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Footner E, Firipis K, Liu E, Baker C, Foley P, Kapsa RMI, Pirogova E, O'Connell C, Quigley A. Layer-by-Layer Analysis of In Vitro Skin Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5933-5952. [PMID: 37791888 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In vitro human skin models are evolving into versatile platforms for the study of skin biology and disorders. These models have many potential applications in the fields of drug testing and safety assessment, as well as cosmetic and new treatment development. The development of in vitro skin models that accurately mimic native human skin can reduce reliance on animal models and also allow for more precise, clinically relevant testing. Recent advances in biofabrication techniques and biomaterials have led to the creation of increasingly complex, multilayered skin models that incorporate important functional components of skin, such as the skin barrier, mechanical properties, pigmentation, vasculature, hair follicles, glands, and subcutaneous layer. This improved ability to recapitulate the functional aspects of native skin enhances the ability to model the behavior and response of native human skin, as the complex interplay of cell-to-cell and cell-to-material interactions are incorporated. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in in vitro skin models, with a focus on their applications, limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Footner
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Kate Firipis
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Emily Liu
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Chris Baker
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Skin Health Institute, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Peter Foley
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Skin Health Institute, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Cathal O'Connell
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Anita Quigley
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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Santarella F, do Amaral RJFC, Lemoine M, Kelly D, Cavanagh B, Marinkovic M, Smith A, Garlick J, O'Brien FJ, Kearney CJ. Personalized Scaffolds for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing Using Extracellular Matrix from Induced Pluripotent Stem-Reprogrammed Patient Cells. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2200052. [PMID: 36532145 PMCID: PMC9757804 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are chronic wounds sustained by pathological fibroblasts and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM). Porous collagen-based scaffolds (CS) have shown clinical promise for treating DFUs but may benefit from functional enhancements. Our previous work showed fibroblasts differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells are an effective source of new ECM mimicking fetal matrix, which notably promotes scar-free healing. Likewise, functionalizing CS with this rejuvenated ECM showed potential for DFU healing. Here, we demonstrate for the first time an approach to DFU healing using biopsied cells from DFU patients, reprogramming those cells, and functionalizing CS with patient-specific ECM as a personalized acellular tissue engineered scaffold. We took a two-pronged approach: 1) direct ECM blending into scaffold fabrication; and 2) seeding scaffolds with reprogrammed fibroblasts for ECM deposition followed by decellularization. The decellularization approach reduced cell number requirements and maintained naturally deposited ECM proteins. Both approaches showed enhanced ECM deposition from DFU fibroblasts. Decellularized scaffolds additionally enhanced glycosaminoglycan deposition and subsequent vascularization. Finally, reprogrammed ECM scaffolds from patient-matched DFU fibroblasts outperformed those from healthy fibroblasts in several metrics, suggesting ECM is in fact able to redirect resident pathological fibroblasts in DFUs towards healing, and a patient-specific ECM signature may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Santarella
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ronaldo Jose Farias Correa do Amaral
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mark Lemoine
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Domhnall Kelly
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brenton Cavanagh
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Milica Marinkovic
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Avi Smith
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Jonathan Garlick
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- 123 Stephens Green, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathal J Kearney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
- 123 Stephens Green, Kearney Lab/Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Smith MJ, Dempsey SG, Veale RWF, Duston-Fursman CG, Rayner CAF, Javanapong C, Gerneke D, Dowling SG, Bosque BA, Karnik T, Jerram MJ, Nagarajan A, Rajam R, Jowsey A, Cutajar S, Mason I, Stanley RG, Campbell A, Malmstrom J, Miller CH, May BCH. Further structural characterization of ovine forestomach matrix and multi-layered extracellular matrix composites for soft tissue repair. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:996-1010. [PMID: 34747247 PMCID: PMC8721687 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211045770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based biomaterials are of great clinical utility in soft tissue repair applications due to their regenerative properties. Multi-layered dECM devices have been developed for clinical indications where additional thickness and biomechanical performance are required. However, traditional approaches to the fabrication of multi-layered dECM devices introduce additional laminating materials or chemical modifications of the dECM that may impair the biological functionality of the material. Using an established dECM biomaterial, ovine forestomach matrix, a novel method for the fabrication of multi-layered dECM constructs has been developed, where layers are bonded via a physical interlocking process without the need for additional bonding materials or detrimental chemical modification of the dECM. The versatility of the interlocking process has been demonstrated by incorporating a layer of hyaluronic acid to create a composite material with additional biological functionality. Interlocked composite devices including hyaluronic acid showed improved in vitro bioactivity and moisture retention properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Smith
