Identification of a Novel Stop Loss Mutation in P2RX2 Gene in an Iranian Family with Autosomal Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss

A systematic review of the monogenic causes of Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss (NSHL) and discussion of Current Diagnosis and Treatment options

Hearing impairment is one of the most widespread inheritable sensory disorder affecting at least 1 in every 1000 born. About two-third of hereditary hearing loss (HHL) disorders are non-syndromic. To provide comprehensive update of monogenic causes of non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL), literature search has been carried out with appropriate keywords in the following databases-PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, and Science Direct. Out of 2214 papers, 271 papers were shortlisted after applying inclusion and exclusion criterion. Data extracted from selected papers include information about gene name, identified pathogenic variants, ethnicity of the patient, age of onset, gender, title, authors' name, and year of publication. Overall, pathogenic variants in 98 different genes have been associated with NSHL. These genes have important role to play during early embryonic development in ear structure formation and hearing development. Here, we also review briefly the recent information about diagnosis and treatment approaches. Understanding pathogenic genetic variants are helpful in the management of affected and may offer targeted therapies in future.