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Ma T, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Attiogbe KB, Fan X, Fan W, Sun J, Luo Y, Yu X, Ji W, Cheng X, Wu X. The Resistance of Soybean Variety Heinong 84 to Apple Latent Spherical Virus Is Controlled by Two Genetic Loci. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2034. [PMID: 38396711 PMCID: PMC10889123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) is widely used as a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for function genome study. However, the application of ALSV to soybeans is limited by the resistance of many varieties. In this study, the genetic locus linked to the resistance of a resistant soybean variety Heinong 84 was mapped by high-throughput sequencing-based bulk segregation analysis (HTS-BSA) using a hybrid population crossed from Heinong 84 and a susceptible variety, Zhonghuang 13. The results showed that the resistance of Heinong 84 to ALSV is controlled by two genetic loci located on chromosomes 2 and 11, respectively. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed for identification and genotyping. Inheritance and biochemical analyses suggest that the resistance locus on chromosome 2 plays a dominant dose-dependent role, while the other locus contributes a secondary role in resisting ALSV. The resistance locus on chromosome 2 might encode a protein that can directly inhibit viral proliferation, while the secondary resistance locus on chromosome 11 may encode a host factor required for viral proliferation. Together, these data reveal novel insights on the resistance mechanism of Heinong 84 to ALSV, which will benefit the application of ALSV as a VIGS vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuai Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Kekely Bruno Attiogbe
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xinyue Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Wenqian Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Yalou Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xinwei Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Weiqin Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
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Li C, Hu Q, Luo Z, Wang X, Tang W, Lu H, Ma C, Kong X. C-terminally encoded peptides act as signals to increase cotton root nitrate uptake under nonuniform salinity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:530-545. [PMID: 37757884 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is often heterogeneous in saline fields. Nonuniform root salinity increases nitrate uptake into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) root portions exposed to low salinity, which may be regulated by root portions exposed to high salinity through a systemic long-distance signaling mechanism. However, the signals transmitted between shoots and roots and their precise molecular mechanisms for regulating nitrate uptake remain unknown. Here, we showed that nonuniform root salinity treatment using split-root systems increases the expression of C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (GhCEP) genes in high-saline-treated root portions. GhCEP peptides originating in high-saline-treated root portions act as ascending long-distance mobile signals transported to the shoots to promote the expression of CEP DOWNSTREAM (GhCEPD) genes by inducing the expression of CEP receptor (GhCEPR) genes. The shoot-derived GhCEPD polypeptides act as descending mobile signals transported to the roots through the phloem, increasing the expression of nitrate transport genes NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1.1 (GhNRT1.1), GhNRT2.1, and GhNRT1.5 in nonsaline-treated root portions, thereby increasing nitrate uptake in the nonsaline-treated root portions. This study indicates that GhCEP and GhCEPD signals are transported between roots and shoots to increase nitrate uptake in cotton, and the transport from the nonsaline root side is in response to nonuniform root salinity distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Hu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Hequan Lu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiangqiang Kong
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
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Wang X, Luo Z, Hu Q, Tang W, Lu H, Ma C, Wang Z, Baltaevich AM, Kong X. Light induced shoot-sourced transcription factor HY5 regulates the nitrate uptake of cotton by shoot-to-root signal transport. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107738. [PMID: 37209452 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Elongated hypocotyls 5 (HY5) is a transcription factor that can be induced by illumination and promotes nitrate uptake in Arabidopsis. However, whether GhHY5 regulates nitrate uptake in cotton is unknown. In this study, the cotton seedlings growing in light and dark conditions were treated with 15N-labeled nutrient solution to study whether the GhHY5 regulates nitrate uptake in cotton. The results showed that the 15N content and GhNRT1.1 expression in the light condition were higher than that in the dark condition, indicating that light induced the expression of GhNRT1.1 and subsequently promoted N uptake. Additionally, the expression of GhHY5 in the leaf and root of cotton was induced by light and the expression pattern of GhHY5 in the root was similar to that of GhNRT1.1. Furthermore, when the GhHY5 expression in the root was reduced, the 15N content and GhNRT1.1 expression were both decreased, indicating that the GhNRT1.1 expression was regulated by GhHY5. The root expression of GhHY5 was decreased in the grafted seedlings which the GhHY5 in the shoot was silenced by VIGS or the seedlings which the hypocotyl was girdled, but the expression of GhHY5 on one side root of the grafted cotton seedling was not changed if the GhHY5 was silenced on the other side root. Thus, we proposed that the light induced shoot-derived GhHY5 gene or GhHY5 protein may be transported from the xylem to the root, regulating the expression of GhHY5 and GhNRT1.1, and thus regulating N uptake at the root of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China; School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Hu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China; School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Hequan Lu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Changle Ma
