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Benmokhtar S, Laraqui A, Hilali F, Bajjou T, El Zaitouni S, Jafari M, Baba W, Elannaz H, Lahlou IA, Hafsa C, Oukabli M, Mahfoud T, Tanz R, Ichou M, Ennibi K, Dakka N, Sekhsokh Y. RAS/RAF/MAPK Pathway Mutations as Predictive Biomarkers in Middle Eastern Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2024; 18:11795549241255651. [PMID: 38798959 PMCID: PMC11128178 DOI: 10.1177/11795549241255651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This review article aims to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of rat sarcoma (RAS) and V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B (BRAF) mutations, and their connection with geographical location, clinicopathological features, and other relevant factors in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the Middle East. Methods A systematic literature review, employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, was conducted to investigate the association between the frequency of relevant mutations and the descriptive clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. Multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched to analyze the relevant literature. Results A total of 19 eligible studies comprising 2960 patients with CRC were included in this review. A comprehensive analysis of the collected literature data as well as descriptive and methodological insights is provided. Men were predominant in reviewed studies for the region, accounting for 58.6%. Overall, RAS mutation prevalence was 38.1%. Kirsten RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) mutations were the most common, accounting for 37.1% of cases and distributed among different exons, with the G12D mutation being the most frequent in exon 2 (23.2%) followed by G12V (13.7%), G13D (10.1%), G12C (5.1%), G12A (5.04%), and G12S (3.6%). Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog (NRAS) mutations were identified in 3.3% of tumor samples, with the most common mutation site located in exons 2, 3, and 4, and codon 61 being the most common location for the region. The total mutation frequency in the BRAF gene was 2.6%, with the V600E mutation being the most common. Conclusion The distribution patterns of RAS and BRAF mutations among CRC patients exhibit notable variations across diverse ethnic groups. Our study sheds light on this phenomenon by demonstrating a higher prevalence of KRAS mutations in CRC patients from the Middle East, as compared with those from other regions. The identification of these mutations and geographical differences is important for personalized treatment planning and could potentially aid in the development of novel targeted therapies. The distinct distribution patterns of RAS and BRAF mutations among CRC patients across different ethnic groups, as well as the regional variability in mutation prevalence, highlight the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Benmokhtar
- Royal School of Military Health Service, Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious, and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Laraqui
- Royal School of Military Health Service, Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious, and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Farida Hilali
- Laboratory of Research and Biosafety P3, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tahar Bajjou
- Laboratory of Research and Biosafety P3, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara El Zaitouni
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Jafari
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Walid Baba
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Elannaz
- Royal School of Military Health Service, Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious, and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Idriss Amine Lahlou
- Royal School of Military Health Service, Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious, and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chahdi Hafsa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Oukabli
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tarik Mahfoud
- Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Tanz
- Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ichou
- Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khaled Ennibi
- Royal School of Military Health Service, Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious, and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nadia Dakka
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassine Sekhsokh
- Laboratory of Research and Biosafety P3, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Mahdi Y, Khmou M, Souadka A, Agouri HE, Ech-Charif S, Mounjid C, Khannoussi BE. Correlation between KRAS and NRAS mutational status and clinicopathological features in 414 cases of metastatic colorectal cancer in Morocco: the largest North African case series. