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Gupta A, Singh N, Kumar A, Verma UP, Verma AK, Shyam H, Lal N, Kant S, Kumari A. Differential expression of inflammatory responsive genes between chronic periodontitis and periodontally affected bronchiectasis patients. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 9:169-172. [PMID: 33344663 PMCID: PMC7731971 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2020.37397.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate differential expression of targeted inflammatory-immune responsive genes [LTA, LTB, TNFSF4, TNFSF11/RANKL, TNFSF13, TNFSF13B, TNFRSF11B/ Osteoprotegerin; OPG and GFPT1/GFA ] in gingival tissues of bronchiectasis patients having chronic periodontitis in North central Indian population. Gingival tissues were collected from 30 systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patients (CP), 30 bronchiectasis patients with chronic periodontitis (B+CP), 3 systemically healthy with healthy gingiva (healthy control; HC) and 3 bronchiectasis with healthy gingiva (bronchiectasis control; BC). Statistical analysis revealed 7 genes to be significantly upregulated on comparing CP with B+CP i.e LTA (P<0.0001) in B+CP while LTB (P<0.0001), TNFSF4 (P=0.0003), TNFSF11 (P<0.0001), TNFSF13 (P=0.0003), TNFSF13B (P<0.0001) and TNFRSF11B (P=0.0004) in CP group. LTA (Lymphotoxin A) gene could be a potential genetic marker in bronchiectasis patients with chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya Gupta
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Umesh Pratap Verma
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Verma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Hari Shyam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Nand Lal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankur Kumari
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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Petrovic SM, Nikolic N, Toljic B, Arambasic-Jovanovic J, Milicic B, Milicic T, Jotic A, Vidakovic M, Milasin J, Pucar A. The association of tumor necrosis factor alpha, lymphotoxin alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 gene polymorphisms and serum levels with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes in Serbian population. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104929. [PMID: 33091664 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aiming to show that periodontitis (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are bidirectionally related and potentially linked by inflammatory cytokines, we searched for association between -308 G/A Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), +252A/G Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTα), +36A/G Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and +676 T/G tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and: risk of PD or PD + T2D; periodontitis parameters in PD and PD + T2D; serum levels of cytokines/their receptors. Relationship between periodontal inflammation and serum cytokine/receptor levels was also assessed. DESIGN Subjects were stratified as: 57 healthy controls (HC); 58 PD; 65 PD + T2D. Sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral and periodontal clinical data were recorded. SNPs were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, while cytokines/receptors levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Impact of periodontal inflammation was measured using periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). RESULTS TNFα AA genotype showed protective effect in T2D + PD compared to PD, even adjusted for behavioral/environmental factors (OR 0.18; 95 %CI 0.037-0.886; p = 0.035). LTα AG heterozygotes had increased risk of PD (OR 3.27; 95 %CI 1.35-7.96; p = 0.016), while TNFR2 TG genotype had protective effect (OR = 0.44; 95 %CI 0.954-0.9794; p = 0.043). TNFR1 AA was predictor of periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss in PD. Correlation between TNFR2 concentration and PISA was negative in PD, positive in PD + T2D. CONCLUSIONS None of the SNPs showed cross-susceptibility between PD and T2D. + 252A/G LTα and +676 T/G TNFR2 SNPs are associated with PD risk. Periodontal destruction in healthy individuals is influenced by TNFR1 genotype. Impact of periodontal on systemic inflammation is masked by T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Matic Petrovic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bosko Toljic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Arambasic-Jovanovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Milicic
- Department for Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Milicic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Jotic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Melita Vidakovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Pucar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Liukkonen J, Gürsoy UK, Könönen E, Gürsoy M, Metso J, Salminen A, Kopra E, Jauhiainen M, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Paju S, Sorsa T, Nieminen MS, Lokki ML, Sinisalo J, Pussinen PJ. Salivary biomarkers in association with periodontal parameters and the periodontitis risk haplotype. Innate Immun 2018; 24:439-447. [PMID: 30176756 PMCID: PMC6830876 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918796207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play a role in periodontitis. Here we examined whether the risk
haplotype of MHC class III region BAT1-NFKBIL1-LTA and lymphotoxin-α
polymorphisms associate with salivary biomarkers of periodontal disease. A total
of 455 individuals with detailed clinical and radiographic periodontal health
data were included in the study. A 610 K genotyping chip and a Sequenom platform
were used in genotyping analyses. Phospholipid transfer protein activity,
concentrations of lymphotoxin-α, IL-8 and myeloperoxidase, and a cumulative risk
score (combining Porphyromonas gingivalis, IL-1β and matrix
metalloproteinase-8) were examined in saliva samples. Elevated IL-8 and
myeloperoxidase concentrations and cumulative risk scores associated with
advanced tooth loss, deepened periodontal pockets and signs of periodontal
inflammation. In multiple logistic regression models adjusted for periodontal
parameters and risk factors, myeloperoxidase concentration (odds ratio (OR);
1.37, P = 0.007) associated with increased odds for having the
risk haplotype and lymphotoxin-α concentration with its genetic variants
rs2857708, rs2009658 and rs2844482. In conclusion, salivary levels of IL-8,
myeloperoxidase and cumulative risk scores associate with periodontal
inflammation and tissue destruction, while those of myeloperoxidase and
lymphotoxin-α associate with genetic factors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulvi K Gürsoy
- 1 Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- 1 Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland.,2 Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- 1 Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- 3 Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research and Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Elisa Kopra
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- 3 Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research and Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,5 Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,6 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,7 Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Susanna Paju
