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Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. From inside to outside: exploring extracellular antimicrobial histone-derived peptides as multi-talented molecules. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024:10.1038/s41429-024-00744-0. [PMID: 38871806 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses a global health threat, necessitating innovative solutions. The contemporary challenge lies in bacterial resistance, impacting morbidity, mortality, and global economies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a promising avenue for addressing antibiotic resistance. The Antimicrobial Peptide Database catalogs 3569 peptides from various organisms, representing a rich resource for drug development. Histones, traditionally recognized for their role in nucleosome structures, have gained attention for their extracellular functions, including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. This review aims to thoroughly investigate antimicrobial peptides derived from histones in various organisms, elucidating their mechanisms. In addition, it gives us clues about how extracellular histones might be used in drug delivery systems to fight bacterial infections. This comprehensive analysis emphasizes the importance of histone-derived peptides in developing innovative therapeutic strategies for evolving bacterial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Grupo de investigación en Nanobiomateriales, Ingeniería Celular y Bioimpresión (GINIB), Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Juan C Cruz
- Grupo de investigación en Nanobiomateriales, Ingeniería Celular y Bioimpresión (GINIB), Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Wang H, Liao Z, Yang Z, Xiao W, Yang Z, He J, Zhang X, Yan X, Tang C. Histone derived antimicrobial peptides identified from Mytilus coruscus serum by peptidomics. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109546. [PMID: 38614412 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Histones and their N-terminal or C-terminal derived peptides have been studied in vertebrates and presented as potential antimicrobial agents playing important roles in the innate immune defenses. Although histones and their derived peptides had been reported as components of innate immunity in invertebrates, the knowledge about the histone derived antimicrobial peptides (HDAPs) in invertebrates are still limited. Using a peptidomic technique, a set of peptide fragments derived from the histones was identified in this study from the serum of microbes challenged Mytilus coruscus. Among the 85 identified histone-derived-peptides with high confidence, 5 HDAPs were chemically synthesized and the antimicrobial activities were verified, showing strong growth inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungus. The gene expression level of the precursor histones matched by representative HDAPs were further tested using q-PCR, and the results showed a significant upregulation of the histone gene expression levels in hemocytes, gill, and mantle of the mussel after immune stress. In addition, three identified HDAPs were selected for preparation of specific antibodies, and the corresponding histones and their derived C-terminal fragments were detected by Western blotting in the blood cell and serum of immune challenged mussel, respectively, indicating the existence of HDAPs in M. coruscus. Our findings revealed the immune function of histones in Mytilus, and confirmed the existence of HDAPs in the mussel. The identified Mytilus HDAPs represent a new source of immune effector with antimicrobial function in the innate immune system, and thus provide promising candidates for the treatment of microbial infections in aquaculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongxin Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhui Xiao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zilin Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyu He
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changsheng Tang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China.
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Velumani K, Arasu A, Issac PK, Kishore Kumar MS, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Advancements of fish-derived peptides for mucormycosis: a novel strategy to treat diabetic compilation. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10485-10507. [PMID: 37917415 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis, an extremely fatal fungal infection, is a major hurdle in the treatment of diabetes consequences. The increasing prevalence and restricted treatment choices urge the investigation of novel therapeutic techniques. Because of their effective antimicrobial characteristics and varied modes of action, fish-derived peptides have lately emerged as viable options in the fight against mucormycosis. This review examines the potential further application of fish-derived peptides in diagnosing and managing mucormycosis in relation to diabetic complications. First, we examine the pathophysiology of mucormycosis and the difficulties in treating it in diabetics. We emphasize the critical need for alternative therapeutic methods for tackling the limitations of currently available antifungal medicines. The possibility of fish-derived peptides as an innovative approach to combat mucormycosis is then investigated. These peptides, derived from several fish species, provide wide antimicrobial properties against a variety of diseases. They also have distinct modes of action, such as rupture of cell membranes, suppression of development, and modification of the host immunological response. Furthermore, we investigate the problems and prospects connected with the clinical application of fish-derived peptides. Ultimately, future advances in fish-derived peptides, offer interesting avenues for the management of mucormycosis in the context of diabetic comorbidities. More research and clinical trials are needed to properly investigate these peptide's therapeutic potential and pave the way for their adoption into future antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadhirmathiyan Velumani
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
| | - Abirami Arasu
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India.