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:193. [PMID: 37277698 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in molecular biology have improved understanding of the molecular features of carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. It is clear that the efficacy of anti-EGFR depends upon the RAS mutational status, since any mutation in RAS is associated with resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. The aim of this study is to report the largest North African description of KRAS and NRAS status in metastatic colorectal cancer and to describe the association of these mutations with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS This is a prospective study of all consecutive unselected metastatic colorectal cancer samples, collected from the Laboratory of Pathology at the National Institute of Oncology of Rabat, Morocco, from January 1st 2020 to December 31st 2021. The molecular analysis was performed on the Idylla™ platform (fully automated real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay) for KRAS and NRAS mutations in exons 2, 3 and 4. These mutations were correlated to gender, primary tumor site, histological type and degree of differentiation of tumor using adequate statistical methods. RESULTS Four hundred fourteen colorectal tumors were screened for KRAS and NRAS mutations. These mutations occurred in 51.7% of tumors for KRAS (mainly in exon 12) and in 3% of tumors for NRAS. There was a significant correlation between NRAS mutation and age of colorectal patients in this study. The low rate of invalid RAS tests (1.7% for KRAS and 3.1% for NRAS) was certainly obtained due to the strict respect of pre-analytical factors such as cold ischemia time and formalin fixation. CONCLUSION We report the largest North African analysis of NRAS and KRAS status in colorectal metastatic patients. This study showed the ability in low middle income countries to perform a high rate of valid tests and the unusual trend towards older patients for NRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Mahdi
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mouna Khmou
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Souadka
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Surgical Oncology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hajar El Agouri
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Chaimaa Mounjid
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPath), Faculty of sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Basma El Khannoussi
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Jafari M, Laraqui A, Baba W, Benmokhtar S, Zaitouni SE, Ali AA, Bounaim A, Moujahid M, Tanz R, Mahfoud T, Sbitti Y, Annaz HE, Abi R, Tagajdid MR, Kochri SE, Lahlou IA, Hsaini HE, Belayachi L, Benjouad A, Ichou M, En-Nya A, Ennibi K. Prevalence and patterns of mutations in RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer in North Africa. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1142. [PMCID: PMC9639273 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our review discuss (i) the findings from analyzed data that have examined KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in North Africa and to compare its prevalence with that shown in other populations and (ii) the possible role of dietary and lifestyle factors with CRC risk. Methods Using electronic databases, a systematic literature search was performed for the KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations in CRC patients from Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Lybia. Results Seventeen studies were identified through electronic searches with six studies conducted in Morocco, eight in Tunisia, two in Algeria, and one in Libya. A total of 1843 CRC patients were included 576 (31.3%) in Morocco, 641 (34.8%) in Tunisia, 592 (32.1%) in Algeria, and 34 (1.8%) in Libya. Overall, the average age of patients was 52.7 years old. Patients were predominantly male (56.6%). The mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF were 46.4%, 3.2% and 3.5% of all patients, respectively. A broad range of reported KRAS mutation frequencies have been reported in North Africa countries. The KRAS mutation frequency was 23.9% to 51% in Morocco, 23.1% to 68.2% in Tunisia, 31.4% to 50% in Algeria, and 38.2% in Libya. The G12D was the most frequently identified KRAS exon 2 mutations (31.6%), followed by G12V (25.4%), G13D (15.5%), G12C (10.2%), G12A (6.9%), and G12S (6.4%). G12R, G13V, G13C and G13R are less than 5%. There are important differences among North Africa countries. In Morocco and Tunisia, there is a higher prevalence of G12D mutation in KRAS exon 2 (≈50%). The most frequently mutation type in KRAS exon 3 was Q61L (40%). A59T and Q61E mutations were also found. In KRAS exon 4, the most common mutation was A146T (50%), followed by K117N (33.3%), A146P (8.3%) and A146V (8.3%). Conclusion KRAS mutated CRC patients in North Africa have been identified with incidence closer to the European figures. Beside established anti-CRC treatment, better understanding of the causality of CRC can be established by combining epidemiology and genetic/epigenetic on CRC etiology. This approach may be able to significantly reduce the burden of CRC in North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Jafari
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco ,grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Laraqui
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Walid Baba
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco ,grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Benmokhtar
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara El Zaitouni
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelmounaim Ait Ali
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Bounaim
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mountassir Moujahid
