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Kim HM, Kim HS, An YE, Chang JH, Kim TH, Kim CW, Gweon TG. Effect of bowel preparation completion time on bowel cleansing efficacy: Prospective randomized controlled trial of different bowel preparation completion times precolonoscopy. Dig Endosc 2024. [PMID: 38872503 DOI: 10.1111/den.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The elapse time between the completion of bowel cleansing and colonoscopy is one of the important factors for proper bowel cleansing. Although several studies have reported that a short time interval resulted in a favorable bowel cleansing, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) has been conducted to determine the effect of the elapse time. Consequently, we performed an RCT to investigate the efficacy of bowel preparation of participants who underwent colonoscopy according to the different time intervals between the completion of bowel preparation and colonoscopy. METHODS In this single-center RCT, study participants were randomized to complete bowel preparation either 2-4 h or 4-8 h before colonoscopy. The primary end-point was successful bowel preparation, rated using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). RESULTS A total of 504 individuals were included (2-4 h, 255; 4-8 h, 249). The rate of successful bowel preparation in the 2-4 h group showed noninferiority compared with that of the 4-8 h group (97.6% vs. 95.2%; rate difference, 2.5% [-0.8% to 5.7%]; Pfor noninferiority < 0.001, Pfor superiority = 0.136). The rate for perfect cleansing (a BBPS score of 9) was higher in the 2-4 h group (56.5% vs. 39.8%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION When bowel cleansing was finished 2-4 h before the start of colonoscopy, the overall bowel cleansing was noninferior, and perfect cleansing was superior, compared to that when cleansing was finished 4-8 h before colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Suk Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Eun An
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Whan Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Geun Gweon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Wi YJ, Na SY. [Calcium, Vitamin D, and Colorectal Cancer]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2023; 82:47-55. [PMID: 37621239 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has a high incidence and mortality worldwide, with Westernized lifestyles and diet being significant contributing factors. Vitamin D and calcium have been known to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer by affecting cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Despite observational studies which have suggested that a higher serum vitamin D level can lower the risk of colorectal cancer and improve survival rates, no large-scale randomized controlled trials to establish these benefits have been conducted to date. Calcium intake has also been found to have a beneficial role in reducing the incidence and improving survival rates of colorectal cancer in several observational studies. Moreover, intervention studies have proved its effect in preventing colorectal adenomas. However, there are few intervention studies that have identified the relationship of vitamin D and calcium with colon cancer. To elucidate the impact of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on colorectal cancer, well-designed and large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jo Wi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Colorectal Neoplasia in CDH1 Pathogenic Variant Carriers: A Multicenter Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1877-1879. [PMID: 36087100 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germline variants in CDH1 are associated with elevated risks of diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. It is uncertain whether there is an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of colonoscopy outcomes in patients with germline CDH1 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were included with a mean age of 46.9 years. Initial colonoscopy found adenomatous polyps in 30 patients (35.3%), including advanced adenomas in 9 (10.6%). No colorectal cancers were identified on index or subsequent colonoscopies (when available). DISCUSSION CDH1 carriers have colorectal neoplasia identified at similar rates as in the general population. Despite potential difficulties after gastrectomy, colorectal cancer screening remains important in this population.
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Jung SH, Lim CH, Gweon TG, Kim J, Oh JH, Yoon KT, An JY, Ji JS, Choi H. Comparison of 2 L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid and 4 L Polyethylene Glycol in Elderly Patients Aged 60-79: A Prospective Randomized Study. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4841-4850. [PMID: 35048226 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bowel-cleansing efficacy and safety of 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) with ascorbic acid (2L PEG + Asc) has rarely been studied in the elderly population. In this randomized trial, we compared the bowel cleanliness, safety, and tolerability of 2L PEG + Asc with those of 4 L PEG in an elderly population aged 60-79. METHODS Study participants were randomized either to 2L PEG + Asc or 4L PEG. The primary endpoint was the success rate of bowel preparation, using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Before colonoscopy, all participants were questioned about adverse events and tolerability regarding purgative ingestion. RESULTS A total of 347 individuals were enrolled (2L PEG + Asc, 174; 4L PEG, 173). Mean age in the 2L PEG + Asc and the 4L PEG was 69.3 ± 5.6 and 69.3 ± 5.0, respectively (P = 0.917). The rate for successful bowel cleansing was comparable between the 2L PEG + Asc (92%) and the 4L PEG (96%, P = 0.118). Total ingested liquid including purgative and water was lower in the 2L PEG + Asc group (2.9 L) than in the 4L PEG group (4.2 L, P < 0.001). The tolerability of purgative was superior in the 2L PEG + Asc (overall satisfaction, P < 0.001; willingness to reuse, P < 0.001). There were no serious adverse events during the trial. CONCLUSIONS The bowel-cleansing efficacy of 2L PEG + Asc was comparable to that of 4L PEG. Tolerability was superior in the 2L PEG + Asc group. For older people, 2L PEG + Asc is an efficacious and safe bowel cleanser. (Clinical trial registration number: KCT0004123).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Geun Gweon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14647, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinsu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jee Young An
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Seon Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hwang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
