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Mohammadkhani R, Salehi I, Safari S, Ghahremani R, Komaki A, Karimi SA. Continuous exercise training rescues hippocampal long-term potentiation in the VPA rat model of Autism: Uncovering sex-specific effects. Neuroscience 2024; 559:105-112. [PMID: 39214164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment has been reported in many studies of autistic models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of interval training (IT) and continuous training (CT) exercises on LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) neurons of valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. To induce an autism-like model, pregnant rats were injected 500 mg/kg NaVPA (intraperitoneal) on the embryonic day 12.5. IT and CT aerobic exercises started on postnatal day 56 in the offspring. Four weeks after IT and/or CT exercises, the offspring were urethane-anesthetized and placed into a stereotaxic apparatus for surgery, electrode implantation, and field potential recording. In the DG region, excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSP) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude were measured. Sex differences in LTP were evident for control rats but not for VPA-exposed offspring. LTP was significantly smaller in VPA-exposed male offspring compared with control male rats. In contrast to males, there was no difference between VPA-exposed female offspring and control female rats. Interestingly, we observed a sex difference in the response to exercise between VPA-exposed male and female offspring. CT exercise training (but not IT) increased LTP in VPA-exposed male offspring. Both IT and CT exercise trainings had no effect on intact LTP in VPA-exposed female offspring. Our work suggests that there may be differences in the benefits of exercise interventions based on sex, and CT exercise training could be more beneficial for LTP improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Safari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Ghahremani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
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Luque-García L, García-Baquero G, Lertxundi A, Al-Delaimy WK, Julvez J, Estarlich M, De Castro M, Guxens M, Lozano M, Subiza-Pérez M, Ibarluzea J. Exploring the pathways linking prenatal and early childhood greenness exposure to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms during childhood: An approach based on robust causal inference. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 263:114475. [PMID: 39366079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to greenness during childhood may protect children from developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). OBJECTIVE We analyzed the effect of both prenatal (pregnancy) and early childhood (4-5-year follow-up) residential greenness exposure and green space availability on ADHD symptoms during childhood (up to the age of 12 years) and further explored the potential mediating role of PM2.5 and physical activity in the association. METHODS The study population included participants from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) prospective birth cohort (Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, and Valencia). Average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in buffers of 100-, 300- and 500-m around the residential addresses was used as an indicator of greenness, while green space availability was determined based on the presence of a major green space within 150-m from the residence. Childhood ADHD symptoms were assessed at the 6-8- and 10-12-year follow-ups using Conners Parents Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form. RESULTS Although no association was found for the prenatal exposure period, increased early childhood NDVI inversely associated with the OR of clinically significant ADHD symptoms during the 6-8-year follow-up at the 100-m (OR 0.03, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.44), 300-m (OR 0.04, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.42) and 500-m (OR 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.76) buffers, but exclusively in the context of direct effects. Additionally, the 10-12-year follow-up analysis found moderate to weak evidence of potential total and direct effects of NDVI at both 100- and 300-m buffers on inattention scores, as well as for NDVI at the 300-m buffer on ADHD index scores. The analysis did not reveal evidence of mediation through PM2.5 or physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that early childhood greenness exposure may reduce the risk of developing ADHD symptoms later in childhood, and that this association is not mediated through PM2.5 and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Luque-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain; Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Goierri Alto-Urola Integrated Health Organisation, Zumarraga Hospital, 20700, Zumarraga, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo García-Baquero
- Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain; CEADIR. Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, Avda Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain; Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Wael K Al-Delaimy
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Jordi Julvez
- ISGlobal, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain.
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Nursing and Chiropody Faculty of Valencia University, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 19, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Montserrat De Castro
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè, 12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè, 12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Manuel Lozano
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mikel Subiza-Pérez
- Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, BD9 6RJ, Bradford, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018, Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013, San Sebastián, Spain.