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC), Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Silva Dos Santos F, Neves RAF, Bernay B, Krepsky N, Teixeira VL, Artigaud S. The first use of LC-MS/MS proteomic approach in the brown mussel Perna perna after bacterial challenge: Searching for key proteins on immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108622. [PMID: 36803779 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The brown mussel Perna perna is a valuable fishing resource, primarily in tropical and subtropical coastal regions. Because of their filter-feeding habits, mussels are directly exposed to bacteria in the water column. Escherichia coli (EC) and Salmonella enterica (SE) inhabit human guts and reach the marine environment through anthropogenic sources, such as sewage. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is indigenous to coastal ecosystems but can be harmful to shellfish. In this study, we aimed to assess the protein profile of the hepatopancreas of P. perna mussel challenged by introduced - E. coli and S. enterica - and indigenous marine bacteria - V. parahaemolyticus. Bacterial-challenge groups were compared with non-injected (NC) and injected control (IC) - that consisted in mussels not challenged and mussels injected with sterile PBS-NaCl, respectively. Through LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis, 3805 proteins were found in the hepatopancreas of P. perna. From the total, 597 were significantly different among conditions. Mussels injected with VP presented 343 proteins downregulated compared with all the other conditions, suggesting that VP suppresses their immune response. Particularly, 31 altered proteins - upregulated or downregulated - for one or more challenge groups (EC, SE, and VP) compared with controls (NC and IC) are discussed in detail in the paper. For the three tested bacteria, significantly different proteins were found to perform critical roles in immune response at all levels, namely: recognition and signal transduction; transcription; RNA processing; translation and protein processing; secretion; and humoral effectors. This is the first shotgun proteomic study in P. perna mussel, therefore providing an overview of the protein profile of the mussel hepatopancreas, focused on the immune response against bacteria. Hence, it is possible to understand the immune-bacteria relationship at molecular levels better. This knowledge can support the development of strategies and tools to be applied to coastal marine resource management and contribute to the sustainability of coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), R. Mario Santos Braga, S/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24.020-141, Brazil; Research Group of Experimental and Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458-307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil.
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil; Research Group of Experimental and Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458-307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil.
| | - Benoît Bernay
- Plateforme Proteogen, SFR ICORE 4206, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la paix, 14032, Caen cedex, France.
| | - Natascha Krepsky
- Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), R. Mario Santos Braga, S/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24.020-141, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 22.290-255, Brazil.
