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Al-Fahad D, Ropón-Palacios G, Omoboyowa DA, Singh G, Patil RB. Virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation of natural compounds as potential inhibitors of serine/threonine kinase 16 for anticancer drug discovery. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10931-8. [PMID: 39031289 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase 16 (STK 16) is involved in many facets of cellular regulation; activation of STK 16 plays a crucial role in the migration of cancer cells. Therefore, it is a novel target for the discovery of anticancer agents. Herein, virtual screening and dynamics simulation were used to screen a large library of natural compounds against STK 16 using Schrodinger suit 2021-2 and GROMACS 2021.6. The results predicted five molecules with high binding affinity against the target, with NPC132329 (Arcyriaflavin C) and NPC160898 having higher binding affinity and molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA), suggesting that it is better than the standard inhibitor. The molecular dymanics (MD) simulation studies showed that the STK 16-NPC132329 complex has the lowest root mean square deviation, and STK 16-NPC160898 was the most stable compared with the standard drug and selective STK 16 inhibitor. The minimal fluctuation was observed in the STK 16-NPC132329 and STK 16-NPC160898 complexes based on the root mean square fluctuation trajectory with NPC132329 and NPC160898 forming 2 and 3 hydrogen bonds respectively with the amino acid residue of the target's binding site. Overall, NPC132329 and NPC160898 are better STK 16 inhibitors than the standard drug and selective inhibitor, which can be further studied to discover novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurgham Al-Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq.
| | - G Ropón-Palacios
- Department of Physics, IBILCE, São Paulo State University (UNESP), RuaCristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Damilola A Omoboyowa
- Phyto-Medicine and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, AdekunleAjasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Section of Microbiology and Chemistry, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi, CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush, Jhansi, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Pune, India.
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Yadav K, Vijayalakshmi R, Kumar Sahu K, Sure P, Chahal K, Yadav R, Sucheta, Dubey A, Jha M, Pradhan M. Exosome-Based Macromolecular neurotherapeutic drug delivery approaches in overcoming the Blood-Brain barrier for treating brain disorders. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114298. [PMID: 38642716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain is a complex challenge in medical research, particularly for disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The blood-brain barrier restricts the entry of many therapeutic molecules, hindering their effectiveness. Nanoparticles, a potential solution, face issues like toxicity and limited approvals. A new avenue explores the use of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), i.e., exosomes, as natural carriers for drug delivery. sEVs, tiny structures below 150 nm, show promise due to their minimal immune response and ability to precisely deliver drugs. This review focuses on the potential of sEVs-based drug delivery systems for treating neurological disorders, brain cancers, and other brain-related issues. Notably, bioengineered sEVs-carrying therapeutic compounds exhibit promise in early studies. The unique features of sEVs, such as their small size and natural properties, position them as candidates to overcome challenges in drug delivery to the brain. Ongoing clinical trials and research into sEVs behavior within the body further highlight their potential for revolutionizing drug delivery and addressing complex brain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- Raipur Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sarona, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - R Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GIET School of Pharmacy, Chaitanya Knowledge City, Rajahmundry, AP, 533296, India
| | - Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Pavani Sure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kavita Chahal
- Department of Botany, Government Model Science College Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Sucheta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Akhilesh Dubey
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Megha Jha
- Department of Life Science, Mansarovar Global University, Sehore, M.P., India
| | - Madhulika Pradhan
- Gracious College of Pharmacy, Abhanpur, Chhattisgarh, 493661, India.
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Al-Fahad D, Alyaseen F, Al-Amery A, Ibeas Bin C. Regulation of Focal Adhesion Dynamics and Cell Migration by PLC/PI3K-Mediated Metabolism of PtdIns (4,5) P2 in a Breast Cancer Cell Line. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:270-281. [PMID: 36164622 PMCID: PMC9455190 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.2.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal adhesions (FAs) are highly dynamic complex structures that assembled and disassembled on an ongoing basis. The balance between the two processes mediates various aspects of cell behavior, ranging from cell adhesion to cell migration. Assembly and disassembly processes of FAs are regulated by a variety of cellular signaling proteins and adaptors. We previously demonstrated that local levels of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) in MDA-MB-231 cells increases during FA assembly and declines during disassembly. In this study we aimed to investigate whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 regulates FA turnover. METHODS MDA-MB-231 cells were co-transfected with a labeling vinculin (or zyxin) and the PLC𝛅1-PH biosensor to visualize FA localization and PtdIns(4,5)P2 in the cell membrane. We also used pharmacological inhibitors to determine the mechanism underlying the changes of PtdIns(4,5)P2 level during FA turnover and cell migration. Immunostaining, immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting were used to examine the localization and interaction between phospholipase C (PLC)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) FA proteins. RESULTS We showed that inhibition of PLC, PI3K significantly reduced the decline of PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels within FA disassembly and the slowdown rate of FA turnover and cell migration. We also showed that the inhibition of enzymes implicated in the downstream pathway of PtdIns(4,5)P2, such as diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK) and protein kinase C (PKC) significantly reduced FA turnover time and the speed of cell migration. Additionally, we demonstrated that PLC but not PI3K interact with FAs. In conclusion. DISCUSSION This study suggests that dynamical changes of PtdIns(4,5)P2 might regulate FA turnover and facilitate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurgham Al-Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Thi-Qar, Iraq.
