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Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081658. [PMID: 33924500 PMCID: PMC8070511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of a panel of salivary cytokines as biomarkers for early detection oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), comparing their levels among healthy individuals, patients with oral leukoplakia (OL), and malignant lesions. Cytokine profiling analysis performed in a minimally invasive sample was correlated with clinicopathological variables in our patient cohorts. Unstimulated saliva was obtained from subjects with OSCC at early (n = 33) and advanced (n = 33) disease, OL with homogeneous (n = 33) and proliferative verrucous (n = 33) clinical presentations, and healthy controls (n = 25). Salivary IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, HCC-1, and PF-4 levels were analyzed by a sensitive bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Mean levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, HCC-1, MCP-1, and PF-4 differed significantly between OSCC, OL, and control saliva (p < 0.05). We found notably higher IL-6 and TNF-α in advanced compared to early OSCC stages. The area under the curve (AUC) for OSCC vs. control was greater than 0.8 for IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and HCC-1, and greater than 0.7 for PF-4. The presence of neck metastases (NM) was associated with increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Our findings suggest that salivary IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, HCC-1, and PF-4 may discriminate between OSCC, OL, and healthy controls. IL-6 and TNF-α may indicate OSCC progression, being distinctive in the presence of NM.
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Rong L, Wang L, Shuai Y, Guo H, Liu K. CXCL14 regulates cell proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1664930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Rong
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Implantation, Pu Ren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi Shuai
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Yang XY, Ozawa S, Kato Y, Maehata Y, Izukuri K, Ikoma T, Kanamori K, Akasaka T, Suzuki K, Iwabuchi H, Kurata SI, Katoh I, Sakurai T, Kiyono T, Hata RI. C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14 is a Unique Multifunctional Regulator of Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1872. [PMID: 31014014 PMCID: PMC6514660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death and disease worldwide, with a tremendous financial impact. Thus, the development of cost-effective novel approaches for suppressing tumor growth and progression is essential. In an attempt to identify the mechanisms responsible for tumor suppression, we screened for molecules downregulated in a cancer progression model and found that the chemokine CXCL14, also called BRAK, was the most significantly downregulated. Increasing the production of CXCL14 protein by transfecting tumor cells with a CXCL14 expression vector and transplanting the cells into the back skin of immunodeficient mice suppressed tumor cell growth compared with that of parental tumor cells, suggesting that CXCL14 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. However, some studies have reported that over-expression of CXCL14, especially in stromal cells, stimulated the progression of tumor formation. Transgenic mice expressing 10-fold more CXCL14 protein than wild-type C57BL/6 mice showed reduced rates of chemical carcinogenesis, transplanted tumor growth, and metastasis without apparent side effects. CXCL14 also acts as an antimicrobial molecule. In this review, we highlight recent studies involving the identification and characterization of CXCL14 in cancer progression and discuss the reasons for the context-dependent effects of CXCL14 on tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Yang
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, 520-11 Kuwabara, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Ozawa
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Yojiro Maehata
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Izukuri
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Takeharu Ikoma
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Kanamori
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Akasaka
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Iwabuchi
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichi Kurata
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Iyoko Katoh
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, Department of Cell Culture Technology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hata
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
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Yang XY, Miyamoto C, Akasaka T, Izukuri K, Maehata Y, Ikoma T, Ozawa S, Hata RI. Chemokine CXCL14 is a multistep tumor suppressor. J Oral Biosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Suppressed rate of carcinogenesis and decreases in tumour volume and lung metastasis in CXCL14/BRAK transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9083. [PMID: 25765541 PMCID: PMC4357995 DOI: 10.1038/srep09083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression involves carcinogenesis, an increase in tumour size, and metastasis. Here, we investigated the effect of overexpressed CXC chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14) on these processes by using CXCL14/BRAK (CXCL14) transgenic (Tg) mice. The rate of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in these mice was significantly lower compared with that for isogenic wild type C57BL/6 (Wt) mice. When tumour cells were injected into these mice, the size of the tumours that developed and the number of metastatic nodules in the lungs of the animals were always significantly lower in the Tg mice than in the Wt ones. Injection of anti-asialo-GM1 antibodies to the mice before and after injection of tumour cells attenuated the suppressing effects of CXCL14 on the tumor growth and metastasis, suggesting that NK cell activity played an important role during CXCL14-mediated suppression of tumour growth and metastasis. The importance of NK cells on the metastasis was also supported when CXCL14 was expressed in B16 melanoma cells. Further, the survival rates after tumour cell injection were significantly increased for the Tg mice. As these Tg mice showed no obvious abnormality, we propose that CXCL14 to be a promising molecular target for cancer suppression/prevention.
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Cao Q, Chen H, Deng Z, Yue J, Chen Q, Cao Y, Ning L, Lei X, Duan E. Genetic deletion of Cxcl14 in mice alters uterine NK cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013. [DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cao Q, Chen H, Deng Z, Yue J, Chen Q, Cao Y, Ning L, Lei X, Duan E. Genetic deletion of Cxcl14 in mice alters uterine NK cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:664-70. [PMID: 23688424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The uterine natural killer cells (uNK cells) are the major immune cells in pregnant uterus and the number of uNK cells is dramatically increased during placentation and embryo development. The uNK cells are necessary for the immune tolerance, cytokine secretion and angiogenesis of placenta. Former studies indicated that the population expansion of uNK cells was accomplished through recruitment of NK cell precursors from the spleen and bone marrow, but not proliferation of NK cells. However, the necessary molecules within this process were little understood. Here in our study, we found the co-localized expression of Cxcl14 protein with uNK cells in E13.5 pregnant uterus. Moreover, we used Cxcl14 knockout mice to examine uNK cells in mesometrial lymphoid aggregate of pregnancy (MLAp) and decidua basalis (DB) of E13.5 pregnant uterus and found significantly decreased uNK cells in Cxcl14(-/-) pregnant uteri compared with Cxcl14(+/-) pregnant uteri. To further explorer the molecular change in MLAp and DB after Cxcl14 knockout, we isolated the MLAp and DB from Cxcl14(+/+) and Cxcl14(-/-) pregnant uteri and performed microarray analysis. We found many genes were up and down regulated after Cxcl14 knockout. In conclusion, our results suggested the important function of Cxcl14 in uNK cells and the proper level of Cxcl14 protein were required to recruit NK cells to pregnant uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China
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