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Na SY, Kim KB, Lim YJ, Song HJ. Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:147-156. [PMID: 36258716 PMCID: PMC9537583 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is considered to be the main mediator of the beneficial effects of sun exposure. In humans, highest expression of Vitamin D receptors is found in the intestinal tract. In addition, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (or calcitriol), the most active Vitamin D metabolite, plays important homeostatic roles in the intestine, particularly calcium absorption. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level of < 20 ng/mL. Previous studies show that higher circulating 25(OH)D levels are associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and improved survival. Most research to date has been conducted in animals, specifically mice. Although human studies have a limited number of participants, one study recruiting a large cohort of patients with advanced or metastatic CRC revealed that higher plasma 25(OH)D levels are associated with improved overall and progression-free survival. However, the effects of Vitamin D supplementation on incidence and mortality of CRC remain inconclusive. Although Vitamin D may help to prevent cancer, there is a paucity of research demonstrating conclusively that Vitamin D alters prognosis after chemotherapy. Here, we review the mechanisms by which Vitamin D affects CRC, as well as the results of clinical, epidemiological, and human intervention studies. We also discuss current perspectives and future directions regarding Vitamin D and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ki Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea,Correspondence to Yun Jeong Lim, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-332X
| | - Hyun Joo Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea,Hyun Joo Song, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-555X
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Kim JH, Choi YJ, Kwon HJ, Oh GM, Jung K, Kim SE, Moon W, Park MI, Park SJ. Colonoscopy Insertion in Patients with Gastrectomy: Does Position Impact Cecal Intubation Time? Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4533-4540. [PMID: 35122594 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of abdominal surgery is associated with difficulty in colonoscopy insertion. Few studies have reported effective colonoscopy insertion for patients who underwent abdominal surgery due to stomach cancer. AIM We aimed to compare the impact of supine position (SP) and left lateral position (LLP) as the starting position of colonoscopy insertion in patients who underwent abdominal surgery due to stomach cancer. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Patients undergoing colonoscopy for screening or post-polypectomy surveillance after gastrectomy due to stomach cancer were enrolled and randomized to the SP or LLP group as the starting position of colonoscopy insertion. All colonoscopic examinations were performed with a transparent cap. The primary outcome was to compare the cecal intubation time between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 224 patients were enrolled. The mean cecal intubation time was not significantly different between the SP and LLP groups (364.5 s versus 306.9 s; p = 0.105). In patients with a lower body mass index (< 21 kg/m2) or who underwent gastrectomy within three years, the mean cecal intubation time of the LLP group was shorter than the SP group. In the multivariate analysis for the factors affecting to increase in the cecal intubation time (> 5 min), the starting position was not an independent factor. CONCLUSION Either the SP or LLP could serve as a possible starting position of colonoscopy insertion for patients who underwent abdominal surgery due to stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Gamcheonro 262, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Youn Jung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Gamcheonro 262, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Gamcheonro 262, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Gyu Man Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Gamcheonro 262, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Gamcheonro 262, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Gamcheonro 262, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Won Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Gamcheonro 262, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Moo In Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Gamcheonro 262, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Seun Ja Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Gamcheonro 262, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, Korea.
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Kim SJ, Lee J, Baek DY, Lee JH, Hong R. Early gastric neoplasms are significant risk factor for colorectal adenoma: A prospective case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29956. [PMID: 35960053 PMCID: PMC9371521 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gastric cancer patients have a high incidence and risk of colorectal cancer, evidence is lacking regarding whether early gastric neoplasms (EGNs), such as gastric adenomas and early gastric cancer, are risk factors for colorectal adenoma. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of colorectal adenomas in patients with EGN. This prospective study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016. Of the 307 patients who underwent gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection for EGN, 110 patients were enrolled in the EGN group, and 110 age- and sex-matched healthy persons from the screening population were included in the control group in a 1:1 ratio. Demographic factors and results of colonoscopy, including quality assessment, were collected, and analyzed. No significant differences in the quality of colonoscopy, including bowel preparation, cecal intubation rate, and withdrawal time between the 2 groups, were observed. The incidence of colorectal adenoma was significantly higher in the EGN group than in the control group (55.5% vs 26.4%, P = .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that old age (odds ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.08, P = .005) and a history of EGN (odds ratio: 4.99, 95% confidence interval: 2.60-9.57, P = .001) were independent risk factors for colorectal adenoma. This is the first prospective study to reflect the quality indicator of colonoscopy and confirmed that old age and a history of EGN are significant risk factors for colorectal adenomas. Therefore, more stringent colonoscopy surveillance should be considered in elderly patients with EGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Koreaand
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Koreaand
- * Correspondence: Jun Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea. e-mail:
| | - Dae Youb Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Koreaand
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Koreaand
| | - Ran Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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