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Rajkumar DS, Mariswamy AB. Comparative evaluation of Emblica officinalis as an etchant and an MMP inhibitor with orthophosphoric acid and chlorhexidine on the microshear bond strength of composite resin: an ex vivo study. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e36. [PMID: 34513642 PMCID: PMC8411005 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate Emblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry or amla) as an acid etchant and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, and to compare its effect on the microshear bond strength of composite resin with orthophosphoric acid (OPA) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as an acid etchant and MMP inhibitor, respectively. Materials and Methods The etching effect and MMP-inhibiting action of amla on dentin samples were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gelatin zymography, respectively. Dentinal slabs (3 mm thick) from 80 extracted human molars were divided into 10 and 20 samples to form 2 control groups and 3 experimental groups. Groups 1, 2, and 4 were etched with OPA and groups 3 and 5 with amla juice. An MMP inhibitor was then applied: CHX for group 2 and amla extract for groups 4 and 5. Groups 1 and 3 received no MMP inhibitor. All specimens received a standardized bonding protocol and composite resin build-up, and were subjected to microshear bond strength testing. The force at which the fracture occurred was recorded and statistically analyzed. Results Amla juice had a similar etching effect as a self-etch adhesive in SEM and 100% amla extract was found to inhibit MMP-9 by gelatin zymography. The microshear bond strength values of amla were lower than those obtained for OPA and CHX, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Amla has a promising role as an acid etchant and MMP inhibitor, but further studies are necessary to substantiate its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Annapoorna Ballagere Mariswamy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
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Coelho A, Amaro I, Apolónio A, Paula A, Saraiva J, Ferreira MM, Marto CM, Carrilho E. Effect of Cavity Disinfectants on Adhesion to Primary Teeth-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4398. [PMID: 33922376 PMCID: PMC8122819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some authors have been proposing the use of cavity disinfectants in order to reduce, or even eliminate, the effect of the microorganisms present in a dental cavity before a restoration is placed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cavity disinfectants on bond strength and clinical success of composite and glass ionomer restorations on primary teeth. The research was conducted using Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science for articles published up to February 2021. The search was performed according to the PICO strategy. The evaluation of the methodological quality of each in vitro study was assessed using the CONSORT checklist for reporting in vitro studies on dental materials. Sixteen in vitro studies and one in situ study fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chlorhexidine was the most studied cavity disinfectant, and its use does not compromise dentin bonding. Sodium hypochlorite is a promising alternative, but more research on its use is required to clearly state that it can safely be used as a cavity disinfectant for primary teeth. Although other disinfectants were studied, there is a low-level evidence attesting their effects on adhesion, therefore their use should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Coelho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Amaro
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Ana Apolónio
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Anabela Paula
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Saraiva
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Endodontics, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pathology, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.A.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (E.C.)
- Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.M.F.); (C.M.M.)
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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