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Singh C, Kumar R, Sehgal H, Bhati S, Singhal T, Gayacharan, Nimmy MS, Yadav R, Gupta SK, Abdallah NA, Hamwieh A, Kumar R. Unclasping potentials of genomics and gene editing in chickpea to fight climate change and global hunger threat. Front Genet 2023; 14:1085024. [PMID: 37144131 PMCID: PMC10153629 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1085024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomics and genome editing promise enormous opportunities for crop improvement and elementary research. Precise modification in the specific targeted location of a genome has profited over the unplanned insertional events which are generally accomplished employing unadventurous means of genetic modifications. The advent of new genome editing procedures viz; zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), homing endonucleases, transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs), Base Editors (BEs), and Primer Editors (PEs) enable molecular scientists to modulate gene expressions or create novel genes with high precision and efficiency. However, all these techniques are exorbitant and tedious since their prerequisites are difficult processes that necessitate protein engineering. Contrary to first generation genome modifying methods, CRISPR/Cas9 is simple to construct, and clones can hypothetically target several locations in the genome with different guide RNAs. Following the model of the application in crop with the help of the CRISPR/Cas9 module, various customized Cas9 cassettes have been cast off to advance mark discrimination and diminish random cuts. The present study discusses the progression in genome editing apparatuses, and their applications in chickpea crop development, scientific limitations, and future perspectives for biofortifying cytokinin dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, superoxide dismutase to induce drought resistance, heat tolerance and higher yield in chickpea to encounter global climate change, hunger and nutritional threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charul Singh
- USBT, Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad Prayagraj, Prayagraj, India
| | - Hansa Sehgal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences, Pilani, India
| | - Sharmista Bhati
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Tripti Singhal
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayacharan
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - M. S. Nimmy
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Aladdin Hamwieh
- The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Fei X, Huang X, Li Z, Li X, He C, Xiao S, Li Y, Zhang X, Deng X. Effect of marker-free transgenic Chlamydomonas on the control of Aedes mosquito population and on plankton. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 36653886 PMCID: PMC9847121 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of the world's population suffers from epidemic diseases that are spread by mosquitoes. The primary strategy used to stop the spread of mosquito-borne diseases is vector control. Interference RNA (RNAi) is a powerful tool for controlling insect populations and may be less susceptible to insect resistance than other strategies. However, public concerns have been raised because of the transfer of antibiotic resistance marker genes to environmental microorganisms after integration into the recipient genome, thus allowing the pathogen to acquire resistance. Therefore, in the present study, we modified the 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase (3hkt) and hormone receptor 3 (hr3) RNAi vectors to remove antibiotic resistance marker genes and retain the expression cassette of the inverse repeat sequence of the 3hkt/hr3 target gene. This recombinant microalgal marker-free RNAi insecticide was subsequently added to the suburban water in a simulated-field trial to test its ability to control mosquito population. METHODS The expression cassette of the 3hkt/hr3 inverted repeat sequence and a DNA fragment of the argininosuccinate lyase gene without the ampicillin resistance gene were obtained using restriction enzyme digestion and recovery. After the cotransformation of Chlamydomonas, the recombinant algae was then employed to feed Aedes albopictus larvae. Ten and 300 larvae were used in small- and large-scale laboratory Ae.albopictus feeding trials, respectively. Simulated field trials were conducted using Meishe River water that was complemented with recombinant Chlamydomonas. Moreover, the impact of recombinant microalgae on phytoplankton and zooplankton in the released water was explored via high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The marker-free RNAi-recombinant Chlamydomonas effectively silenced the 3hkt/hr3 target gene, resulting in the inhibition of Ae. albopictus development and also in the high rate of Ae. albopictus larvae mortality in the laboratory and simulated field trials. In addition, the results confirmed that the effect of recombinant Chlamydomonas on plankton in the released water was similar to that of the nontransgenic Chlamydomonas, which could reduce the abundance and species of plankton. CONCLUSIONS The marker-free RNAi-recombinant Chlamydomonas are highly lethal to the Ae. albopictus mosquito, and their effect on plankton in released water is similar to that of the nontransgenic algal strains, which reduces the abundance and species of plankton. Thus, marker-free recombinant Chlamydomonas can be used for mosquito biorational control and mosquito-borne disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Fei
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinghan Li
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Changhao He
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Sha Xiao
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yajun Li
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China ,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China ,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodong Deng
- grid.509158.0Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, China ,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou, China ,grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Zhanjiang Experimental Station, CATAS, Zhanjiang, China
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Kakkalameli S, Daphedar AB, Faniband B, Sharma S, Nadda AK, Ferreira LFR, Bilal M, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Mulla SI. Biopolymers and Environment. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Smitha PK, Bathula C, Kumar AM, Chandrashekara KN, Dhar SK, Das M. Correlation of Cry1Ac mRNA and protein abundance in transgenic Gossypium hirsutum plant. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:289. [PMID: 34109092 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription and translation in eukaryotes are distinct processes of the molecular cascade leading to protein production from genetic material. However, establishing correlation between mRNA expression and protein abundance, the end results of the two processes of central dogma, remains a challenge. For transgenic plants, such correlation between mRNA and protein expression serves as a guide to design the transgene, in particular the choices of promoter and codon usage to ensure stable expression of the target protein in relevant tissues under various stress conditions. To elucidate level of mRNA-protein correlation in a commercial transgenic cotton plant Gossypium hirsutum, Bollgard II® (MON15985), we present the results of Cry1Ac protein expression correlating with corresponding mRNA levels. Protein was quantitated using a home-grown validated ELISA assay with a monoclonal-polyclonal antibody pair, whereas mRNA level was detected by a real-time quantitative PCR assay using standardized reference genes. Our results indicate that protein and mRNA levels are highly correlated in the leaves, but not in squares and stem. The correlations seem to be consistent between young and mature leaves and increase over time of harvesting of samples from months 1-3. These findings demonstrate that transcript level measurement could serve as a proxy to protein abundance for this commercially important cotton species, particularly for leaf tissues which are the most vulnerable organs to cotton bollworms and other pathogens. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02828-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Smitha
