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Gerrickens MW, Yadav R, Vaes RH, Scheltinga MR. A scoping review on surgical reduction of high flow arteriovenous haemodialysis access. J Vasc Access 2024; 25:728-744. [PMID: 36428291 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221138361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Volume flow (Qa) > 1.5-2 l /minQa in arteriovenous accesses may be associated with high flow related systemic or locoregional complications. A variety of surgical techniques are advocated for Qa reduction. Aim of this scoping review is to provide an overview of available evidence regarding the efficacy of this broad spectrum of interventions for Qa reduction in patients with a high flow haemodialysis access. PubMed and Embase were searched according to PRISMA-guidelines. Studies on invasive management of HFA were selected. Inclusion required an English description of surgical techniques in human HFAs including pre- and postoperative access flow-values. Sixty-six studies on 940 patients (mean age 56 years (3-90 years), male 62%, diabetes mellitus 26%, brachial artery-based arteriovenous access 65%) fulfilled inclusion criteria. Performed techniques were banding (58%), revision using distal inflow (12%), plication/anastomoplasty (10%), graft interposition (5%), proximal radial artery ligation (3%), aneurysm repair (4%), or miscellaneous other techniques (8%). Definition of HFA, work-up, indication for surgery and intraoperative monitoring were diverse. All techniques reduced Qa on the short term (mean drop 0.9-1.7 l/min). Secondary access patency rates varied between 70% and 93% (mean follow-up 15 (0-189) months). Definitions of success and recurrence varied widely precluding a comparison of efficacy of techniques. Patient specific factors legitimizing invasive treatment for HFA are discussed. Recommendations on reporting standards when dealing with HFA surgery are provided. In conclusion, the present report on the current management of high flow access does not allow for drawing any definite conclusions due to a lack of standardization in definition, indications for surgical intervention and techniques. Randomized trials comparing different Qa reducing techniques in symptomatic patients are warranted, as are trials comparing a wait-and-see approach versus Qa reduction in asymptomatic patients. As an overview of the variety of techniques was lacking, this scoping review might serve as a map for future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reshabh Yadav
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Hd Vaes
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Rm Scheltinga
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
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Borghese O, Pisani A, Centa ID. The Results of The Interposition Graft-Technique in Treatment of High Flow Vascular Access. Ann Vasc Surg 2021; 79:233-238. [PMID: 34644630 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-flow (HF) vascular access (VA) is a fearsome condition potentially responsible for cardiac or pulmonary complications, steal syndrome and hand ischemia. The present study was conducted to report the results achieved in a group of patients undergoing interposition-graft technique to treat HF. MATERIALS AND METHODS An analysis of clinical, ultrasound and echocardiography data collected from the review of medical charts was performed. Flow reduction, complications and need for secondary interventions were investigated. RESULTS Among a total 498 hemodialysis access interventions performed during a 6-years period, 30 patients (n 15, 50% male, median age 63.5, range 42-91 years) presented with high-flow (median flow 1.9 L/min, range 1.5-4 L/min). 18 patients were asymptomatic (60%); 6 (20%) suffered from a severe distal hand ischemia; 5 (16.6%) developed signs of congestive heart failure and 1 patient (3.3%) presented with pulmonary hypertension. In twenty patients (66.7%) the access was preserved by the interposition of a 6 mm polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) prosthesis. This approach was used as a primary flow reduction technique in 16 patients (80%) or the failure of a previously attempted procedure in 4 cases. No intraoperative complications were observed. Post-operative median VA flow was 1.1 L/min (range 0.900-2 L/min), with a median flow reduction of 0.770 L/min (range 0.100-2.8 L/min). At a median follow-up of 9 months (range 1-42), 95% (n 19) of patients were free from recurrences. CONCLUSION In treatment of HF-VA graft interposition demonstrated satisfactory results at the mid-term follow-up. More data are needed to affirm this technique as the preferential one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Borghese
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.; PhD school in angio-cardio-thoracic pathophysiology and imaging, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Pisani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno Italy.; PhD school in angio-cardio-thoracic pathophysiology and imaging, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Horst VD, Nelson PR, Mallios A, Kempe K, Pandit V, Kim H, Jennings WC. Avoiding hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia. J Vasc Access 2020; 22:786-794. [PMID: 32715859 DOI: 10.1177/1129729820943464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely creation and maintenance of a safe and reliable vascular access is essential for hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. Hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia (HAIDI) is a recognized complication of arteriovenous fistulas and grafts that may result in serious or even devastating consequences. Avoiding such complications is clearly preferred over treatment of HAIDI once established. Proper recognition of patients at increased risk of HAIDI includes careful pre-operative evaluation of the patient's medical and surgical history along with physical examination and imaging to determine a plan for creating a functional permanent access while minimizing the risk of distal ischemia. Our aim is to review identifying characteristics of individuals at risk of HAIDI and provide recommendations regarding pre-operative assessment. Vascular access options and techniques are suggested for establishing a functional vascular access without distal ischemia for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon D Horst