| | - Sébastien Artigaud
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
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Rodriguez A, Martell-Huguet EM, González-García M, Alpízar-Pedraza D, Alba A, Vazquez AA, Grieshober M, Spellerberg B, Stenger S, Münch J, Kissmann AK, Rosenau F, Wessjohann LA, Wiese S, Ständker L, Otero-Gonzalez AJ. Identification and Characterization of Three New Antimicrobial Peptides from the Marine Mollusk Nerita versicolor (Gmelin, 1791). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043852. [PMID: 36835264 PMCID: PMC9968088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mollusks have been widely investigated for antimicrobial peptides because their humoral defense against pathogens is mainly based on these small biomolecules. In this report, we describe the identification of three novel antimicrobial peptides from the marine mollusk Nerita versicolor. A pool of N. versicolor peptides was analyzed with nanoLC-ESI-MS-MS technology, and three potential antimicrobial peptides (Nv-p1, Nv-p2 and Nv-p3) were identified with bioinformatical predictions and selected for chemical synthesis and evaluation of their biological activity. Database searches showed that two of them show partial identity to histone H4 peptide fragments from other invertebrate species. Structural predictions revealed that they all adopt a random coil structure even when placed near a lipid bilayer patch. Nv-p1, Nv-p2 and Nv-p3 exhibited activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most active peptide was Nv-p3 with an inhibitory activity starting at 1.5 µg/mL in the radial diffusion assays. The peptides were ineffective against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. On the other hand, these peptides demonstrated effective antibiofilm action against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida auris but not against the planktonic cells. None of the peptides had significant toxicity on primary human macrophages and fetal lung fibroblasts at effective antimicrobial concentrations. Our results indicate that N. versicolor-derived peptides represent new AMP sequences and have the potential to be optimized and developed into antibiotic alternatives against bacterial and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rodriguez
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics (CFP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ernesto M. Martell-Huguet
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 and I, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Melaine González-García
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 and I, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Daniel Alpízar-Pedraza
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (CIDEM), 26th Avenue, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Annia Alba
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, La Habana 13600, Cuba
| | - Antonio A. Vazquez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, La Habana 13600, Cuba
| | - Mark Grieshober
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, TBC1 Forschung, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, TBC1 Forschung, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, TBC1 Forschung, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics (CFP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.J.O.-G.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65171 (L.S.)
| | - Anselmo J. Otero-Gonzalez
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 and I, La Habana 10400, Cuba
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (A.J.O.-G.); Tel.: +49-731-500-65171 (L.S.)
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Viruly L, Suhartono MT, Nurilmala M, Saraswati S, Andarwulan N. Identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) candidate from Gonggong Sea Snail ( Leavistrombus turturella) extract. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:44-52. [PMID: 36618044 PMCID: PMC9813290 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potency of Gonggong sea snail's (GSS) extract as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) source. The results showed that the GSS meat extracts exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A peptide band with a molecular weight < 5 kDa was obtained for the characterization of AMP candidates after separating the selected extract using SDS-PAGE, and the sequences were acquired by LC-ESI-MS analysis. The results of the bioinformatics analysis showed that the AMP candidate had a molecular weight of 1.4 kDa, which consisted of 12 amino acid residues (RHPDYSVALLLR), with an α-helix structure, isoelectric point pH (pI) of 9.53, net charge + 1, a total hydrophobic ratio at 49.9%, protein-binding potential (Boman index) of 2.17 kcal/mol, and hydrophobicity of + 13.67 kcal/mol. Furthermore, MIC and MBC values of the extract and the < 10 kDa fraction on both bacteria ranged from 0.50-1.03 mg/ml. The GSS meat extract could reach the intracellular site of E. coli, while in S. aureus, it was localized in the cell membrane. These results can be baseline information for developing AMPs in natural bio-preservative exploration as food additives and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Viruly
- Department of Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Tanjungpinang, 29100 Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
| | - Maggy T. Suhartono
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
| | - Mala Nurilmala
- Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
| | - Saraswati Saraswati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
| | - Nuri Andarwulan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
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A histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptide, Hipposin from mangrove whip ray, Himantura walga: Molecular and functional characterisation. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:467. [PMID: 33088663 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are biologically dynamic molecules produced by all type of organisms as a fundamental component of their innate immune system. The present study deals with the identification of a histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptide, Hipposin from mangrove whip ray, Himantura walga. A 243 base pair fragment encoding 81 amino acid residues amplified from complementary DNA was identified as Hipposin and termed as Hw-Hip. Homologous analysis showed that Hw-Hip belongs to the Histone H2A superfamily and shares sequence identity with other histone-derived AMPs from fishes. Phylogenetic analysis of Hw-Hip displayed clustering with the fish H2A histones. Secondary structure analysis showed the presence of three α-helices and four random coils with a prominent proline hinge. The physicochemical properties of Hw-Hip are in agreement with the properties of antimicrobial peptides. A 39-mer active peptide sequence was released by proteolytic cleavage in silico. Functional characterisation of active peptide in silico revealed antibacterial, anticancer and antibiofilm activities making Hw-Hip a promising candidate for further exploration.