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandi G Dempsey
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert WF Veale
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Chloe A F Rayner
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chettha Javanapong
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dane Gerneke
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shane G Dowling
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brandon A Bosque
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanvi Karnik
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Jerram
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Arun Nagarajan
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ravinder Rajam
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alister Jowsey
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samuel Cutajar
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Isaac Mason
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roderick G Stanley
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmstrom
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris H Miller
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barnaby C H May
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wang Y, Feng Q, Li Z, Bai X, Wu Y, Liu Y. Evaluating the Effect of Integra Seeded with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells or Fibroblasts in Wound Healing. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:629-635. [PMID: 32394832 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200512104004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive loss of skin in burn patients can have devastating consequences, both physically and mentally. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and fibroblasts are known to play significant roles in the process of wound healing. Recently, bioengineered skin has been considered for wound healing purposes. METHODS Investigate the effect of Integra seeded with ADSCs, fibroblasts, or both on wound healing. RESULTS We found that when Integra is seeded with ADSCs and fibroblasts, both types of cells incorporate and proliferate, the phenomenon becoming more robust when the cells are co-cultured on Integra, both in vitro; and in vivo;. In addition, when these cells are seeded on Integra, they stimulate epithelization with no signs of inflammation and skin necrosis being observed when transplanted on animals for 7 days. CONCLUSION ADSCs and fibroblasts seeded on Integra could decrease the number of α-SMA positive myofibroblasts, leading to scarless wound healing. The evidence from this study is strongly supportive that Integra seeded with ADSCs and fibroblasts is an appropriate and effective bioengineered skin for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Quanrui Feng
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Lim Y, Lee H, Woodby B, Valacchi G. Ozonated Oils and Cutaneous Wound Healing. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2264-2278. [PMID: 31267858 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190702100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound tissue repair is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. Improvement in this process is necessary to effectively treat several pathologies characterized by a chronic delayed wound closure, such as in diabetes, and the investigation of new approaches aimed to ameliorate the wound healing process is under continuous evolution. Recently, the usage of vegetable matrices in the form of ozonated oils has been proposed, and several researchers have shown positive effects on wound healing, due to the bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties of these ozonated oils. In the present review, we intend to summarize the actual state of the art of the topical usage of ozonated oil in cutaneous wounds with special emphasis to the importance of the ozonated degree of the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Heaji Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Plant for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis Research Center, North Carolina State University, 28081, NC, United States
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Plant for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis Research Center, North Carolina State University, 28081, NC, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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6
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Kinetic Cytokine Secretion Profile of LPS-Induced Inflammation in the Human Skin Organ Culture. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040299. [PMID: 32218380 PMCID: PMC7238050 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several in vitro models that mimic different aspects of local skin inflammation exist. The use of ex vivo human skin organ culture (HSOC) has been reported previously. However, comprehensive evaluation of the cytokine secretory capacity of the system and its kinetics has not been performed. Objective: the aim of the current study was to investigate the levels and secretion pattern of key cytokine from human skin tissue upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. HSOC maintained in an air–liquid interface was used. Epidermal and tissue viability was monitored by MTT and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay, respectively. Cytokine levels were examined by ELISA and multiplex array. HSOCs were treated without or with three different LPS subtypes and the impact on IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was evaluated. The compounds enhanced the secreted levels of both cytokines. However, differences were observed in their efficacy and potency. Next, a kinetic multiplex analysis was performed on LPS-stimulated explants taken from three different donors to evaluate the cytokine secretion pattern during 0–72 h post-induction. The results revealed that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and IL-1β were up-regulated by LPS stimuli. IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was also induced by LPS, but exhibited a different secretion pattern, peak time and maximal stimulation values. IL-1α and IL-15 showed donor-specific changes. Lastly, dexamethasone attenuated cytokine secretion in five independent repetitions, supporting the ability of the system to be used for drug screening. The collective results demonstrate that several cytokines can be used as valid inflammatory markers, regardless of changes in the secretion levels due to donor’s specific alterations.