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Peter R Nelson
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Kelly Kempe
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Viraj Pandit
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Hyein Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - William C Jennings
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Mallios A, Beathard GA, Jennings WC. Early cannulation of percutaneously created arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulae. J Vasc Access 2019; 21:997-1002. [PMID: 31854231 PMCID: PMC7675762 DOI: 10.1177/1129729819892796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The optimal vascular access for most dialysis patients is an arteriovenous fistula and the recognized appropriate process of care for the chronic kidney disease patient is to have the access in place ready for use when renal replacement therapy is required. Unfortunately, as a result of multiple barriers, most patients start dialysis with a catheter and many experience multiple interventions. The recent advent of the percutaneous arteriovenous fistula may offer at least a partial solution to these problems. The purpose of this study was to report of the results of early cannulation of the percutaneous arteriovenous fistula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Early cannulation, less than 14 days post creation, was performed in 14 cases in order to avoid an initial catheter or continued use of a problematic catheter for dialysis. Immediately post access creation, blood flow ranged from 491 to 1169 mL/min (mean = 790 mL/min). Ultrasound was used to map potential cannulation sites prior to use. Cannulation was performed using plastic fistula cannulas. RESULTS Early cannulation was successful in this cohort of cases except for one cannulation complication. Dialysis treatments were otherwise uncomplicated. Primary patency at 3, 6, and 12 months was 76%, 76%, and 66%, respectively. Assisted primary patency for the same intervals was 100%, 100%, and 91%, respectively. Cumulative patency was 100% at all three-time intervals. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the possibility of successful early cannulation with a percutaneous arteriovenous fistula can be considered as an additional factor in making this access a reasonable alternative for a surgically created arteriovenous fistula in appropriate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mallios
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | | | - William C Jennings
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Mallios A, Beathard GA, Jennings WC. Early cannulation of percutaneously created arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulae. J Vasc Access 2019. [PMID: 31854231 DOI: 10.1177/1129729819892796.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The optimal vascular access for most dialysis patients is an arteriovenous fistula and the recognized appropriate process of care for the chronic kidney disease patient is to have the access in place ready for use when renal replacement therapy is required. Unfortunately, as a result of multiple barriers, most patients start dialysis with a catheter and many experience multiple interventions. The recent advent of the percutaneous arteriovenous fistula may offer at least a partial solution to these problems. The purpose of this study was to report of the results of early cannulation of the percutaneous arteriovenous fistula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Early cannulation, less than 14 days post creation, was performed in 14 cases in order to avoid an initial catheter or continued use of a problematic catheter for dialysis. Immediately post access creation, blood flow ranged from 491 to 1169 mL/min (mean = 790 mL/min). Ultrasound was used to map potential cannulation sites prior to use. Cannulation was performed using plastic fistula cannulas. RESULTS Early cannulation was successful in this cohort of cases except for one cannulation complication. Dialysis treatments were otherwise uncomplicated. Primary patency at 3, 6, and 12 months was 76%, 76%, and 66%, respectively. Assisted primary patency for the same intervals was 100%, 100%, and 91%, respectively. Cumulative patency was 100% at all three-time intervals. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the possibility of successful early cannulation with a percutaneous arteriovenous fistula can be considered as an additional factor in making this access a reasonable alternative for a surgically created arteriovenous fistula in appropriate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mallios
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | | | - William C Jennings
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Abstract
Introduction: We present an unreported cause of banding failure for flow restriction in dramatically enlarged arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). Case series: Four patients operated in different institutions by two different surgeons experienced band failure within 6 months of the initially successful operation for AVF flow restriction. Prior to the initial banding procedure, each patient’s AVF was noted to have major dilatation of the post-anastomotic segment (>2 cm). All patients required a second operation for flow reduction with reconstruction of the AVF anastomosis to a tapered, smaller size. During this second procedure, the suture tie used for banding in each patient was found to have eroded a portion of the vessel wall and was extending into the fistula lumen. No thrombosis or bleeding was encountered and all AVFs have remained functional after revision. Conclusions: Identical findings in these four patients suggest that the extensive infolding and caliber diameter reduction created by banding these massively dilated fistulas, when combined with the pulsatility induced in the pre-banding segment, leads to a gradual incorporation of the suture tie into the vessel wall and finally within the lumen. We suggest erosion of banding material and failure of flow reduction may occur with any technique but may be more likely with a single polypropylene suture restricting very large AVF. We suggest such excessively dilated fistulas requiring flow reduction may be successfully treated by reconstruction of the AVF anastomosis to a much smaller size with tapering of the outflow vein to accommodate the revision.