- Tumor Immunology Program, MSMF, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, 8th floor, Bommasandra, Bangalore, 560 099 Karnataka India
- Department of Biotechnology, Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Christopher Bathula
- Tumor Immunology Program, MSMF, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, 8th floor, Bommasandra, Bangalore, 560 099 Karnataka India
| | - Anil M Kumar
- Incite Lab, MSMF, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Beyond Antibody, Narayana Health City, 8th floor, Bommasandra, Bangalore, 560 099 Karnataka India
| | - K N Chandrashekara
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Tea Research Institute, Nirar Dam, Valparai, Coimbatore, 642 127 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sujan K Dhar
- Incite Lab, MSMF, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Beyond Antibody, Narayana Health City, 8th floor, Bommasandra, Bangalore, 560 099 Karnataka India
| | - Manjula Das
- Tumor Immunology Program, MSMF, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, 8th floor, Bommasandra, Bangalore, 560 099 Karnataka India
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Adoption of Genetically Modified Crops Can Ensure Food Security in India. NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-019-00829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bak A, Emerson JB. Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) Biology, Management, and Relevance to GM Plant Detection for Sustainable Organic Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Garcia Ruiz MT, Knapp AN, Garcia-Ruiz H. Profile of genetically modified plants authorized in Mexico. GM CROPS & FOOD 2018; 9:152-168. [PMID: 30388927 PMCID: PMC6277063 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2018.1507601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mexico is a center of origin for several economically important plants including maize, cotton, and cocoa. Maize represents more than a food crop, has been declared a biological, cultural, agricultural and economic patrimony, and is linked to the national identity of Mexicans. In this review, we describe the historic and current use of genetically modified plants in Mexico and factors that contributed to the development of the biosafety regulation. We developed a database containing all permit applications received by the government to release genetically modified plants. A temporal and geographical analysis identified the plant species that have been authorized for experimental purposes, pilot programs, or commercial production, the geographic areas where they have been released, and the traits that have been introduced. Results show that Mexico has faced a dual challenge: accepting the benefits of genetically modified plants and their products, while protecting native plant biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron N. Knapp
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
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Abdallah NA, Prakash CS, McHughen AG. Genome editing for crop improvement: Challenges and opportunities. GM CROPS & FOOD 2015; 6:183-205. [PMID: 26930114 PMCID: PMC5033222 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2015.1129937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome or gene editing includes several new techniques to help scientists precisely modify genome sequences. The techniques also enables us to alter the regulation of gene expression patterns in a pre-determined region and facilitates novel insights into the functional genomics of an organism. Emergence of genome editing has brought considerable excitement especially among agricultural scientists because of its simplicity, precision and power as it offers new opportunities to develop improved crop varieties with clear-cut addition of valuable traits or removal of undesirable traits. Research is underway to improve crop varieties with higher yields, strengthen stress tolerance, disease and pest resistance, decrease input costs, and increase nutritional value. Genome editing encompasses a wide variety of tools using either a site-specific recombinase (SSR) or a site-specific nuclease (SSN) system. Both systems require recognition of a known sequence. The SSN system generates single or double strand DNA breaks and activates endogenous DNA repair pathways. SSR technology, such as Cre/loxP and Flp/FRT mediated systems, are able to knockdown or knock-in genes in the genome of eukaryotes, depending on the orientation of the specific sites (loxP, FLP, etc.) flanking the target site. There are 4 main classes of SSN developed to cleave genomic sequences, mega-nucleases (homing endonuclease), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the CRISPR/Cas nuclease system (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein). The recombinase mediated genome engineering depends on recombinase (sub-) family and target-site and induces high frequencies of homologous recombination. Improving crops with gene editing provides a range of options: by altering only a few nucleotides from billions found in the genomes of living cells, altering the full allele or by inserting a new gene in a targeted region of the genome. Due to its precision, gene editing is more precise than either conventional crop breeding methods or standard genetic engineering methods. Thus this technology is a very powerful tool that can be used toward securing the world's food supply. In addition to improving the nutritional value of crops, it is the most effective way to produce crops that can resist pests and thrive in tough climates. There are 3 types of modifications produced by genome editing; Type I includes altering a few nucleotides, Type II involves replacing an allele with a pre-existing one and Type III allows for the insertion of new gene(s) in predetermined regions in the genome. Because most genome-editing techniques can leave behind traces of DNA alterations evident in a small number of nucleotides, crops created through gene editing could avoid the stringent regulation procedures commonly associated with GM crop development. For this reason many scientists believe plants improved with the more precise gene editing techniques will be more acceptable to the public than transgenic plants. With genome editing comes the promise of new crops being developed more rapidly with a very low risk of off-target effects. It can be performed in any laboratory with any crop, even those that have complex genomes and are not easily bred using conventional methods.
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