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Classification of Clouds Sampled at the Puy de Dôme Station (France) Based on Chemical Measurements and Air Mass History Matrices. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A statistical analysis of 295 cloud samples collected at the Puy de Dôme station in France (PUY), covering the period 2001–2018, was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Our model classified the cloud water samples on the basis of their chemical concentrations and of the dynamical history of their air masses estimated with back-trajectory calculations. The statistical analysis split our dataset into two sets, i.e., the first set characterized by westerly air masses and marine characteristics, with high concentrations of sea salts and the second set having air masses originating from the northeastern sector and the “continental” zone, with high concentrations of potentially anthropogenic ions. It appears from our dataset that the influence of cloud microphysics remains minor at PUY as compared with the impact of the air mass history, i.e., physicochemical processes, such as multiphase reactivity.
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Zhou W, E C, Fan Y, Wang K, Lu C. Experimental research on the separation characteristics of a gas-liquid cyclone separator in WGS. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Schlosser JS, Dadashazar H, Edwards EL, Hossein Mardi A, Prabhakar G, Stahl C, Jonsson HH, Sorooshian A. Relationships Between Supermicrometer Sea Salt Aerosol and Marine Boundary Layer Conditions: Insights From Repeated Identical Flight Patterns. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2020; 125:e2019JD032346. [PMID: 33204580 PMCID: PMC7668231 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd032346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The MONterey Aerosol Research Campaign (MONARC) in May-June 2019 featured 14 repeated identical flights off the California coast over the open ocean at the same time each flight day. The objective of this study is to use MONARC data along with machine learning analysis to evaluate relationships between both supermicrometer sea salt aerosol number (N>1) and volume (V>1) concentrations and wind speed, wind direction, sea surface temperature (SST), ambient temperature (Tamb), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), relative humidity (RH), marine boundary layer (MBL) depth, and drizzle rate. Selected findings from this study include the following: (i) Near surface (<60 m) N>1 and V>1 concentration ranges were 0.1-4.6 cm-3 and 0.3-28.2 μm3 cm-3, respectively; (ii) four meteorological regimes were identified during MONARC with each resulting in different N>1 and V>1 concentrations and also varying horizontal and vertical profiles; (iii) the relative predictive strength of the MBL properties varies depending on predicting N>1 or V>1, with MBL depth being more highly ranked for predicting N>1 and with TKE being higher for predicting V>1; (iv) MBL depths >400 m (<200 m) often correspond to lower (higher) N>1 and V>1 concentrations; (v) enhanced drizzle rates coincide with reduced N>1 and V>1 concentrations; (vi) N>1 and V>1 concentrations exhibit an overall negative relationship with SST and RH and an overall positive relationship with Tamb; and (vii) wind speed and direction were relatively weak predictors of N>1 and V>1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Schlosser
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eva-Lou Edwards
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gouri Prabhakar
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Connor Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Haflidi H Jonsson
- Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Dadashazar H, Crosbie E, Majdi MS, Panahi M, Moghaddam MA, Behrangi A, Brunke M, Zeng X, Jonsson HH, Sorooshian A. Stratocumulus cloud clearings: statistics from satellites, reanalysis models, and airborne measurements. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2020; 20:4637-4665. [PMID: 33193752 PMCID: PMC7660233 DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-4637-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a detailed characterization of stratocumulus clearings off the US West Coast using remote sensing, reanalysis, and airborne in situ data. Ten years (2009-2018) of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagery data are used to quantify the monthly frequency, growth rate of total area (GRArea), and dimensional characteristics of 306 total clearings. While there is interannual variability, the summer (winter) months experienced the most (least) clearing events, with the lowest cloud fractions being in close proximity to coastal topographical features along the central to northern coast of California, including especially just south of Cape Mendocino and Cape Blanco. From 09:00 to 18:00 (PST), the median length, width, and area of clearings increased from 680 to 1231, 193 to 443, and ~ 67000 to ~ 250000km2, respectively. Machine learning was applied to identify the most influential factors governing the GRArea of clearings between 09:00 and 12:00PST, which is the time frame of most rapid clearing expansion. The results from gradient-boosted regression tree (GBRT) modeling revealed that air temperature at 850 hPa (T 850), specific humidity at 950 hPa (q 950), sea surface temperature (SST), and anomaly in mean sea level pressure (MSLPanom) were probably most impactful in enhancing GRArea using two scoring schemes. Clearings have distinguishing features such as an enhanced Pacific high shifted more towards northern California, offshore air that is warm and dry, stronger coastal surface winds, enhanced lower-tropospheric static stability, and increased subsidence. Although clearings are associated obviously with reduced cloud fraction where they reside, the domain-averaged cloud albedo was actually slightly higher on clearing days as compared to non-clearing days. To validate speculated processes linking environmental parameters to clearing growth rates based on satellite and reanalysis data, airborne data from three case flights were examined. Measurements were compared on both sides of the clear-cloudy border of clearings at multiple altitudes in the boundary layer and free troposphere, with results helping to support links suggested by this study's model simulations. More specifically, airborne data revealed the influence of the coastal low-level jet and extensive horizontal shear at cloud-relevant altitudes that promoted mixing between clear and cloudy air. Vertical profile data provide support for warm and dry air in the free troposphere, additionally promoting expansion of clearings. Airborne data revealed greater evidence of sea salt in clouds on clearing days, pointing to a possible role for, or simply the presence of, this aerosol type in clearing areas coincident with stronger coastal winds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ewan Crosbie