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Hull JE, Jennings WC, Cooper RI, Waheed U, Schaefer ME, Narayan R. The Pivotal Multicenter Trial of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistula Creation for Hemodialysis Access. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018; 29:149-158.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Proximal radial artery arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis vascular access. J Vasc Surg 2018; 67:244-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Proximal Ulnar Artery Arteriovenous Fistula Inflow is an Uncommon but useful Vascular access Option. J Vasc Access 2017; 18:488-491. [DOI: 10.5301/jva.5000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A proximal ulnar artery arteriovenous fistula (PUA-AVF) is a logical vascular access option when the distal ulnar artery is occluded or inadequate in addition to other specific vascular anatomic variants. This study reviews a series of patients where the proximal ulnar artery was used for AVF inflow in establishing a reliable autogenous access for these uncommon patients. Materials and methods All new patients referred for vascular access with a PUA-AVF created during an eight-year period were evaluated. In addition to physical and ultrasound examinations, all patients had an Allen's test performed augmented with Doppler evaluation of the palmer arch. Analysis placed these patients into three anatomic groups: 1) A dominant radial artery with distal ulnar artery occlusive disease; 2) No cephalic or basilic vein option with an isolated and intact brachial vein originating from the ulnar vein for later staged transposition; 3) A proximal radial artery ≤2 mm in diameter and a normal Doppler augmented Allen's test. Results PUA-AVFs were created in 32 new patients during an eight-year period. Primary and cumulative patency rates were 80% and 94% at 12 months and 55% and 81% at 36 months. Follow-up was 2-62 months (mean 14 months). No patients developed steal syndrome during the study period. Conclusions A PUA-AVF is a safe and reliable autogenous access. It is particularly important when the radial artery is the only or dominant arterial supply to the hand, in patients with small but patent radial arteries, and in selected individuals requiring a brachial vein transposition.
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Creating Arteriovenous Fistulas using Surgeon-performed Ultrasound. J Vasc Access 2016; 17:333-9. [DOI: 10.5301/jva.5000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose An arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis and is associated with lower mortality, morbidity and cost when compared with grafts and particularly with central venous dialysis catheters. This study reviews a series of new patients where an autogenous access was constructed for each individual utilizing surgeon-performed ultrasound (SP-US). Methods Consecutive new patients referred for a permanent vascular access during an 11-year period were retrospectively reviewed. In addition to physical examination, each patient underwent SP-US evaluation for preoperative vessel mapping and post-operative evaluation for access maturation. SP-US was also used in the evaluation of access dysfunction in mature AVFs. Results We identified 1874 patients. Ages were 8-94 years (mean 60 years). Of these, 51% were female and 59% were diabetic; 33% had previous failed access operations. Follow-up was 3-127 months (mean 23 months). An autogenous access was constructed for each individual. No grafts were used. Direct AVFs were constructed in 1240 (66%) patients and 634 (34%) individuals required a transposition or translocation procedure. Primary and cumulative patency rates were 60.0% and 93.0% at 12 months and 47.3% and 90.2% at 24 months, respectively. AVF arterial inflow was most commonly supplied by the proximal radial artery (67%). Conclusions Creating a functional autogenous vascular access is possible for most patients. No grafts were used in this series of 1874 consecutive new patients. Important elements for success included SP-US evaluation, utilization of the many vascular access options available, establishing radial artery AVF inflow when feasible, and prompt intervention when indicated.
