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Li D, Sujata S, Kang K, Pang H, Li Y, Hou C, Jelkmann W, Wu Y, Zhao L. Polysaccharide Peptide Treatment Eliminates Strawberry Viruses and Promotes Strawberry Plant Growth and Rooting in Tissue Culture Media. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS10232226RE. [PMID: 38319628 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-23-2226-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Based on our previous finding that polysaccharide peptide (PSP) has substantial antiviral activity, we cultured strawberry plants infected with strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) or strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with PSP to test its ability to eliminate these viruses. PSP not only improved the elimination of SMYEV and SVBV but also promoted the growth and rooting of strawberry plants in tissue culture. On the 45th day, the average height of the 'Ningyu' strawberry plants in the 1-mg/ml PSP treatment group was 1.91 cm, whereas that of the plants in the control group was 1.51 cm. After the same time point, the number of new leaves on the tissue culture media supplemented with 1 mg/ml and 500 μg/ml of PSP and without PSP were 4.92, 4.41, and 3.53, respectively. PSP also promoted strawberry rooting and significantly increased both the length and number of roots. In addition, after treatment with the 1-mg/ml PSP treatment in tissue culture for 45 days followed by meristem-shoot-tip culture, the elimination rates of SMYEV and SVBV in regenerated 'Ningyu' strawberry plants ranged from 60 to 100%. This study investigated the use of the antiviral agent PSP for virus elimination. PSP has a low production cost and thus has great application potential for virus elimination in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shrestha Sujata
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanyu Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiting Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wilhelm Jelkmann
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Delmiglio C, Waite DW, Lilly ST, Yan J, Elliott CE, Pattemore J, Guy PL, Thompson JR. New Virus Diagnostic Approaches to Ensuring the Ongoing Plant Biosecurity of Aotearoa New Zealand. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020418. [PMID: 36851632 PMCID: PMC9964515 DOI: 10.3390/v15020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To protect New Zealand's unique ecosystems and primary industries, imported plant materials must be constantly monitored at the border for high-threat pathogens. Techniques adopted for this purpose must be robust, accurate, rapid, and sufficiently agile to respond to new and emerging threats. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), especially real-time PCR, remains an essential diagnostic tool but it is now being complemented by high-throughput sequencing using both Oxford Nanopore and Illumina technologies, allowing unbiased screening of whole populations. The demand for and value of Point-of-Use (PoU) technologies, which allow for in situ screening, are also increasing. Isothermal PoU molecular diagnostics based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) do not require expensive equipment and can reach PCR-comparable levels of sensitivity. Recent advances in PoU technologies offer opportunities for increased specificity, accuracy, and sensitivities which makes them suitable for wider utilization by frontline or border staff. National and international activities and initiatives are adopted to improve both the plant virus biosecurity infrastructure and the integration, development, and harmonization of new virus diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Delmiglio
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (J.R.T.)
| | - David W. Waite
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - Sonia T. Lilly
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - Juncong Yan
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - Candace E. Elliott
- Science and Surveillance Group, Post Entry Quarantine, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Mickleham, VIC 3064, Australia
| | - Julie Pattemore
- Science and Surveillance Group, Post Entry Quarantine, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Mickleham, VIC 3064, Australia
| | - Paul L. Guy
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy R. Thompson
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (J.R.T.)
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Diaz-Lara A, Stevens KA, Klaassen V, Hwang MS, Al Rwahnih M. Sequencing a Strawberry Germplasm Collection Reveals New Viral Genetic Diversity and the Basis for New RT-qPCR Assays. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081442. [PMID: 34452308 PMCID: PMC8402890 DOI: 10.3390/v13081442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are considered of major importance in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) production given their negative impact on plant vigor and growth. Strawberry accessions from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository were screened for viruses using high throughput sequencing (HTS). Analyses of sequence information from 45 plants identified multiple variants of 14 known viruses, comprising strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), beet pseudo yellows virus (BPYV), strawberry pallidosis-associated virus (SPaV), tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV), strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV), strawberry crinkle virus (SCV), strawberry polerovirus 1 (SPV-1), apple mosaic virus (ApMV), strawberry chlorotic fleck virus (SCFaV), strawberry crinivirus 4 (SCrV-4), strawberry crinivirus 3 (SCrV-3), Fragaria chiloensis latent virus (FClLV) and Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus (FCCV). Genetic diversity of sequenced virus isolates was investigated via sequence homology analysis, and partial-genome sequences were deposited into GenBank. To confirm the HTS results and expand the detection of strawberry viruses, new reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays were designed for the above-listed viruses. Further in silico and in vitro validation of the new diagnostic assays indicated high efficiency and reliability. Thus, the occurrence of different viruses, including divergent variants, among the strawberries was verified. This is the first viral metagenomic survey in strawberry, additionally, this study describes the design and validation of multiple RT-qPCR assays for strawberry viruses, which represent important detection tools for clean plant programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Kristian A. Stevens