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Li P, Han X, Li J, Wang Y, Cao Y, Wu W, Liu X. Aerobic exercise training engages the canonical wnt pathway to improve pulmonary function and inflammation in COPD. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:236. [PMID: 38745304 PMCID: PMC11095004 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied whether the exercise improves cigarette smoke (CS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in mice through inhibition of inflammation mediated by Wnt/β-catenin-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ signaling. METHODS Firstly, we observed the effect of exercise on pulmonary inflammation, lung function, and Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ. A total of 30 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the control group (CG), smoke group (SG), low-intensity exercise group (LEG), moderate-intensity exercise group (MEG), and high-intensity exercise group (HEG). All the groups, except for CG, underwent whole-body progressive exposure to CS for 25 weeks. Then, we assessed the maximal exercise capacity of mice from the LEG, MEG, and HEG, and performed an 8-week treadmill exercise intervention. Then, we used LiCl (Wnt/β-catenin agonist) and XAV939 (Wnt/β-catenin antagonist) to investigate whether Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ pathway played a role in the improvement of COPD via exercise. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 per group): CG, SG, LiCl group, LiCl and exercise group, XAV939 group, and XAV939 and exercise group. Mice except those in the CG were exposed to CS, and those in the exercise groups were subjected to moderate-intensity exercise training. All the mice were subjected to lung function test, lung histological assessment, and analysis of inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as detection of Wnt1, β-catenin and PPARγ proteins in the lung tissue. RESULTS Exercise of various intensities alleviated lung structural changes, pulmonary function and inflammation in COPD, with moderate-intensity exercise exhibiting significant and comprehensive effects on the alleviation of pulmonary inflammation and improvement of lung function. Low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise decreased β-catenin levels and increased those of PPARγ significantly, and only moderate-intensity exercise reduced the level of Wnt1 protein. Moderate-intensity exercise relieved the inflammation aggravated by Wnt agonist. Wnt antagonist combined with moderate-intensity exercise increased the levels of PPARγ, which may explain the highest improvement of pulmonary function observed in this group. CONCLUSIONS Exercise effectively decreases COPD pulmonary inflammation and improves pulmonary function. The beneficial role of exercise may be exerted through Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
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Ghahremani R, Mohammadkhani R, Salehi I, Karimi SA, Zarei M. Sex Differences in Spatial Learning and Memory in Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism: Possible Beneficial Role of Exercise Interventions. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:869792. [PMID: 35548693 PMCID: PMC9084280 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.869792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we first tried to determine sex differences in spatial learning and memory in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. Second, the effects of interval training (IT) and continuous training (CT) exercises were examined in male and female offsprings. To induce autism-like animal model, the pregnant rats were injected 500 mg/kg NaVPA (intraperitoneal) at the embryonic day 12.5. IT and CT aerobic exercises were started at postnatal day 56. Then, on postnatal days 84–89, a Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted on the separate groups of offsprings. Aerobic training was performed on a rodent treadmill with 0% slope for 8 weeks, 5 days/week, and 50 min/day. Unlike control animals, VPA-exposed female offspring had a better performance than VPA-exposed male offspring in MWM acquisition. In the case of MWM reference memory, we did not observe a sex difference between VPA-exposed male and VPA-exposed female offspring. Both IT and CT exercises in both control and VPA-exposed male rats significantly improved MWM acquisition. Moreover, both IT and CT exercises significantly improved MWM acquisition in control female rats. In addition, IT exercise (but not CT) significantly improved MWM acquisition in VPA-exposed female offsprings. Both IT and CT exercises in VPA-exposed that male and female offsprings improved the MWM reference memory. In conclusion, our observation demonstrated that prenatal exposure to VPA affects the spatial learning and memory in a sex dependent manner. We have shown that both IT and CT exercises are able to improve cognitive function in healthy and autistic rat offsprings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghahremani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- *Correspondence: Seyed Asaad Karimi, , , ,
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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