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Abstract
Molluscs are known for their ability to produce a calcified shell resulting from a genetically controlled and matrix-mediated process, performed extracellularly. The occluded organic matrix consists of a complex mixture of proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are in most cases secreted by the mantle epithelium. To our knowledge, the model studied here—the argonaut, also called paper nautilus—represents the single mollusc example where this general scheme is not valid: the shell of this cephalopod is indeed formed by its first dorsal arms pair and it functions as an eggcase, secreted by females only; furthermore, this coiled structure is fully calcitic and the organization of its layered microstructures is unique. Thus, the argonautid shell appears as an apomorphy of this restricted family, not homologous to other cephalopod shells. In the present study, we investigated the physical and biochemical properties of the shell of Argonauta hians, the winged argonaut. We show that the shell matrix contains unusual proportions of soluble and insoluble components, and that it is mostly proteinaceous, with a low proportion of sugars that appear to be mostly sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Proteomics performed on different shell fractions generated several peptide sequences and identified a number of protein hits, not shared with other molluscan shell matrices. This may suggest the recruitment of unique molecular tools for mineralizing the argonaut’s shell, a finding that has some implications on the evolution of cephalopod shell matrices.
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Marin F. Mollusc shellomes: Past, present and future. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107583. [PMID: 32721585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In molluscs, the shell fabrication requires a large array of secreted macromolecules including proteins and polysaccharides. Some of them are occluded in the shell during mineralization process and constitute the shell repertoire. The protein moieties, also called shell proteomes or, more simply, 'shellomes', are nowadays analyzed via high-throughput approaches. These latter, applied so far on about thirty genera, have evidenced the huge diversity of shellomes from model to model. They also pinpoint the recurrent presence of functional domains of diverse natures. Shell proteins are not only involved in guiding the mineral deposition, but also in enzymatic and immunity-related functions, in signaling or in coping with many extracellular molecules such as saccharides. Many shell proteins exhibit low complexity domains, the function of which remains unclear. Shellomes appear as self-organizing systems that must be approached from the point of view of complex systems biology: at supramolecular level, they generate emergent properties, i.e., microstructures that cannot be simply explained by the sum of their parts. A conceptual scheme is developed here that reconciles the plasticity of the shellome, its evolvability and the constrained frame of microstructures. Other perspectives arising from the study of shellomes are briefly discussed, including the macroevolution of shell repertoires, their maturation and their transformation through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Oudot M, Neige P, Shir IB, Schmidt A, Strugnell JM, Plasseraud L, Broussard C, Hoffmann R, Lukeneder A, Marin F. The shell matrix and microstructure of the Ram’s Horn squid: Molecular and structural characterization. J Struct Biol 2020; 211:107507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Beal A, Rodriguez-Casariego J, Rivera-Casas C, Suarez-Ulloa V, Eirin-Lopez JM. Environmental Epigenomics and Its Applications in Marine Organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/13836_2018_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Ma XW, Hou L, Chen B, Fan DQ, Chen YC, Yang Y, Wang KJ. A truncated Sph 12-38 with potent antimicrobial activity showing resistance against bacterial challenge in Oryzias melastigma. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:561-570. [PMID: 28600196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an efficient part of innate immunity and are found in a variety of life. Among them Histone 2A (H2A), as a promising class of AMPs, attracts great attention, but the in vivo mechanism of H2A derived AMP is still less known. Based on the acquisition of Sphistin, a synthetic 38-amino acid H2A derived peptide from Scylla paramamosain, as reported in our previous study, was truncated into three short fragments (Sph12-38, Sph20-38 and Sph30-38) and further investigated for its possible functional domains. The antimicrobial activities of these analogs against different Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were illustrated. Among the analogs, Sph12-38 showed a stronger activity with a much lower minimum inhibitory concentration (3 μM) against Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Micrococcus lysodeikticus Fleming, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria in comparison with the reported Sphistin. A leakage of intracellular content was described in E. coli treated with Sph12-38. Unlike Sphistin which mainly disrupts the membrane integrity, Sph12-38 could also combine the A. sobria genomic DNA with a minimum concentration of 6 μM and was located intracellularly in cells observed under