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7
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Garcia-Orue I, Santos-Vizcaino E, Etxabide A, Uranga J, Bayat A, Guerrero P, Igartua M, de la Caba K, Hernandez RM. Development of Bioinspired Gelatin and Gelatin/Chitosan Bilayer Hydrofilms for Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E314. [PMID: 31277455 PMCID: PMC6680716 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we developed a novel gelatin-based bilayer wound dressing. We used different crosslinking agents to confer unique properties to each layer, obtaining a bioinspired multifunctional hydrofilm suitable for wound healing. First, we produced a resistant and non-degradable upper layer by lactose-mediated crosslinking of gelatin, which provided mechanical support and protection to overall design. For the lower layer, we crosslinked gelatin with citric acid, resulting in a porous matrix with a great swelling ability. In addition, we incorporated chitosan into the lower layer to harness its wound healing ability. FTIR and SEM analyses showed that lactose addition changed the secondary structure of gelatin, leading to a more compact and smoother structure than that obtained with citric acid. The hydrofilm was able to swell 384.2 ± 57.2% of its dry weight while maintaining mechanical integrity. Besides, its water vapour transmission rate was in the range of commercial dressings (1381.5 ± 108.6 g/m2·day). In vitro, cytotoxicity assays revealed excellent biocompatibility. Finally, the hydrofilm was analysed through an ex vivo wound healing assay in human skin. It achieved similar results to the control in terms of biocompatibility and wound healing, showing suitable characteristics to be used as a wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itxaso Garcia-Orue
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alaitz Etxabide
- BIOMAT Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jone Uranga
- BIOMAT Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
| | - Pedro Guerrero
- BIOMAT Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Koro de la Caba
- BIOMAT Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Nicoletti G, Saler M, Villani L, Rumolo A, Tresoldi MM, Faga A. Platelet Rich Plasma Enhancement of Skin Regeneration in an ex-vivo Human Experimental Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:2. [PMID: 30701173 PMCID: PMC6343075 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the development of an original, ex-vivo wounded skin culture protocol using autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and enriched Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). Human skin samples obtained from specimens harvested during reduction mammoplasty procedures, were injured in their central portion—to create a standard wound—and cultured under three different conditions: – enriched DMEM with saline solution in the central wound (control) – enriched DMEM with the same medium in the central wound – enriched DMEM plus 2.5% autologous PRP, with the same PRP added medium in the central wound. Morphological analysis was carried out at 0 h (T0) and on days 1, 3, 5 and 10 (T1-T3-T5-T10) using Hematoxylin and Eosin; Masson's trichrome staining; Weigert staining and Ki-67 staining to identify the skin histological features in the different experimental conditions. The combination of DMEM and PRP allowed a favorable modulation of the epithelial cells and fibroblasts proliferation, and a relevant anti-inflammatory action. PRP also demonstrated an inhibitory effect on both the collagen and elastic fibers' de-structuration and a favorable modulation of the re-organization of these fibers. The step by step histological and immune-histo-chemical regenerative effects of PRP on human skin wound repair and regeneration process was observed over a period of 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Nicoletti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Advanced Technologies for Regenerative Medicine and Inductive Surgery Research Center, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Saler
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Villani
- Pathological Anatomy and Histology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Agnese Rumolo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Mario Tresoldi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Faga
- Advanced Technologies for Regenerative Medicine and Inductive Surgery Research Center, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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9