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One-Year Efficacy of the RUDI Technique for Flow Reduction in High-Flow Autologous Brachial Artery-Based Hemodialysis Vascular Access. J Vasc Access 2015; 16 Suppl 9:S96-101. [DOI: 10.5301/jva.5000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Flow reduction is advised in hemodialysis (HD) patients with a high-flow (>2 L/min) arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The revision using distal inflow (RUDI) technique is based on the premise that access flow is attenuated once inflow is provided by a smaller caliber forearm artery. Aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of RUDI during a 1-year follow-up. Methods All HD patients undergoing a RUDI operation using a greater saphenous vein (GSV) or a basilic vein (BaV) interposition for a high-flow access (HFA, >2 L/min) during a 3.5-year time period were included. Serial access flow, percentage of freedom from recurrent high flow and complications were determined. Results A total of 19 HFA patients were studied (11 males, age 55 ± 3 years). All AVFs were brachial artery based (brachiocephalic, n = 14; brachiobasilic, n = 5). RUDI immediately reduced access flow by almost 2 L/min (3,080 ± 200 to 1,170 ± 160 mL/min (p = 0.001)). Access flows at 1, 6 and 12 months were 1,150 ± 160, 1,460 ± 200 and 1,580 ± 260 mL/min, respectively. Postoperative complications included insufficient flow reduction (n = 1, BaV) and occlusion requiring revision (n = 1, GSV). Recurrent HFA occurred three times (n = 2 BaV, n = 1 GSV). Access flows were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the BaV group compared to the GSV group. Conclusions RUDI effectively reduces access flow in a brachial artery-based high-flow HD vascular access. A flow-reducing effect is sustained at 1-year follow-up in most patients. GSV is preferred as an interposition graft compared to a BaV.
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Open Repair and Venous Inflow Plication of the Arteriovenous Fistula Is Effective in Treating Vascular Steal Syndrome. Ann Vasc Surg 2015; 29:927-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sequeira
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Department of Medicine; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Shreveport Louisiana
| | - Tze-Woei Tan
- Division of Vascular surgery; Department of Surgery; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Shreveport Louisiana
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The optimal initial choice for permanent arteriovenous hemodialysis access. J Vasc Surg 2013; 58:539-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jennings W, Brown R, Blebea J, Taubman K, Messiner R. Prevention of vascular access hand ischemia using the axillary artery as inflow. J Vasc Surg 2013; 58:1305-9. [PMID: 23810298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avoiding dialysis access-associated ischemic steal syndrome (DASS) in patients with upper extremity peripheral vascular occlusive disease while creating a functional hemodialysis vascular access may be challenging. We constructed an autogenous access with primary proximalization of the arterial inflow to prevent hand ischemia in patients at high risk for this complication. METHODS Patients requiring hemodialysis access with physical findings suggesting a high risk of access-related hand ischemia (absent radial, ulnar, and brachial palpable pulses associated with small calcified vessels by ultrasound examination) underwent a primary arteriovenous fistula transposition procedure utilizing the axillary artery for inflow. The arteriovenous fistula was either a reversed flow basilic vein transposition supplemented by valvulotomy (n = 22); a translocated reversed basilic vein (n = 4); a cephalic vein harvested into the forearm and placed in a loop configuration for axillary artery inflow (n = 3); or a translocated reversed saphenous vein (n = 1). RESULTS Thirty patients with a mean age of 60 years (range, 31-83 years) underwent successful primary axillary artery inflow procedures during a 3-year period. Of these, 23 (77%) were female and 25 (83%) were diabetic. Twenty-one (70%) had previous vascular access procedures and 10 (33%) were obese. No patient developed postoperative ischemia. Three individuals died 2, 14, and 19 months following surgery, none related to vascular access. Three accesses failed after 1, 5, and 7 months and could not be salvaged. Life-table primary, primary assisted, and cumulative patency rates were 57%, 78%, and 87% respectively at 1 year with a mean follow-up of 7 months (range, 1-25 months). Cephalic vein outflow was associated with fewer access failures, fewer interventions postoperatively, and lower rates of arm swelling (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Creating a basilic vein transposition for vascular access utilizing axillary artery inflow is a good option for patients with severe peripheral vascular disease. It offers a high patency rate and the prevention of DASS. Retrograde basilic vein outflow through the median cubital and cephalic vein is associated with the best outcome and is the recommended configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jennings
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine-Tulsa, Tulsa, Okla.
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Beathard GA, Spergel LM. Hand Ischemia Associated With Dialysis Vascular Access: An Individualized Access Flow-based Approach to Therapy. Semin Dial 2013; 26:287-314. [DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A. Beathard
- University of Texas Medical Branch and Lifeline Vascular Access; Houston; Texas
| | - Lawrence M. Spergel
- Department of Surgery; Davies Medical Center; and the Dialysis Management Medical Group; San Francisco; California
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Jennings WC, Brown RE, Ruiz C. Primary arteriovenous fistula inflow proximalization for patients at high risk for dialysis access-associated ischemic steal syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54:554-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jennings WC, Taubman KE. Alternative Autogenous Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Access Options. Semin Vasc Surg 2011; 24:72-81. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jennings WC, Landis L, Taubman KE, Parker DE. Creating functional autogenous vascular access in older patients. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53:713-9; discussion 719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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