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,7 Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- 8 HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Lokki
- 9 Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- 8 HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- 4 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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da Silva FRP, Guimarães-Vasconcelos ACC, de-Carvalho-França LF, di-Lenardo D, Rodrigues LS, Barreto-do-Nascimento MLL, Vasconcelos DFP. Relationship between -889 C/T polymorphism in interleukin-1A gene and risk of chronic periodontitis: Evidence from a meta-analysis with new published findings. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e7-e14. [PMID: 27918732 PMCID: PMC5217499 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis results from an inflammatory response caused by accumulative microorganisms in periodontal sites. Several factors are involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis, for example the -889 C/T polymorphism in interleukin-1A gene. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between this polymorphism and risk of development of chronic periodontitis by a meta-analysis based in new published findings. Material and Methods Thereunto a review in literature was performed in the electronic biomedical and education databases (Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and PubMed) to studies published before August 2, 2015, the abstracts were evaluated and the data extraction performed by two calibrated examiners. The calculations of the meta-analysis were obtained through statistical software Review Manager version 5.2 with calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), heterogeneity (I²) and Funnel plots with P <0.05. Results In overall, twenty-one case/control studies were selected with 2,174 patients with chronic periodontitis and 1, 756 controls. The meta-analysis showed T allele was associated with chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.36, P = 0.0004) with decreased value to heterogeneity (I² = 15%, P = 0.28). TT genotype was associated to patients with chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.83, P = 0.01). No publication bias was found in this meta-analysis by asymmetry in Funnel plots. Conclusions This meta-analysis with 2,174 patients with chronic periodontitis and 1, 756 controls evidenced the -889 C/T polymorphism is associated to risk of development of chronic periodontitis with no significant value to heterogeneity to allelic evaluation. Key words:Alleles, odds ratio, periodontal disease, cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-R-P da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Piauí- UFPI, Campus Ministro Reis Veloso, Colegiado de Biomedicina, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Reis Veloso, Parnaíba - PI - Brasil, 64204-035,
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Heikkinen AM, Kettunen K, Kovanen L, Haukka J, Elg J, Husu H, Tervahartiala T, Pussinen P, Meurman J, Sorsa T. Inflammatory mediator polymorphisms associate with initial periodontitis in adolescents. Clin Exp Dent Res 2016; 2:208-215. [PMID: 29744169 PMCID: PMC5839215 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have addressed cytokine gene polymorphisms and their possible associations with periodontitis. We examined the association between salivary anti- and pro-inflammatory mediator polymorphisms and initial periodontitis in Finnish adolescents, taking into account the effect of smoking. Salivary samples of 93 clinically examined adolescents from Eastern Finland were analyzed. Their oral health and smoking habits were recorded. Periodontal probing depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) at four sites per tooth, root calculus (RC), and visible plaque index (VPI) were recorded from the index teeth. Salivary MMP-8 median values were assessed. The sites with ≥4 mm PD were categorized as follows: PPD1 = one or more ≥4 mm pocket, PPD2 = two or more ≥4 mm pockets, and PPD3 = three or more ≥4 mm pockets. Genomic DNA was extracted from 300 μl of the saliva samples by genomic QIAamp® DNA Blood Mini Kit and genotyped for polymorphisms. Genetic variants for genotyping were selected from the following genes of interest: S100A8, FCGR2A, FCGR2B, IL10, MMP8, MMP3, MMP13, VDR, TLR4, MMP2, MPO, ELANE, IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, CD28, MMP9, DDX39B, NFKBIL1, LTA, TNF, SOD2, IL6, TLR4, TIMP1, and SYN1. After false discovery rate control (FDR), polymorphisms in MMP3 (rs679620, rs520540, rs639752), CD28 (rs3116496), and VDR (rs2228570) associated (FDR q < 0.05) with deepened periodontal pockets. Smoking did not affect the results. Genetic polymorphisms of pro-inflammatory mediators MMP3, CD28, and VDR seem to link to initial periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Leena Kovanen
- Department of HealthNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of HealthNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Public Health, ClinicumUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jessica Elg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Heidi Husu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jukka Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
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Shaker OG, Alnoury AM, Hegazy GA, Haddad HEE, Sayed S, Hamdy A. Polimorfismos dos genes metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase, fator de crescimento transformador β1 e linfotoxina‐α e susceptibilidade à artrite reumatoide. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Role of TNF block genetic variants in HIV-associated sensory neuropathy in black Southern Africans. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:363-8. [PMID: 24896147 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is a common neurological complication of HIV infection. The TNF block is a region within the central MHC that contains many immunoregulatory genes. Polymorphisms and haplotypes of the TNF block have been associated with increased risk of HIV-SN in Asians and whites. Here we investigated genetic associations with HIV-SN in 342 black Southern Africans (190 cases and 152 neuropathy-free controls) using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the TNF block and a set of haplotypes defined by 31 SNPs in Asian and white populations (denoted FVa). We included population-appropriate tagSNPs derived from an African population (Yoruban, YRI, HapMap) and derived extended haplotypes comprising 61 SNPs (denoted FVa_ext b). We found no association between HIV-SN and carriage of two SNPs (TNF-1031/rs1799964*C and BAT1 (intron10)/rs9281523*C) associated with HIV-SN in whites and Asians. Additionally, a haplotype containing TNF-1031/rs1799964*C associated with increased risk of HIV-SN in Asians, but was not present in this African population. However, alleles of seven SNPs associated with reduced risk of HIV-SN (corrected for age, height and multiple comparisons). These were rs11796*A, rs3130059*G, rs2071594*C, NFKBIL1-62/rs2071592*A, rs2071591*A, LTA+252/rs909253*G, rs1041981*C. One haplotype (FV18_ext1), not containing these alleles, was associated with increased risk of HIV-SN after correction for age, height and multiple comparisons. Our results confirm the involvement of genes in the TNF block in altering risk for HIV-SN, but genotypes critical in this African population differed from those affecting HIV-SN in whites and Asians. These differences support the need for genetic association studies in diverse populations.
