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Vitiello GA, Jayaprakasam VS, Tang LH, Schattner MA, Janjigian YY, Ku GY, Maron SB, Schoder H, Larson SM, Gönen M, Datta J, Coit DG, Brennan MF, Strong VE. Patient metabolic profile defined by liver and muscle 18F-FDG PET avidity is independently associated with overall survival in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:548-557. [PMID: 38436762 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PET-CT-based patient metabolic profiling is a novel concept to incorporate patient-specific metabolism into gastric cancer care. METHODS Staging PET-CTs, demographics, and clinicopathologic variables of gastric cancer patients were obtained from a prospectively maintained institutional database. PET-CT avidity was measured in tumor, liver, spleen, four paired muscles, and two paired fat areas in each patient. The liver to rectus femoris (LRF) ratio was defined as the ratio of SUVmean of liver to the average SUVmean of the bilateral rectus femoris muscles. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-proportional hazards models were used to identify the impact of LRF ratio on OS. RESULTS Two hundred and one patients with distal gastroesophageal (48%) or gastric (52%) adenocarcinoma were included. Median age was 65 years, and 146 (73%) were male. On univariate analysis, rectus femoris PET-CT avidity and LRF ratio were significantly associated with overall survival (p < 0.05). LRF ratio was significantly higher in males, early-stage cancer, patients with an ECOG 0 or 1 performance status, patients with albumin > 3.5 mg/dL, and those with moderately differentiated tumor histology. In multivariable regression, gastric cancer stage, albumin, and LRF ratio were significant independent predictors of overall survival (LRF ratio HR = 0.73 (0.56-0.96); p = 0.024). Survival curves showed that the prognostic impact of LRF was associated with metastatic gastric cancer (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Elevated LRF ratio, a patient-specific PET-CT-based metabolic parameter, was independently associated with an improvement in OS in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. With prospective validation, LRF ratio may be a useful, host-specific metabolic parameter for prognostication in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A Vitiello
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Northwell Health, Bay Shore, NY, USA.
| | | | - Laura H Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark A Schattner
- Gastroenterology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Ku
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven B Maron
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heiko Schoder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jashodeep Datta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel G Coit
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murray F Brennan
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivian E Strong
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Seko-Nitta A, Nagatani Y, Murakami Y, Watanabe Y, Nitta N, Murata K, Takemura S, Murata S. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in advanced gastric cancer correlates with histopathological subtypes and volume of tumor stroma. Eur J Radiol 2021; 145:110048. [PMID: 34814038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and histological subtypes, amount of tumor stroma in advanced gastric cancer (GC), and clinical outcomes. METHODS We evaluated 56 patients (male/female, 42:14; mean age, 69 years) with advanced GC who underwent surgical resection at our institution and positron emission tomography-computed tomography with 18F-FDG prior to surgery. We used the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the tumor and the tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) of the SUVmax for the analysis. The SUVmax and TLR correlated with histological subtypes, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD34, and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Tumor stroma in GC was evaluated by CD34 expression. GCs were classified according to the Lauren and World Health Organization (WHO) classifications. RESULTS The average FDG uptakes (SUVmax) were 4.17% and 14.04% in diffuse and intestinal type GCs, respectively, according to the Lauren classification, and 4.17%, 13.87%, 7.70%, 9.71%, and 19.45% in the poorly cohesive, tubular, mucinous, and papillary adenocarcinomas, respectively, according to the WHO classification. The FDG uptake in diffuse type was significantly lower than that in the intestinal type (p = 0.000). The SUVmax and TLR of the CD34(+) group (mean SUVmax, 5.50; TLR, 1.56) were significantly lower than those of the CD34(-) group (mean SUVmax, 14.09; TLR, 4.09). RFS was not associated with TLR or CD34 expression. CONCLUSION GC, which has abundant tumor stroma characterized by high CD34 expression on IHC, shows low FDG uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Seko-Nitta
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Nagatani
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoko Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nitta
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Department of Radiology, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kumiyama-cho, Sayama, Kuze, Kyoto 613-0034, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Murata
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Department of Radiology, Rakusai Newtown Hospital, 3-6 Higashi-Shinbayashi-cho, Oe, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 610-1142, Japan
| | - Shizuki Takemura
- Department of Pathology, Kusatsu General Hospital, 1660 Yabase-cho, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0066, Japan
| | - Satoshi Murata
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal malignancies encompass a variety of primary tumor sites, each with different staging criteria and treatment approaches. In this review we discuss technical aspects of 18F-FDG-PET/CT scanning to optimize information from both the PET and computed tomography components. Specific applications for 18F-FDG-PET/CT are summarized for initial staging and follow-up of the major disease sites, including esophagus, stomach, hepatobiliary system, pancreas, colon, rectum, and anus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Howard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotheranostics, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3949, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Terence Z Wong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotheranostics, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3949, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Foley KG, Pearson B, Riddell Z, Taylor SA. Opportunities in cancer imaging: a review of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal malignancies. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:748-762. [PMID: 33579518 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy is increasing worldwide. In particular, there is a concerning rise in incidence of GI cancer in younger adults. Direct endoscopic visualisation of luminal tumour sites requires invasive procedures, which are associated with certain risks, but remain necessary because of limitations in current imaging techniques and the continuing need to obtain tissue for diagnosis and genetic analysis; however, management of GI cancer is increasingly reliant on non-invasive, radiological imaging to diagnose, stage, and treat these malignancies. Oesophageal, gastric, and colorectal malignancies require specialist investigation and treatment due to the complex nature of the anatomy, biology, and subsequent treatment strategies. As cancer imaging techniques develop, many opportunities to improve tumour detection, diagnostic accuracy and treatment monitoring present themselves. This review article aims to report current imaging practice, advances in various radiological modalities in relation to GI luminal tumour sites and describes opportunities for GI radiologists to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Foley
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Llantrisant, UK.
