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Wang X, Singh P, Zhou L, Sharafeldin N, Landier W, Hageman L, Burridge P, Yasui Y, Sapkota Y, Blanco JG, Oeffinger KC, Hudson MM, Chow EJ, Armenian SH, Neglia JP, Ritchey AK, Hawkins DS, Ginsberg JP, Robison LL, Armstrong GT, Bhatia S. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies ROBO2 as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Anthracycline-Related Cardiomyopathy in Childhood Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1758-1769. [PMID: 36508697 PMCID: PMC10043563 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Interindividual variability in the dose-dependent association between anthracyclines and cardiomyopathy suggests a modifying role of genetic susceptibility. Few previous studies have examined gene-anthracycline interactions. We addressed this gap using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (discovery) and the Children's Oncology Group (COG) study COG-ALTE03N1 (replication). METHODS A genome-wide association study (Illumina HumanOmni5Exome Array) in 1,866 anthracycline-exposed Childhood Cancer Survivor Study participants (126 with heart failure) was used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with either main or gene-environment interaction effect on anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy that surpassed a prespecified genome-wide threshold for statistical significance. We attempted replication in a matched case-control set of anthracycline-exposed childhood cancer survivors with (n = 105) and without (n = 160) cardiomyopathy from COG-ALTE03N1. RESULTS Two SNPs (rs17736312 [ROBO2]) and rs113230990 (near a CCCTC-binding factor insulator [< 750 base pair]) passed the significance cutoff for gene-anthracycline dose interaction in discovery. SNP rs17736312 was successfully replicated. Compared with the GG/AG genotypes on rs17736312 and anthracyclines ≤ 250 mg/m2, the AA genotype and anthracyclines > 250 mg/m2 conferred a 2.2-fold (95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0) higher risk of heart failure in discovery and an 8.2-fold (95% CI, 2.0 to 34.4) higher risk in replication. ROBO2 encodes transmembrane Robo receptors that bind Slit ligands (SLIT). Slit-Robo signaling pathway promotes cardiac fibrosis by interfering with the transforming growth factor-β1/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) pathway, resulting in disordered remodeling of the extracellular matrix and potentiating heart failure. We found significant gene-level associations with heart failure: main effect (TGF-β1, P = .007); gene*anthracycline interaction (ROBO2*anthracycline, P = .0003); and gene*gene*anthracycline interaction (SLIT2*TGF-β1*anthracycline, P = .009). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that high-dose anthracyclines combined with genetic variants involved in the profibrotic Slit-Robo signaling pathway promote cardiac fibrosis via the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad pathway, providing credence to the biologic plausibility of the association between SNP rs17736312 (ROBO2) and anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liting Zhou
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | | | - Yutaka Yasui
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric J. Chow
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - A. Kim Ritchey
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Douglas S. Hawkins
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Smita Bhatia
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Das K, Basak M, Mahata T, Kumar M, Kumar D, Biswas S, Chatterjee S, Moniruzzaman M, Saha NC, Mondal K, Kumar P, Das P, Stewart A, Maity B. RGS11-CaMKII complex mediated redox control attenuates chemotherapy-induced cardiac fibrosis. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102487. [PMID: 36228439 PMCID: PMC9557029 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dose limiting cardiotoxicity remains a major limiting factor in the clinical use of several cancer chemotherapeutics including anthracyclines and the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Prior work has demonstrated that chemotherapeutics increase expression of R7 family regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein-binding partner Gβ5, which drives myocyte cytotoxicity. However, though several R7 family members are expressed in heart, the exact role of each protein in chemotherapy driven heart damage remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RGS11, downregulated in the human heart following chemotherapy exposure, possesses potent anti-apoptotic actions, in direct opposition to the actions of fellow R7 family member RGS6. RGS11 forms a direct complex with the apoptotic kinase CaMKII and stress responsive transcription factor ATF3 and acts to counterbalance the ability of CaMKII and ATF3 to trigger oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death, and release of the cardiokine neuregulin-1 (NRG1), which mediates pathological intercommunication between myocytes and endothelial cells. Doxorubicin triggers RGS11 depletion in the murine myocardium, and cardiac-specific OE of RGS11 decreases doxorubicin-induced fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cell loss and aids in the maintenance of left ventricular function. Conversely, RGS11 knockdown in heart promotes cardiac fibrosis associated with CaMKII activation and ATF3/NRG1 induction. Indeed, inhibition of CaMKII largely prevents the fibrotic remodeling resulting from cardiac RGS11 depletion underscoring the functional importance of the RGS11-CaMKII interaction in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. These data describe an entirely new role for RGS11 in heart and identify RGS11 as a potential new target for amelioration of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Das
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Madhuri Basak
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Tarun Mahata
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Sayan Biswas
- Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, B.T. Road, Kamarhati, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700058, India
| | | | | | | | - Kausik Mondal
- Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Pranesh Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aryakul College of Pharmacy & Research, Natkur, Aryakul College Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Priyadip Das
- Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603203, India
| | - Adele Stewart
- Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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Wang Y, Wei J, Zhang P, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Cui X. Neuregulin-1, a potential therapeutic target for cardiac repair. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:945206. [PMID: 36120374 PMCID: PMC9471952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.945206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NRG1 (Neuregulin-1) is an effective cardiomyocyte proliferator, secreted and released by endothelial vascular cells, and affects the cardiovascular system. It plays a major role in heart growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cardiovascular processes. Numerous experiments have shown that NRG1 can repair the heart in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia reperfusion, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases. NRG1 can connect related signaling pathways through the NRG1/ErbB pathway, which form signal cascades to improve the myocardial microenvironment, such as regulating cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, necrotic apoptosis. Here, we summarize recent research advances on the molecular mechanisms of NRG1, elucidate the contribution of NRG1 to cardiovascular disease, discuss therapeutic approaches targeting NRG1 associated with cardiovascular disease, and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianliang Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Zhao, ; Xiangning Cui,
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Zhao, ; Xiangning Cui,
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Leerink JM, van de Ruit M, Feijen EAM, Kremer LCM, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Pinto YM, Creemers EE, Kok WEM. Extracellular matrix remodeling in animal models of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: a meta-analysis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1195-1207. [PMID: 34052857 PMCID: PMC8367936 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As in other cardiomyopathies, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling plays an important role in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. To understand the pattern and timing of ECM remodeling pathways, we conducted a systematic review in which we describe protein and mRNA markers for ECM remodeling that are differentially expressed in the hearts of animals with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. We included 68 studies in mice, rats, rabbits, and pigs with follow-up of 0.1-8.2 human equivalent years after anthracycline administration. Using meta-analysis, we found 29 proteins and 11 mRNAs that were differentially expressed in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy compared to controls. Collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammation markers, transforming growth factor ß signaling markers, and markers for cardiac hypertrophy were upregulated, whereas the protein kinase B (AKT) pro-survival pathway was downregulated. Their expression patterns over time from single time point studies were studied with meta-regression using human equivalent years as the time scale. Connective tissue growth factor showed an early peak in expression but remained upregulated at all studied time points. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and MMP9 protein levels increased in studies with longer follow-up. Significant associations were found for higher atrial natriuretic peptide with interstitial fibrosis and for higher BNP and MMP2 protein levels with left ventricular systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Leerink
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mabel van de Ruit
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E Creemers
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter E M Kok
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhan H, Aizawa K, Sun J, Tomida S, Otsu K, Conway SJ, Mckinnon PJ, Manabe I, Komuro I, Miyagawa K, Nagai R, Suzuki T. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated in cardiac fibroblasts regulates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:85-95. [PMID: 26862121 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent anticancer agent that is widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, but its usage is limited by cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity mainly due to oxidative damage. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is thought to play a role in mediating the actions of oxidative stress. Here, we show that ATM in cardiac fibroblasts is essential for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS ATM knockout mice showed attenuated Dox-induced cardiotoxic effects (e.g. cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, and mortality). As ATM was expressed and activated predominantly in cardiac fibroblasts, fibroblast-specific Atm-deleted mice (Atm(fl/fl);Postn-Cre) were generated to address cell type-specific effects, which showed that the fibroblast is the key lineage mediating Dox-induced cardiotoxicity through ATM. Mechanistically, ATM activated the Fas ligand, which subsequently regulated apoptosis in cardiomyocytes at later stages. Therapeutically, a potent and selective inhibitor of ATM, KU55933, when administered systemically was able to prevent Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. CONCLUSION ATM-regulated effects within cardiac fibroblasts are pivotal in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, and antagonism of ATM and its functions may have potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhan
- Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junqing Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shota Tomida
- Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon J Conway
- Program in Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter J Mckinnon
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyagawa
- Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toru Suzuki
- Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital Groby Road, Glenfield, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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6
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Mlih M, Host L, Martin S, Niederhoffer N, Monassier L, Terrand J, Messaddeq N, Radke M, Gotthardt M, Bruban V, Kober F, Bernard M, Canet-Soulas E, Abt-Jijon F, Boucher P, Matz RL. The Src homology and collagen A (ShcA) adaptor protein is required for the spatial organization of the costamere/Z-disk network during heart development. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2419-30. [PMID: 25488665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology and collagen A (ShcA) is an adaptor protein that binds to tyrosine kinase receptors. Its germ line deletion is embryonic lethal with abnormal cardiovascular system formation, and its role in cardiovascular development is unknown. To investigate its functional role in cardiovascular development in mice, ShcA was deleted in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells by crossing ShcA flox mice with SM22a-Cre transgenic mice. Conditional mutant mice developed signs of severe dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarctions, and premature death. No evidence of a vascular contribution to the phenotype was observed. Histological analysis of the heart revealed aberrant sarcomeric Z-disk and M-band structures, and misalignments of T-tubules with Z-disks. We find that not only the ErbB3/Neuregulin signaling pathway but also the baroreceptor reflex response, which have been functionally associated, are altered in the mutant mice. We further demonstrate that ShcA interacts with Caveolin-1 and the costameric protein plasma membrane Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent ATPase (PMCA), and that its deletion leads to abnormal dystrophin signaling. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ShcA interacts with crucial proteins and pathways that link Z-disk and costamere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mlih
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Lionel Host
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Niederhoffer
- the Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department, EA 7296, Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- the Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department, EA 7296, Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Terrand
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- the IGBMC, INSERM U964 CNRS UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Michael Radke
- the Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany, the DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- the Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany, the DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Bruban
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Frank Kober
- the CRMBM, CNRS, UMR 7339, University of Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France, and
| | - Monique Bernard
- the CRMBM, CNRS, UMR 7339, University of Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France, and
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- the CREATIS-LRMN, CNRS, UMR 5220, U630 INSERM, 69621 Villeurbanne, Lyon-1 University, Lyon, France
| | | | - Philippe Boucher
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France,
| | - Rachel L Matz
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France,
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Vasti C, Hertig CM. Neuregulin-1/erbB activities with focus on the susceptibility of the heart to anthracyclines. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:653-662. [PMID: 25068025 PMCID: PMC4110613 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i7.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) signaling through the tyrosine kinase receptors erbB2 and erbB4 is required for cardiac morphogenesis, and it plays an essential role in maintaining the myocardial architecture during adulthood. The tyrosine kinase receptor erbB2 was first linked to the amplification and overexpression of erbb2 gene in a subtype of breast tumor cells, which is indicative of highly proliferative cells and likely a poor prognosis following conventional chemotherapy. The development of targeted therapies to block the survival of erbB2-positive cancer cells revealed that impaired NRG1 signaling through erbB2/erbB4 heterodimers combined with anthracycline chemotherapy may lead to dilated cardiomyopathy in a subpopulation of treated patients. The ventricular-specific deletion of either erbb2 or erbb4 manifested dilated cardiomyopathy, which is aggravated by the administration of doxorubicin. Based on the exacerbated toxicity displayed by the combined treatment, it is expected that the relevant pathways would be affected in a synergistic manner. This review examines the NRG1 activities that were monitored in different model systems, focusing on the emerging pathways and molecular targets, which may aid in understanding the acquired dilated cardiomyopathy that occurs under the conditions of NRG1-deficient signaling.
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Mendes-Ferreira P, De Keulenaer GW, Leite-Moreira AF, Brás-Silva C. Therapeutic potential of neuregulin-1 in cardiovascular disease. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:836-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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