confocal laser scanning microscope imaging. In comparison with the control group of Oryzias melastigma injected with A. sobria alone, the group treated with a mixture of Sph12-38 and A. sobria showed a higher survival rate 7 days post-injection. Furthermore, in a pretreatment assay at 6 h, a higher survival rate was observed in the group injected with the mixture of Sph12-38 and A. sobria. Taken together, the synthetic peptide of Sph12-38 had a potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria. However, Sph12-38 had no cytotoxicity towards the hemolymph of S. paramamosain. Our study suggested that, as with Sph12-38, the H2A derived peptides were more likely prone to exert their activities in vivo through the truncated fragments while defending against different species of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Lin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Bei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Dan-Qing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
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Chen B, Fan DQ, Zhu KX, Shan ZG, Chen FY, Hou L, Cai L, Wang KJ. Mechanism study on a new antimicrobial peptide Sphistin derived from the N-terminus of crab histone H2A identified in haemolymphs of Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:833-846. [PMID: 26475366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Histone H2A is known to participate in host immune defense through generating special antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), for which it has been an interesting research focus to characterize this kind of peptides in vertebrates and invertebrates. Although thousands of AMPs have been reported in variety of life species, only several AMPs are known in crabs and in particular no H2A-derived AMP has yet been reported. In the present study, a 38-amino acid peptide with antimicrobial activity was determined based on the sequence analysis of a histone H2A identified from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The histone H2A derived peptide was an AMP-like molecule and designated as Sphistin. Sphistin showed typical features of AMPs such as amphiphilic α-helical second structrue and positive charge net. The synthetic Sphistin exerted high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeast, among which Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas stutzeri are important aquatic pathogens. Leakage of the cell content and disruption of the cell surface were observed in bacterial cells treated with Sphistin using scanning electron microscopy. It was proved that the increasing cytoplasmic membrane permeability of Escherichia coli was caused by Sphistin. Further observation under confocal microscopy showed that Sphistin could combine onto the membrane of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli MC1061 and Pichia pastoris but not translocate into the cytoplasm. Moreover, the affinity of Sphistin with either LPS or LTA was also testified that there was an interaction between Sphistin and cell membrane. Thus, the antimicrobial mechanism of this peptide likely exerted via adsorption and subsequently permeabilization of the bacterial cell membranes other than penetrating cell membrane. In addition, synthetic Sphistin exhibited no cytotoxicity to primary cultured crab haemolymphs and mammalian cells even at a high concentration of 100 μg/mL for 24 h. This is the first report of a histone-derived Sphistin identified from S. paramamosain with a specific antimicrobial activity and mechanism, which could be a new candidate for future application in aquaculture and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Dan-Qing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Zhong-Guo Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Fang-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Lin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ling Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China.
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14
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Chowdhury T, Sarkar M, Chaudhuri B, Chattopadhyay B, Halder UC. Participatory role of zinc in structural and functional characterization of bioremediase: a unique thermostable microbial silica leaching protein. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:791-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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16
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Howe CG, Gamble MV. Enzymatic cleavage of histone H3: a new consideration when measuring histone modifications in human samples. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:7. [PMID: 25628766 PMCID: PMC4307743 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-014-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are increasingly being used as biomarkers of cancer prognosis and survival. However, we identified a cleavage product of histone H3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which interferes with measures of certain H3 modifications. Therefore, the potential for enzymatic cleavage of histones should be considered when measuring histone modifications in human samples. Furthermore, the enzymatic cleavage of human H3 is itself a fascinating area of research and two important questions remain to be answered: 1) Does cleavage of human H3 occur in vivo, as it does in other organisms? and 2) Does it serve a biologically important function?