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Stone R, Wall JT, Natesan S, Christy RJ. PEG-Plasma Hydrogels Increase Epithelialization Using a Human Ex Vivo Skin Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103156. [PMID: 30322172 PMCID: PMC6213988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell culture methods are used extensively to study cellular migration, proliferation, and differentiation, which play major roles in wound healing but the results often do not translate to the in vivo environment. One alternative would be to establish an ex vivo model utilizing human discarded skin to evaluate therapies in a more natural setting. The purpose of this study was to institute such a model by creating ‘wounds’ in the center of a piece of discarded skin and treating them with three different biomaterials: collagen, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-fibrin, or PEG-platelet free plasma (PFP). Explants were cultured for 14 days with supernatant and microscopy images collected every 3 days to assess cytotoxicity and epithelialization. After 14 days, the explants were fixed, sectioned, and stained for cytokeratin-10 (CK-10), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and wheat germ (WG). Compared to controls, similar levels of cytotoxicity were detected for 12 days which decreased slightly at day 14. The PEG-PFP hydrogel-treated wounds epithelialized faster than other treatments at days 6 to 14. A 6-8 cell layer thick CK-10+ stratified epidermis had developed over the PEG-PFP hydrogel and cells co-stained by WG and α-SMA were observed within the hydrogel. An ex vivo model was established that can be used practically to screen different therapies exploring wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph Stone
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-6315, USA.
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10
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Acellular dermal matrix and heel reconstruction: a new prospective. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e376-e381. [PMID: 28525675 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heel reconstruction represents a challenge for all plastic surgeons due to the anatomical and functional features of this weight-bearing area. In the last decade a combined use of acellular dermal matrices and skin grafts has been proposed as a reliable and less invasive alternative for complex wound management; nevertheless only a few cases have been reported in the literature. METHODS We describe the long-term outcome of 2 cases of severe degloving trauma of the plantar region with massive soft tissue defects of the foot, that underwent surgical reconstruction with artificial dermis and skin grafts. At the fifth year of follow-up, both patients underwent a clinical and a computerized gait analysis to study their functional outcomes and the kinematics of their gait. RESULTS Both patients recovered functional ambulation and returned to their own work and vocational activities, showing a symmetric gait and parameters of upright posture fully comparable to normality. CONCLUSIONS Despite the initial concerns about the use of acellular dermal matrices and skin grafts for this kind of injury, they seem to be a simple and safe alternative for weight-bearing reconstruction of the degloved foot. The authors believe that the current study yields useful information and reassurance about their long-term reliability.
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Development of polymeric functionally graded scaffolds: a brief review. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e107-e121. [PMID: 28009418 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been a growing interest in multilayer scaffolds fabrication approaches. In fact, functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) provide biological and mechanical functions potentially similar to those of native tissues. Based on the final application of the scaffold, there are different properties (physical, mechanical, biochemical, etc.) which need to gradually change in space. Therefore, a number of different technologies have been investigated, and often combined, to customize each region of the scaffolds as much as possible, aiming at achieving the best regenerative performance.In general, FGSs can be categorized as bilayered or multilayered, depending on the number of layers in the whole structure. In other cases, scaffolds are characterized by a continuous gradient of 1 or more specific properties that cannot be related to the presence of clearly distinguished layers. Since each traditional approach presents peculiar advantages and disadvantages, FGSs are good candidates to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. In contrast to the reviews reported in the literature, which usually focus on the application of FGS, this brief review provides an overview of the most common strategies adopted to prepare FGS.
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