| | - B Pearson
- National Imaging Academy Wales (NIAW), Pencoed, UK
| | - Z Riddell
- National Imaging Academy Wales (NIAW), Pencoed, UK
| | - S A Taylor
- Centre for Medical Imaging, UCL, London, UK
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Bosch KD, Chicklore S, Cook GJ, Davies AR, Kelly M, Gossage JA, Baker CR. Staging FDG PET-CT changes management in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who are eligible for radical treatment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:759-767. [PMID: 31377821 PMCID: PMC7075833 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) is valuable in the management of patients with oesophageal cancer, but a role in gastric cancer staging is debated. Our aim was to review the role of FDG PET-CT in a large gastric cancer cohort in a tertiary UK centre. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from 330 patients presenting with gastric adenocarcinoma between March 2014 and December 2016 of whom 105 underwent pre-treatment staging FDG PET-CT scans. FDG PET-CT scans were graded qualitatively and quantitatively (SUVmax) and compared with staging diagnostic CT and operative pathology results (n = 30) in those undergoing resection. RESULTS Of the 105 patients (74 M, median age 73 years) 86% of primary tumours were metabolically active (uptake greater than normal stomach) on FDG PET-CT [41/44 (93%) of the intestinal histological subtype (SUVmax 14.1 ± 1.3) compared to 36/46 (78%) of non-intestinal types (SUVmax 9.0 ± 0.9), p = 0.005]. FDG PET-CT upstaged nodal or metastastic staging of 20 patients (19%; 13 intestinal, 6 non-intestinal, 1 not reported), with 17 showing distant metastases not evident on other imaging. On histological analysis, available in 30 patients, FDG PET-CT showed low sensitivity (40%) but higher specificity (73%) for nodal involvement. CONCLUSION FDG PET-CT provides new information in a clinically useful proportion of patients, which leads to changes in treatment strategy, most frequently by detecting previously unidentified metastases, particularly in those with intestinal-type tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Bosch
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Sugama Chicklore
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- King's College London and Guy's & St Thomas' PET Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gary J Cook
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- King's College London and Guy's & St Thomas' PET Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Andrew R Davies
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark Kelly
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - James A Gossage
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Cara R Baker
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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Arslan E, Aksoy T, Gündoğan C, Şen Ç, Yılmaz Tatar S, Dursun N, Çermik TF. Metabolic Characteristics and Diagnostic Contribution of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Gastric Carcinomas. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2020; 29:25-32. [PMID: 32079385 PMCID: PMC7057726 DOI: 10.4274/mirt.galenos.2020.75537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (FDG) uptake patterns in primary tumors and metastatic lesions, and also to assess the diagnostic contribution of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the initial staging of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: The total number of 341 patients with GC were included in this study. All 18F-FDG PET/CT imagings were performed for initial staging. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary tumor, obtained from 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was compared between subtypes of GC. Results: Mean SUVmax of 339 patients’ primary tumor was 12.9±8.6. The highest mean SUVmax was detected in patients with medullary subtype GC (17.8±9.9) while the lowest mean SUVmax (9.7±7.6) was seen in signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). The primary mean SUVmax was found statistically higher in tubular adenocarcinoma (TAC) group than SRCC group (p<0.001). Higher SUVmax values were found statistically significantly correlated with advanced age (aged ≥60) and increased tumor size (>3 cm) in patients with TAC (p=0.03). Primary tumor SUVmax was found statistically higher in regional lymph node (RLN) positive patients than in RLN negative patients in TAC and SRCC groups (p<0.001 and p=0.012, respectivelly). Also, in patients with SRCC, SUVmax was significantly higher in the distant metastatic group than in the group without metastasis (p=0.025). Conclusion: Increased primary tumor SUVmax was associated with some of clinical parameters such as age and RLN metastasis in patients with TAC. However, there was no relationship between distant metastatic state and primary tumor 18F-FDG uptake in TAC. However, high SUVmax of primary tumor in SRCC was associated with regional and distant metastasis, and primary tumor 18F-FDG uptake may be a prognostic value for this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Arslan
- University of Health and Sciences, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Aksoy
- University of Health and Sciences, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Gündoğan
- University of Health and Sciences, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Şen
- University of Health and Sciences, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selda Yılmaz Tatar
- Yeniyüzyıl University, Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevra Dursun
- University of Health and Sciences, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Fikret Çermik
- University of Health and Sciences, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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