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 650 W. 168th Street, Room 1618, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th Street, Room 1107E, New York, NY 10032 USA
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17
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Chaurasia MK, Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Kumaresan V, Gnanam AJ, Pasupuleti M, Kasi M, Harikrishnan R, Arockiaraj J. A prawn core histone 4: Derivation of N- and C-terminal peptides and their antimicrobial properties, molecular characterization and mRNA transcription. Microbiol Res 2015; 170:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Pauletto M, Milan M, Moreira R, Novoa B, Figueras A, Babbucci M, Patarnello T, Bargelloni L. Deep transcriptome sequencing of Pecten maximus hemocytes: a genomic resource for bivalve immunology. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 37:154-165. [PMID: 24486903 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pecten maximus, the king scallop, is a bivalve species with important commercial value for both fisheries and aquaculture, traditionally consumed in several European countries. Major problems in larval rearing, however, still limit hatchery-based seed production. High mortalities during early larval stages, likely related to bacterial pathogens, represent the most relevant bottleneck. To address this issue, understanding host defense mechanisms against microbes is extremely important. In this study next-generation RNA-sequencing was carried on scallop hemocytes. To enrich for immune-related transcripts, cDNA libraries from hemocytes challenged in vivo with inactivated-Vibrio anguillarum and in vitro with pathogen-associated molecular patterns, as well as unchallenged controls, were sequenced yielding 216,444,674 sequence reads. De novo assembly of the scallop hemocyte transcriptome consisted of 73,732 contigs (31% annotated). A total of 934 contigs encoded proteins with a known immune function, grouped into several functional categories. Particular attention was reserved to Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in non-self recognition. Through mining the scallop hemocyte transcriptome, at least four TLRs could be identified. The organization of canonical TLR domains demonstrated that single cysteine cluster and multiple cysteine cluster TLRs co-exist in this species. In addition, preliminary data concerning their mRNA level following bacterial challenge suggested that different members of this family could exhibit opposite responses to pathogenic stimuli. Finally, a global analysis of differential expression comparing gene-expression levels in in vitro and in vivo stimulated hemocytes against controls provided evidence on a large set of transcripts involved in the great scallop immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Rebeca Moreira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, C/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, C/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, C/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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19
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Arockiaraj J, Gnanam AJ, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Thirumalai MK, Roy A, Pasupuleti M, Kasi M. An unconventional antimicrobial protein histone from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: analysis of immune properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1511-1522. [PMID: 23994279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have reported the first histone characterized at molecular level from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrHis). A full length cDNA of MrHis (751 base pairs) was identified from an established M. rosenbergii cDNA library using GS-FLX technique. It encodes 137 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 15 kDa and an isoelectric point of 10.5. MrHis peptide contains a histone H2A signature between 21 and 27 amino acids. Homologous analysis showed that MrHis had a significant sequence identity (99%) with other known histone H2A groups especially from Penaeus monodon. Phylogenetic analysis of MrHis showed a strong relationship with other amino acid sequences from histone H2A arthropod groups. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that the MrHis belongs to histone H2A superfamily and H2A1A sub-family. Secondary structure of MrHis showed that the protein contains 50.36% α-helical region and 49.64% coils. The 3D model of MrHis was predicted by I-Tasser program and the model was evaluated for quality analysis including C-score analysis, Ramachandran plot analysis and RMSD analysis. The surface view analysis of MrHis showed the active domain at the N terminal. The antimicrobial property of MrHis protein was confirmed by the helical structure and the total hydrophobic surface along with its net charge. The MFE of the predicted RNA structure of MrHis is -128.62 kcal/mol, shows its mRNA stability. Schiffer-Edmundson helical wheel analysis of the N-terminal of MrHis showed a perfect amphipathic nature of the peptide. Significantly (P < 0.05) highest gene expression was noticed in the hemocyte and is induced with viral (WSBV and MrNV) and bacteria (A eromonas hydrophila and Vibrio harveyi) infections. The coding sequence