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Genetic variation on the BAT1-NFKBIL1-LTA region of major histocompatibility complex class III associates with periodontitis. Infect Immun 2014; 82:1939-48. [PMID: 24566624 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01681-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology. We investigated whether human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms (6p21.3) are associated with periodontal parameters. Parogene 1 population samples (n = 169) were analyzed with 13,245 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MHC region. Eighteen selected SNPs (P ≤ 0.001) were replicated in Parogene 2 population samples (n = 339) and the Health 2000 Survey (n = 1,420). All subjects had a detailed clinical and radiographic oral health examination. Serum lymphotoxin-α (LTA) concentrations were measured in the Parogene populations, and the protein was detected in inflamed periodontal tissue. In the Parogene 1 population, 10 SNPs were associated with periodontal parameters. The strongest associations emerged from the parameters bleeding on probing (BOP) and a probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥6 mm with the genes BAT1, NFKBIL1, and LTA. Six SNPs, rs11796, rs3130059, rs2239527, rs2071591, rs909253, and rs1041981 (r(2), ≥0.92), constituted a risk haplotype. In the Parogene 1 population, the haplotype had the strongest association with the parameter BOP, a PPD of ≥6 mm, and severe periodontitis with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.63 (2.21 to 3.20), 2.90 (2.37 to 3.52), and 3.10 (1.63 to 5.98), respectively. These results were replicated in the other two populations. High serum LTA concentrations in the Parogene population were associated with the periodontitis risk alleles of the LTA SNPs (rs909253 and rs1041981) of the haplotype. In addition, the protein was expressed in inflamed gingival connective tissue. We identified a novel BAT1-NFKBIL1-LTA haplotype as a significant contributor to the risk of periodontitis. The genetic polymorphisms in the MHC class III region may be functionally important in periodontitis susceptibility.
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Pereira Vasconcelos DF, Dias da Silva MA, Rocha Marques M, Gibilini C, Cardoso Guimarães Vasconcelos AC, Pereira Barros S. Effects of simultaneous nicotine and alcohol use in periodontitis progression in rats: A histomorphometric study. J Clin Exp Dent 2013; 5:e95-9. [PMID: 24455064 PMCID: PMC3892216 DOI: 10.4317/jced.51047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol and nicotine, when used alone or simultaneously, on the alveolar bone loss area resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. STUDY DESIGN Forty adult male rats received a cotton ligature in the first lower molar sulcular area, and the animals were randomly assigned to different treatments (n = 10, each group) including daily peritoneal injections of saline solution (group A), submitted to self-administration of alcohol 25% (group B), nicotine solution in concentration 0.19 μl/ml (group C), and nicotine solution in concentration 0.19 μl/ml plus self-administration of alcohol 25% (group D). Five weeks later, the animals were sacrificed, and the samples were routinely processed for semi-serial decalcified sections. RESULTS Ligated teeth showed more alveolar bone loss than unligated ones (p < 0.05). Unligated teeth showed no significant differences between each other (p > 0.05). Analyses between the ligated teeth showed that the group C (nicotine) or group B (alcohol 25%) each had increasing alveolar bone loss in the furcation area, and the simultaneous combination alcohol and nicotine (group D) intensified these effects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the simultaneous combination of alcohol and nicotine have a synergistic effect in the progression of periodontitis, evidenced by increased furcation region bone destruction in periodontal disease in rats. Key words:Alveolar bone loss, periodontitis, nicotine, alcohol, rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco A Dias da Silva
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos-PB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rocha Marques
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Gibilini
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Pereira Barros
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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