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Tanz
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tarik Mahfoud
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassir Sbitti
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Annaz
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Abi
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Rida Tagajdid
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Safae El Kochri
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Idriss Amine Lahlou
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Houda El Hsaini
- grid.463678.80000 0004 5896 7337International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lamiae Belayachi
- grid.463678.80000 0004 5896 7337International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Benjouad
- grid.463678.80000 0004 5896 7337International Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ichou
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amina En-Nya
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Ennibi
- grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Sequencing Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco ,grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024Center of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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El Asri A, Ouldim K, Bouguenouch L, Sekal M, Moufid FZ, Kampman E, Huybrechts I, Gunter MJ, Abbaoui S, Znati K, Karkouri M, Kinany KE, Hatime Z, Deoula MMS, Chbani L, Zarrouq B, El Rhazi K. Dietary Fat Intake and KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer in a Moroccan Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:318. [PMID: 35057499 PMCID: PMC8779768 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data support an association between diet and mutations in the Kirsten-ras (KRAS) gene involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. This study aimed to explore the associations between fat intake and KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13 in cases of CRC in the Moroccan population. A multicenter case-series study nested in a large-scale Moroccan CRC case-control study was conducted. Among all CRC cases recruited, 151 specimens were available for the DNA mutation analysis. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis) for KRAS mutation status according to the fat intake variables. A KRAS mutation was detected in the CRC tumor of 34.4% of the patients among whom 65.4% had a single mutation at codon 12 and 34.6% had a single mutation at codon 13. Compared to low levels of consumption, a positive association was observed between high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption (>16.9 g/day) and prevalence of KRAS mutations (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.01-4.59). No statistically significant associations were observed for total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and KRAS mutations. The results of this study suggest that PUFA may be relevant in the etiology of CRC, possibly through the generation of G > A transitions at the KRAS oncogene. Further studies are needed to verify and explain this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf El Asri
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (K.E.K.); (Z.H.); (M.M.S.D.); (B.Z.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Karim Ouldim
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Unit, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (K.O.); (L.B.); (F.Z.M.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Fez 20192, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Unit, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (K.O.); (L.B.); (F.Z.M.)
| | - Mohammed Sekal
- Department of Anatomy and Cytopathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Fatima Zahra Moufid
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Unit, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (K.O.); (L.B.); (F.Z.M.)
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, 69000 Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France; (I.H.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France; (I.H.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Sanae Abbaoui
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80035, Morocco;
| | - Kaoutar Znati
- Department of Pathology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10001, Morocco;
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Pathologic Anatomy and Cytology Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca 20360, Morocco;
| | - Khaoula El Kinany
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (K.E.K.); (Z.H.); (M.M.S.D.); (B.Z.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Zineb Hatime
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (K.E.K.); (Z.H.); (M.M.S.D.); (B.Z.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Meimouna Mint Sidi Deoula
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (K.E.K.); (Z.H.); (M.M.S.D.); (B.Z.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Laila Chbani
- Department of Anatomy and Cytopathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Btissame Zarrouq
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (K.E.K.); (Z.H.); (M.M.S.D.); (B.Z.); (K.E.R.)
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teachers Training College (Ecole Normale Superieure), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (K.E.K.); (Z.H.); (M.M.S.D.); (B.Z.); (K.E.R.)