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Mohammad S. Majdi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Milad Panahi
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Moghaddam
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ali Behrangi
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Brunke
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xubin Zeng
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Mardi AH, Dadashazar H, MacDonald AB, Crosbie E, Coggon MM, Aghdam MA, Woods RK, Jonsson HH, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH, Sorooshian A. Effects of Biomass Burning on Stratocumulus Droplet Characteristics, Drizzle Rate, and Composition. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2019; 124:12301-12318. [PMID: 33274175 PMCID: PMC7709909 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on airborne measurements of stratocumulus cloud properties under varying degrees of influence from biomass burning (BB) plumes off the California coast. Data are reported from five total airborne campaigns based in Marina, California, with two of them including influence from wildfires in different areas along the coast of the western United States. The results indicate that subcloud cloud condensation nuclei number concentration and mass concentrations of important aerosol species (organics, sulfate, nitrate) were better correlated with cloud droplet number concentration (N d) as compared to respective above-cloud aerosol data. Given that the majority of BB particles resided above cloud tops, this is an important consideration for future work in the region as the data indicate that the subcloud BB particles likely were entrained from the free troposphere. Lower cloud condensation nuclei activation fractions were observed for BB-impacted clouds as compared to non-BB clouds due, at least partly, to less hygroscopic aerosols. Relationships between N d and either droplet effective radius or drizzle rate are preserved regardless of BB influence, indicative of how parameterizations can exhibit consistent skill for varying degrees of BB influence as long as N d is known. Lastly, the composition of both droplet residual particles and cloud water changed significantly when clouds were impacted by BB plumes, with differences observed for different fire sources stemming largely from effects of plume aging time and dust influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander B MacDonald
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ewan Crosbie
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Matthew M Coggon
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Roy K Woods
- Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard C Flagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Sorooshian A, Anderson B, Bauer SE, Braun RA, Cairns B, Crosbie E, Dadashazar H, Diskin G, Ferrare R, Flagan RC, Hair J, Hostetler C, Jonsson HH, Kleb MM, Liu H, MacDonald AB, McComiskey A, Moore R, Painemal D, Russell LM, Seinfeld JH, Shook M, Smith WL, Thornhill K, Tselioudis G, Wang H, Zeng X, Zhang B, Ziemba L, Zuidema P. AEROSOL-CLOUD-METEOROLOGY INTERACTION AIRBORNE FIELD INVESTIGATIONS: Using Lessons Learned from the U.S. West Coast in the Design of ACTIVATE off the U.S. East Coast. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2019; 100:1511-1528. [PMID: 33204036 PMCID: PMC7668289 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-18-0100.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe report on a multiyear set of airborne field campaigns (2005–16) off the California coast to examine aerosols, clouds, and meteorology, and how lessons learned tie into the upcoming NASA Earth Venture Suborbital (EVS-3) campaign: Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE; 2019–23). The largest uncertainty in estimating global anthropogenic radiative forcing is associated with the interactions of aerosol particles with clouds, which stems from the variability of cloud systems and the multiple feedbacks that affect and hamper efforts to ascribe changes in cloud properties to aerosol perturbations. While past campaigns have been limited in flight hours and the ability to fly in and around clouds, efforts sponsored by the Office of Naval Research have resulted in 113 single aircraft flights (>500 flight hours) in a fixed region with warm marine boundary layer clouds. All flights used nearly the same payload of instruments on a Twin Otter to fly below, in, and above clouds, producing an unprecedented dataset. We provide here i) an overview of statistics of aerosol, cloud, and meteorological conditions encountered in those campaigns and ii) quantification of model-relevant metrics associated with aerosol–cloud interactions leveraging the high data volume and statistics. Based on lessons learned from those flights, we describe the pragmatic innovation in sampling strategy (dual-aircraft approach with combined in situ and remote sensing) that will be used in ACTIVATE to generate a dataset that can advance scientific understanding and improve physical parameterizations for Earth system and weather forecasting models, and for assessing next-generation remote sensing retrieval algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Susanne E Bauer
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York
| | - Rachel A Braun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Brian Cairns
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York
| | - Ewan Crosbie
- NASA Langley Research Center, and Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia
| | - Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | - Richard C Flagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | | | | | | | - Mary M Kleb
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Hongyu Liu
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Alexander B MacDonald
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | - David Painemal
- NASA Langley Research Center, and Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia
| | - Lynn M Russell
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, California
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | | | | | - Kenneth Thornhill
- NASA Langley Research Center, and Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia
| | | | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Xubin Zeng
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Luke Ziemba
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Paquita Zuidema
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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