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.A.S.); (V.K.); (M.S.H.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vicki Klaassen
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.A.S.); (V.K.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Min Sook Hwang
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.A.S.); (V.K.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (K.A.S.); (V.K.); (M.S.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Bragard C, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Gonthier P, Jacques MA, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas-Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Thulke HH, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Candresse T, Chatzivassiliou E, Finelli F, Winter S, Bosco D, Chiumenti M, Di Serio F, Kaluski T, Minafra A, Rubino L. Pest categorisation of non-EU viruses of Fragaria L. EFSA J 2020; 17:e05766. [PMID: 32626424 PMCID: PMC7009162 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health addressed the pest categorisation of the viruses and viroids of Fragaria L. determined as being either non‐EU or of undetermined standing in a previous EFSA opinion. These infectious agents belong to different genera and are heterogeneous in their biology. With the exclusion of strawberry latent virus and strawberry latent C virus for which very limited information exists, the pest categorisation was completed for 12 viruses having acknowledged identities and available detection methods. All these viruses are efficiently transmitted by vegetative propagation techniques, with plants for planting representing the major pathway for long‐distance dispersal and thus considered as the major pathway for entry. Depending on the virus, additional pathway(s) can also be Fragaria seeds, pollen and/or vector(s). Most of the viruses categorised here are known to infect only one or few plant genera, but some of them have a wide host range, thus extending the possible entry pathways. Strawberry chlorotic fleck‐associated virus, strawberry leaf curl virus, strawberry necrotic shock virus, strawberry pallidosis‐associated virus, strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) and tomato ringspot virus meet all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as potential Union quarantine pests (QPs). For SVBV, the Panel considered that following its entry and establishment into the EU territory, an impact of uncertain magnitude is expected mainly because a synergistic effect may occur in strawberry in case of mixed infections with viruses already present in the EU. Strawberry crinivirus 3, strawberry crinivirus 4 and strawberry polerovirus 1 meet all criteria for being considered as potential Union QPs, except for the impact in the EU territory, on which the Panel was unable to conclude. Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus, Fragaria chiloensis latent virus and strawberry pseudo mild yellow edge virus do not meet the criterion of having potential negative impact in the EU. For several viruses, especially those recently discovered, the categorisation is associated with high uncertainties mainly because of the absence of data on their biology, distribution and impact. Since this opinion addresses specifically the non‐EU viruses, in general, these viruses do not meet the criteria assessed by EFSA to qualify as potential Union regulated non‐quarantine pests. This publication is linked to the following EFSA Journal articles: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5501/full, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5590/full, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5735/full, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5769/full
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Molecular and Biological Characterization of a New Strawberry Cytorhabdovirus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11110982. [PMID: 31653104 PMCID: PMC6893435 DOI: 10.3390/v11110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus diseases of strawberry present several complex problems. More than 25 viruses have been described in the genus Fragaria thus far. Here, we describe a novel rhabdovirus, tentatively named strawberry virus 1 (StrV-1), that infects F. ananassa and F. vesca plants. Genomic sequences of three distinct StrV-1 genotypes co-infecting a single F. ananassa host were obtained using combined Illumina and Ion Proton high-throughput sequencing. StrV-1 was transmitted to herbaceous plants via Aphis fabae and A. ruborum, further mechanically transmitted to Nicotiana occidentalis 37B and sub-inoculated to N. benthamiana, N. benthamiana DCL2/4i, N.occidentalis 37B, and Physalis floridana plants. Irregular chlorotic sectors on leaf blades and the multiplication of calyx leaves seem to be the diagnostic symptoms for StrV-1 on indexed F. vesca clones. StrV-1 was detected in asymptomatic grafted plants and in 49 out of 159 field strawberry samples via RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The bacilliform shape of the virions, which have a cytoplasm-limited distribution, their size, and phylogenetic relationships support the assignment of StrV-1 to a distinct species of the genus Cytorhabdovirus. Acyrthosiphon malvae, A. fabae, and A. ruborum were shown to transmit StrV-1 under experimental conditions.
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Ding X, Chen D, Du Z, Zhang J, Wu Z. The complete genome sequence of a novel cytorhabdovirus identified in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.). Arch Virol 2019; 164:3127-3131. [PMID: 31559494 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A cytorhabdovirus, tentatively named "strawberry-associated virus 1" (SaV1), was identified in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.), and its complete genome sequence was determined. Its negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome is composed of 14,159 nucleotides and contains eight open reading frames (ORFs) in the canonical order 3'-N-P-P3-M-G-P6-P7-L-5. The ORFs are separated by conserved intergenic sequences, and the genome coding region is flanked by 3' and 5' untranslated regions of 179 and 856 nt, respectively. SaV1 N and L genes shares 32-57% and 38-64% amino acid sequence identity with those of nine reported cytorhabdoviruses, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SaV1 clustered with high confidence with representative cytorhabdoviruses and is most closely related to tomato yellow mottle-associated virus. There are two additional small genes of unknown function between the G and L genes. We propose that SaV1 should be considered a member of a novel species in the genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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