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Rotimi SO, Rotimi OA, Salhia B. A Review of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Studies in Africa. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606400. [PMID: 33659210 PMCID: PMC7917259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is projected to overtake infectious disease as the leading cause of mortality in Africa within the next two decades. Cancer is a group of genomic diseases that presents with intra- and inter-population unique phenotypes, with Black populations having the burden of morbidity and mortality for most types. At large, the prevention and treatment of cancers have been propelled by the understanding of the genetic make-up of the disease of mostly non-African populations. By the same token, there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the underlying genetic causes of, and genomic alterations associated with, cancer among black Africans. Accordingly, we performed a review of the literature to survey existing studies on cancer genetics/genomics and curated findings pertaining to publications across multiple cancer types conducted on African populations. We used PubMed MeSH terms to retrieve the relevant publications from 1990 to December 2019. The metadata of these publications were extracted using R text mining packages: RISmed and Pubmed.mineR. The data showed that only 0.329% of cancer publications globally were on Africa, and only 0.016% were on cancer genetics/genomics from Africa. Although the most prevalent cancers in Africa are cancers of the breast, cervix, uterus, and prostate, publications representing breast, colorectal, liver, and blood cancers were the most frequent in our review. The most frequently reported cancer genes were BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. Next, the genes reported in the reviewed publications’ abstracts were extracted and annotated into three gene ontology classes. Genes in the cellular component class were mostly associated with cell part and organelle part, while those in biological process and molecular function classes were mainly associated with cell process, biological regulation, and binding, and catalytic activity, respectively. Overall, this review highlights the paucity of research on cancer genomics on African populations, identified gaps, and discussed the need for concerted efforts to encourage more research on cancer genomics in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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KRAS and BRAF Mutation Status in Patients with Sporadic Colorectal Cancer: Data from Two Different Mediterranean Countries. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 26:276-7. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2011.8874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Omidifar N, Geramizadeh B, Mirzai M. K-ras Mutation in Colorectal Cancer, A Report from Southern Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 40:454-60. [PMID: 26379353 PMCID: PMC4567606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There are very few studies about K-ras mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) from developing countries such as Iran. It is therefore essential to conduct studies to learn about the molecular signature of such tumors, allowing the determination of an appropriate management plan. In the present study, we aimed to determine the frequency and types of K-ras mutations among patients with CRC in Iran. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of 100 cases of CRC were collected from hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (June 2011 to June 2013). All of the H&E slides were examined and proper slide with a minimum of necrosis and maximum of well-preserved tumor cells (at least 70% tumor in each slide) were selected. Recurrent, metastatic, and post chemotherapy cases were excluded from the study. Mutation of codons 12 and 13 of K-ras gene by PCR was performed, followed by direct sequencing by Sanger method. From 100 eligible cases (55 male and 45 females with mean age of 59 years), 32% had mutant K-ras gene; the most common substitution was 12G>C followed by 12G>A and 13G>A, respectively. It is found that K-ras mutation rate, among the selected population of the southern province of Iran, was as high as 32% (codon 12: 71.8% and in codon 13: 25% and one in both codons: 3.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidifar
- Senior Resident of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Correspondence: Bita Geramizadeh, MD; Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1864, Shiraz, Iran Tel/Fax: +98 71 36474331
| | - Mitra Mirzai
- MS in Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sekal M, Ameurtesse H, Chbani L, Ouldim K, Bennis S, Abkari M, Boulouz A, Benajah DA, Benjelloun B, Ousadden A, Ait Taleb K, Ait Laalim S, Toghrai I, Mazaz K, Arifi S, Mellas N, El Rhazi K, Harmouch T, Ibrahimi SA, Amarti Riffi A. Epigenetics could explain some Moroccan population colorectal cancers peculiarities: microsatellite instability pathway exploration. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:77. [PMID: 26104511 PMCID: PMC4477595 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal Cancers (CRC) are one of the most common malignancies in the world. Their incidence in Morocco, between 2005 and 2007, was 5.6 for 100000 inhabitants, which is very low compared to what found in developed countries. In addition, CRCs show a high frequency of rectal localizations, and occurs in a younger population in Morocco compared to what found in developed countries. The purpose of this study is to confirm these CRC peculiarities in Morocco and try to explain them by exploring the microsatellite instability molecular pathway. Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted since January 2010, including 385 patients admitted in Hassan II University Hospital of Fez. We collected clinical, radiological and pathological data. We investigated the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in 214 patients and BRAF gene mutations in 159 patients. Results Mean age was 55.08 +/− 15.16 years. 36.5 % of patients were less than 50 years old and 49.3 % of tumors were localized in the rectum. Loss of MMR protein expression was observed in 11.2 % of cases. It was independently associated with individual or family history of cancer belonging to Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) spectrum (p = 0.01) and proximal localization (p = 0.02). No BRAF mutation was detected in all cases. Conclusions These results confirm the high occurrence of CRCs to young patients and the high frequency of rectal localizations in Moroccan population. They mostly show an absence of BRAF mutation, supposing a rarity of MLH1 promoter hypermethylation pathway, which may even partially explain the CRC peculiarities in our context. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5868184711716884