of recombinant MrHis protein was expressed in a pMAL vector and purified to study the antimicrobial properties. The recombinant product showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. In this study, the recombinant MrHis protein displayed antimicrobial activity in its entirety. Hence, it is possible to suggest that the activity may be due to the direct defense role of histone or its N-terminal antimicrobial property. However, this remains to be verified by detailed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Chaithanya ER, Philip R, Sathyan N, Anil Kumar PR, Cubelio SS, Bright Singh IS. Molecular Characterisation and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Novel Isoform of Hepatic Antimicrobial Peptide, Hepcidin (Zc-hepc1), from the Coral Fish Moorish idol, Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2013; 5:187-94. [PMID: 26782987 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-013-9139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a family of short cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) participating in various physiological functions with inevitable role in host immune responses. Present study deals with identification and characterisation of a novel hepcidin isoform from coral fish Zanclus cornutus. The 81 amino acid (aa) preprohepcidin obtained from Z. cornutus consists of a hydrophobic aa rich 22 mer signal peptide, a highly variable proregion of 35 aa and a bioactive mature peptide with 8 conserved cysteine residues which contribute to the disulphide back bone. The mature hepcidin, Zc-hepc1 has a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.46, a predicted molecular weight of 2.43 kDa and a net positive charge of +1. Phylogenetic analysis grouped Z. cornutus hepcidin with HAMP2 group hepcidins confirming the divergent evolution of hepcidin-like peptide in fishes. Zc-hepc1 can attain a β-hairpin-like structure with two antiparallel β-sheets. This is the first report of an AMP from the coral fish Z. cornutus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Chaithanya
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India.
| | - Naveen Sathyan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - P R Anil Kumar
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Sherine Sonia Cubelio
- Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Kochi, 682037, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
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Characterization of Histone H2A Derived Antimicrobial Peptides, Harriottins, from Sicklefin Chimaera Neoharriotta pinnata (Schnakenbeck, 1931) and Its Evolutionary Divergence with respect to CO1 and Histone H2A. ISRN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 2013:930216. [PMID: 27398241 PMCID: PMC4890863 DOI: 10.1155/2013/930216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are humoral innate immune components of fishes that provide protection against pathogenic infections. Histone derived antimicrobial peptides are reported to actively participate in the immune defenses of fishes. Present study deals with identification of putative antimicrobial sequences from the histone H2A of sicklefin chimaera, Neoharriotta pinnata. A 52 amino acid residue termed Harriottin-1, a 40 amino acid Harriottin-2, and a 21 mer Harriottin-3 were identified to possess antimicrobial sequence motif. Physicochemical properties and molecular structure of Harriottins are in agreement with the characteristic features of antimicrobial peptides, indicating its potential role in innate immunity of sicklefin chimaera. The histone H2A sequence of sicklefin chimera was found to differ from previously reported histone H2A sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on histone H2A and cytochrome oxidase subunit-1 (CO1) gene revealed N. pinnata to occupy an intermediate position with respect to invertebrates and vertebrates.
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22
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Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Histone-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Teleostin from the Marine Teleost Fishes, Tachysurus jella and Cynoglossus semifasciatus. ISRN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 2013:185807. [PMID: 27335674 PMCID: PMC4890905 DOI: 10.1155/2013/185807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host defense peptides that are well conserved throughout the course of evolution. Histones are classical DNA-binding proteins, rich in cationic amino acids, and recently appreciated as precursors for various histone-derived AMPs. The present study deals with identification of the potential antimicrobial peptide sequence of teleostin from the histone H2A of marine teleost fishes, Cynoglossus semifasciatus and Tachysurus jella. A 245 bp amplicon coding for 81 amino acids was obtained from the cDNA transcripts of these fishes. The first 52 amino acids from the N terminal of the peptide were identical to previously characterized histone-derived antimicrobial peptides. Molecular and physicochemical characterizations of the sequence were found to be in agreement with previously reported histone H2A-derived AMPs, suggesting the possible role of histone H2A in innate defense mechanism in fishes.
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