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Chua RW, Song KP, Ting ASY. Comparative analysis of antimicrobial compounds from endophytic Buergenerula spartinae from orchid. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1057-1072. [PMID: 37597137 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A rare fungal endophyte, identified as Buergenerula spartinae (C28), was isolated from the roots of Cymbidium orchids and was characterised and evaluated for its antimicrobial activities. Bio-guided fractionation revealed 4 fractions from B. spartinae (C28) having antibacterial activities against at least one bacterial pathogen tested (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus). However, inhibitory activities were absent against pathogenic fungi (Ganoderma boninense, Pythium ultimum and Fusarium solani). Fraction 2 and fraction 4 of B. spartinae (C28) exhibited potent antibacterial activities against S. aureus (MIC: 0.078 mg/mL) and B. cereus (MIC: 0.313 mg/mL), respectively. LCMS analysis revealed the presence of antibacterial agents and antibiotics in fraction 2 (benoxinate, pyropheophorbide A, (-)-ormosanine and N-undecylbenzenesulfonic acid) and fraction 4 (kaempferol 3-p-coumarate, 6-methoxy naphthalene acetic acid, levofuraltadone, hinokitiol glucoside, 3-α(S)-strictosidine, pyropheophorbide A, 5'-hydroxystreptomycin, kanzonol N and 3-butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide), which may be responsible for the antibacterial activities observed. Most of the bioactive compounds profiled from the antibacterial fractions were discovered for the first time from endophytic isolates (i.e. from B. spartinae (C28)). Buergenerula spartinae (C28) from Cymbidium sp. is therefore, an untapped resource of bioactive compounds for potential applications in healthcare and commercial industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wei Chua
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Keang Peng Song
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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H N K, Murali Sharma P, Garampalli RH. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation study of quinones and pyrones from Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata with HSP90: an important therapeutic target of cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14744-14756. [PMID: 36935093 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Although cancer continues to be one of the world's major causes of death, current cancer drugs have many serious side effects. There remains a need for new anticancer agents to overcome these shortcomings. Alternaria is one of the most widespread fungal genera, many species of which produce several classes of metabolites with potential polypharmacological activities. A few quinones and pyrones from Alternaria spp. have proven to exert cytotoxic effects against certain cancer cell lines, but their molecular mode of action is not known. The current study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms that underlie the anticancer activity of a few selected quinones and pyrones from Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata by molecular docking and dynamic simulation approaches. The selected metabolites were screened for their binding affinity to Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which is a known anticancer drug target. Molecular docking studies have revealed that Macrosporin, Altersolanol B, Fonsecin, and Neoaltenuene have good binding affinities with the target protein and the stabilities of the formed complexes were evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations. By analyzing the Root Mean Square Distance (RMSD), Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plots obtained from molecular dynamics simulations, this study shows that the complexes of all 4 lead molecules with target protein are stable over a 100 ns period. Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) calculations were used to compute the binding free energies. The lead molecules were studied using in-silico analysis to determine their drug-likeness based on their Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) and physicochemical properties. The results demonstrate that Macrosporin, Fonsecin, and Neoaltenuene could become promising anticancer molecules that target HSP90.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik H N
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pranav Murali Sharma
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Mohamad OAA, Li L, Ma JB, Hatab S, Xu L, Guo JW, Rasulov BA, Liu YH, Hedlund BP, Li WJ. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Bacterial Populations From Chinese Traditional Medicinal Plant Licorice and Characterization of the Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by Bacillus atrophaeus Against Verticillium dahliae. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:924. [PMID: 29867835 PMCID: PMC5954123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria associated with medicinal plants possess unique strategies that enhance growth and suvival of host plants, many of which are mediated by distinctive secondary metabolites. These bacteria and their secondary metabolites are important subjects for both basic and applied research aimed at sustainable agriculture. In the present study, 114 endophytic strains isolated from the wild ethnomedicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against common fungal pathogens of tomato (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp., Fulvia fulva, Alternaria solani), cotton (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vesinfectum, Verticillium dahliae), pomegranite (Ceratocystis fimbriata), Cymbidinium (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), and Tsao-ko (Pestalotiopsis microspora and Fusarium graminearum) and the common bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Escherichia coli. Several Bacillus strains, particularly Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus mojavensis, had a broad spectrum of antifungal and antibacterial activity. A total of 16 strains, selected based on broad antimicrobial activity, were shown to contain at least one putative secondary metabolite-encoding gene (i.e., polyketide synthase or non-ribosomal peptide synthetase) and/or one lytic enzyme (i.e., protease, cellulase, lipase, chitinase), which may be important mediators of antagonistic activity against pathogens. Five strains, representing Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus mojavensis, were selected for plant growth chamber experiments based on strong in vitro antifungal activities. All five strains significantly reduced disease severity in Arabidopsis thaliana plants challenged with V. dahlia infection. Gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry analysis of cell-free extracts of Bacillus atrophaeus strain XEGI50 showed that at least 13 compounds were produced only during co-cultivation with V. dahlia, including putative compounds known to have antimicrobial activity, such as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methylpropyl) ester; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester; 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)-; and decanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that bacteria isolated from G. uralensis have biocontrol abilities. Our findings provide new insights into the antimicrobial activities of natural endophytes, particularly B. atrophaeus, and suggest this species may a promising candidate as a biocontrol agent to confer resistance to Verticillium wilt disease and other phytopathogens in cotton and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. A. Mohamad
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Environmental Science Department, Institute of Environmental Studies, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Jin-Biao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaimaa Hatab
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Jian-Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crops with High Quality and Efficient Cultivation and Security Control, Yunnan Higher Education Institutions, Honghe University, Mengzi, China
| | - Bakhtiyor A. Rasulov
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Brian P. Hedlund
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Trichodermin induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent apoptosis caused by mitotic arrest and DNA damage in human p53-mutated pancreatic cancer cells and xenografts. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:249-261. [PMID: 27965041 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy, which generally responds poorly to chemotherapy. In this study, trichodermin, an endophytic fungal metabolite from Nalanthamala psidii, was identified as a potent and selective antitumor agent in human pancreatic cancer. Trichodermin exhibited antiproliferative effects against pancreatic cancer cells, especially p53-mutated cells (MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3) rather than normal pancreatic epithelial cells. We found that trichodermin induced caspase-dependent and mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis. Trichodermin also increased apoptosis through mitotic arrest by activating Cdc2/cyclin B1 complex activity. Moreover, trichodermin promoted the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and inhibition of JNK by its inhibitor, shRNA, or siRNA significantly reversed trichodermin-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis. Trichodermin triggered DNA damage stress to activate p53 function for executing apoptosis in p53-mutated cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that trichodermin with efficacy similar to gemcitabine, profoundly suppressed tumor growth through inducing intratumoral DNA damage and JNK activation in orthotopic pancreatic cancer model. Based on these findings, trichodermin is a potential therapeutic agent worthy of further development into a clinical trial candidate for treating cancer, especially the mutant p53 pancreatic cancer.
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