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sekal
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Hassania Ameurtesse
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Laila Chbani
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Karim Ouldim
- Department of molecular genetics, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Sanae Bennis
- Department of molecular genetics, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mohammed Abkari
- Department of gastroenterology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Amal Boulouz
- Department of molecular genetics, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Dafr Allah Benajah
- Department of gastroenterology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Basher Benjelloun
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmalek Ousadden
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Ait Taleb
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Said Ait Laalim
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Imane Toghrai
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Mazaz
- Department of visceral surgery, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Samia Arifi
- Department of oncology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Nawfel Mellas
- Department of oncology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Department of epidemiology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Taoufiq Harmouch
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- Department of gastroenterology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Afaf Amarti Riffi
- Department of pathology, University hospital Hassan II of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
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9
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Liu YP, Wu HY, Yang X, Xu HQ, Chen D, Huang Q, Fu WL. Diagnostic accuracy of high resolution melting analysis for detection of KRAS mutations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7521. [PMID: 25515911 PMCID: PMC4268648 DOI: 10.1038/srep07521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a negative correlation between KRAS mutations and patients' responses to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment. Therefore, patients must undergo KRAS mutation detection to be eligible for treatment. High resolution melting analysis (HRM) is gaining increasing attention in KRAS mutation detection. However, its accuracy has not been systematically evaluated. We conducted a meta-analysis of published articles, involving 13 articles with 1,520 samples, to assess its diagnostic accuracy compared with DNA sequencing. The quality of included articles was assessed using the revised Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy (QUADAS-2) tools. Random effects models were applied to analyze the performance of pooled characteristics. The overall sensitivity and specificity of HRM were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.00) and 0.96 (95%CI: 0.94-0.97), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.996. High sensitivity and specificity, less labor, rapid turn-around and the closed-tube format of HRM make it an attractive choice for rapid detection of KRAS mutations in clinical practice. The burden of DNA sequencing can be reduced dramatically by the implementation of HRM, but positive results still need to be sequenced for diagnostic confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ping Liu
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine, 477TH Hospital of PLA, Xiangyang City, 400013, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Han-Qing Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Wei-Ling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
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Chen D, Wang YY, Chuai ZR, Huang JF, Wang YX, Liu K, Zhang LQ, Yang Z, Shi DC, Liu Q, Huang Q, Fu WL. High-resolution melting analysis for accurate detection of BRAF mutations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4168. [PMID: 24566771 PMCID: PMC3933866 DOI: 10.1038/srep04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRMA) might be a good alternative method for rapid detection of BRAF mutations. However, the accuracy of HRMA in detection of BRAF mutations has not been systematically evaluated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis involving 1324 samples from 14 separate studies. The overall sensitivity of HRMA was 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75–0.82), and the overall specificity was very high at 0.99 (95% CI = 0.94–0.98). The values for the pooled positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 68.01 (95% CI = 25.33–182.64), 0.06 (95% CI = 0.03–0.11), and1263.76 (95% CI = 393.91–4064.39), respectively. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve for the same data shows an area of 1.00 and a Q* value of 0.97. The high sensitivity and specificity, simplicity, low cost, less labor or time and rapid turnaround make HRMA a good alternative method for rapid detection of BRAF mutations in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Research and service centre of laboratory medicine, Chengdu Military general Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zheng-Ran Chuai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jun-Fu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yun-Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Da-Chuan Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wei-Ling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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