| | - Firas Alyaseen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Thi-Qar, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed Al-Amery
- Faculty of Education, Soran University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
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Al-Fahad D, Alyaseen F, Al-Amery A, Singh G, Srinath M, Rehman HM, Abbas Y. Kinetic Changes of Ptdins (3,4,5) P3 within Fast and Slow Turnover Rates of Focal Adhesion. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:262-269. [PMID: 36164635 PMCID: PMC9455192 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.2.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assembly and disassembly of the focal adhesions (FA) components occurs throughout life cycle of adhesion, with conservation of balance between removal and recruitment rate during temporal stages. Previous studies have demonstrated that phosphotidyilinositols play a role in regulating FA turnover. However, a little attention has been given to quantify the dynamics changes of Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns (3,4,5) P3) within and during fast and slow turnover rates of FA. METHODS In this study, we developed a protein purification MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was used as a model in this study due to high metastatic and motile. These cells were co-transfected with GFP- paxillin/vinculin, as FA marker, and the GFP/mCherry-Btk-PH, as a biosensor to visualize PtdIns (3,4,5) P3. Confocal time-lapse images were used to monitor changes or differences in the local generation of PtdIns (3,4,5) P3 within and during assembly and disassembly of FA. Following transfection, immunostaining was used to examine the spatial co-localization between FA and PtdIns (3,4,5) P3. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that PtdIns (3,4,5) P3 co-localized with FAs and increase during assembly and decline during disassembly of FA which exhibits slow turnover rates and was in a constant level during assembly and disassembly of FA that displays fast turnover rates. DISCUSSION Our result suggested that the dynamic changes of PtdIns (3,4,5) P3, it may depend on components undergo turnover, such that early, nascent FA displays fast turnover rates and mature FA exhibits slow turnover rates. Thus, the local enrichment of PtdIns (3,4,5) P3 enhances FA assembly and disassembly activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurgham Al-Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq.
| | - Firas Alyaseen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed Al-Amery
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq.
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Osmanian Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mote Srinath
- Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Osmanian Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | | | - Yahya Abbas
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, 64001 Iraq.
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Al-Fahad D, Al-Harbi B, Abbas Y, Al-Yaseen F. A Comparative Study to Visualize PtdIns(4,5) P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5) P3 in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:518-526. [PMID: 35291610 PMCID: PMC8903368 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5) P3) and Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5) P2] form an insignificant amount of phospholipids but play important roles in controlling membrane-bound signalling. Little attention has been given to visualize and monitor changes or differences in the local generation of PtdIns(4,5) P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5) P3 in the cell membranes of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. METHODS PLCδ1-PH-GFP and Btk-PH-GFP were used as biosensors to detected PtdIns(4,5) P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 respectively. These biosensors and antibodies were transfected, immuostained and then visualized by confocal microscopy on different cell surfaces. RESULTS Our results showed that PLCδ1-PH-GFP/mCherry was localized at the cell membrane, while Btk-PH-GFP/mCherry was sometimes localized at the cell membrane but there was also a large amount of fluorescence present in the cytosol and nucleus. Our results also showed that the cells that expressed low levels of Btk-PH-GFP the fluorescence was predominantly localised to the cell membrane. While the cells that expressed high levels of Btk-PH-GFP the fluorescence was localization in the cytosol and cell membrane. Our results demonstrated that both anti-PtdIns(4,5)P2 and anti-PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 antibodies were localized everywhere in cell. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PLCδ1-PH-GFP and Btk-PH-GFP/mCherry have more specificity, reliability, suitability and accuracy than antibodies in binding with and detecting PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and in studying the molecular dynamics of phospholipids in live and fixed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurgham Al-Fahad
- Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq.
| | - Bandar Al-Harbi
- Department of clinical laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail 81411, Saudia Arabia.
| | - Yahya Abbas
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq.
| | - Firas Al-Yaseen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq.
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