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Zenglan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | | | - Xiangqiang Kong
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China; School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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Zhou J, Luan X, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang J, Yang S, Liu S, Zhang J, Liu H, Yao D. Strategies and Methods for Improving the Efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing in Plant Molecular Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1478. [PMID: 37050104 PMCID: PMC10097296 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Following recent developments and refinement, CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology has become increasingly mature and is being widely used for crop improvement. The application of CRISPR/Cas9 enables the generation of transgene-free genome-edited plants in a short period and has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, high specificity, and low production costs, which greatly facilitate the study of gene functions. In plant molecular breeding, the gene-editing efficiency of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has proven to be a key step in influencing the effectiveness of molecular breeding, with improvements in gene-editing efficiency recently becoming a focus of reported scientific research. This review details strategies and methods for improving the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in plant molecular breeding, including Cas9 variant enzyme engineering, the effect of multiple promoter driven Cas9, and gRNA efficient optimization and expression strategies. It also briefly introduces the optimization strategies of the CRISPR/Cas12a system and the application of BE and PE precision editing. These strategies are beneficial for the further development and optimization of gene editing systems in the field of plant molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Xinchao Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Yixuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Lixue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Songnan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (S.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shuying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (S.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huijing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Dan Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
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Xu H, Guo Y, Qiu L, Ran Y. Progress in Soybean Genetic Transformation Over the Last Decade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900318. [PMID: 35755694 PMCID: PMC9231586 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the important food, feed, and biofuel crops in the world. Soybean genome modification by genetic transformation has been carried out for trait improvement for more than 4 decades. However, compared to other major crops such as rice, soybean is still recalcitrant to genetic transformation, and transgenic soybean production has been hampered by limitations such as low transformation efficiency and genotype specificity, and prolonged and tedious protocols. The primary goal in soybean transformation over the last decade is to achieve high efficiency and genotype flexibility. Soybean transformation has been improved by modifying tissue culture conditions such as selection of explant types, adjustment of culture medium components and choice of selection reagents, as well as better understanding the transformation mechanisms of specific approaches such as Agrobacterium infection. Transgenesis-based breeding of soybean varieties with new traits is now possible by development of improved protocols. In this review, we summarize the developments in soybean genetic transformation to date, especially focusing on the progress made using Agrobacterium-mediated methods and biolistic methods over the past decade. We also discuss current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- Tianjin Genovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Qiu,
| | - Yidong Ran
- Tianjin Genovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Yidong Ran,
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Song GC, Jeon J, Choi HK, Sim H, Kim S, Ryu C. Bacterial type III effector-induced plant C8 volatiles elicit antibacterial immunity in heterospecific neighbouring plants via airborne signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:236-247. [PMID: 34708407 PMCID: PMC9298316 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Upon sensing attack by pathogens and insect herbivores, plants release complex mixtures of volatile compounds. Here, we show that the infection of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) plants with the non-host bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato led to the production of microbe-induced plant volatiles (MIPVs). Surprisingly, the bacterial type III secretion system, which injects effector proteins directly into the plant cytosol to subvert host functions, was found to prime both intra- and inter-specific defense responses in neighbouring wild tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants. Screening of each of 16 effectors using the Pseudomonas fluorescens effector-to-host analyser revealed that an effector, HopP1, was responsible for immune activation in receiver tobacco plants. Further study demonstrated that 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone and 3-octanol are novel MIPVs emitted by the lima bean plant in a HopP1-dependent manner. Exposure to synthetic 1-octen-3-ol activated immunity in tobacco plants against a virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. Our results show for the first time that a bacterial type III effector can trigger the emission of C8 plant volatiles that mediate defense priming via plant-plant interactions. These results provide novel insights into the role of airborne chemicals in bacterial pathogen-induced inter-specific plant-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryInfectious Disease Research Center, KRIBBDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Je‐Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryInfectious Disease Research Center, KRIBBDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Choi
- Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryInfectious Disease Research Center, KRIBBDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Hee‐Jung Sim
- Environmental Chemistry Research GroupKorea Institute of Toxicology (KIT)JinjuSouth Korea
| | - Sang‐Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Choong‐Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryInfectious Disease Research Center, KRIBBDaejeonSouth Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering ProgramUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)DaejeonSouth Korea
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Li X, Kong X, Zhou J, Luo Z, Lu H, Li W, Tang W, Zhang D, Ma C, Zhang H, Dong H. Seeding depth and seeding rate regulate apical hook formation by inducing GhHLS1 expression via ethylene during cotton emergence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:92-100. [PMID: 33975148 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Apical hook formation is essential for the emergence and stand establishment of cotton plants. Searching for agronomic measures to regulate apical hook formation and clarifying its mechanism are important for full stand establishment in cotton. In this study, cotton seeds were sown at varying seeding rates or depths in sand to determine if and how apical hook formation was regulated by seeding rates or depths. The results showed that deep seeding or low seeding rates increased mechanical pressure and then increased ethylene content by increasing GhACO1 and GhACS2 expression to improve apical hook formation. Silencing of the GhACO1 and GhACS2 genes or exogenous application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) decreased the ethylene content and inhibited apical hook formation in the cotton seedlings. Deep seeding, a low seeding rate, or 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) treatment increased the expression of GhHLS1 and GhPIF3 genes, but their expression was decreased in theVIGS-ACO1 and VIGS-ACS2 seedlings. Silencing of the GhHLS1 and GhPIF3 genes inhibited apical hook formation, although the expression of GhACO1 and GhACS2 was unchanged. GhPIF3 may act upstream of GhHLS1, as the expression of GhPIF3 in the VIGS-HLS1 seedlings was unchanged, while the expression of GhHLS1 in the VIGS-PIF3 seedlings decreased. These results suggested that raised mechanical pressure could increase ethylene content by inducing GhACO1 and GhACS2 gene expression, which promoted apical hook formation by increasing the expression of GhHLS1. Therefore, adjusting the mechanical pressure through changing the seeding depth or seeding rate is an important means to regulate apical hook formation and emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China; School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Xiangqiang Kong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China; School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Jingyuan Zhou
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China; School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Hequan Lu
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Weijiang Li
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Changle Ma
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Hezhong Dong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China; School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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Misra RC, Sharma S, Garg A, Ghosh S. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum). Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2172:123-138. [PMID: 32557366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0751-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful reverse genetic tool for rapid functional analysis of plant genes. Over the last decade, VIGS has been widely used for conducting rapid gene knockdown experiment in plants and played a crucial role in advancing applied and basic research in plant science. VIGS was studied extensively in model plants Arabidopsis and tobacco. Moreover, several non-model plants such as Papaver (Hileman et al., Plant J 44:334-341, 2005), Aquilegia (Gould and Kramer, Plant Methods 3:6, 2007), Catharanthus (Liscombe and O'Connor, Phytochemistry 72:1969-1977, 2011), Withania (Singh et al., Plant Biol J 13:1287-1299, 2015), and Ocimum (Misra et al., New Phytol 214:706-720, 2017) were also successfully explored. We have recently developed a robust protocol for VIGS in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Sweet basil, a popular medicinal/aromatic herb, is being studied for the diversity of specialized metabolites produced in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chandra Misra
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Metabolic Biology Department,, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Shubha Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Anchal Garg
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.
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Zhang J, Wang F, Zhang C, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu G, Zhao Y, Hao F, Zhang J. A novel VIGS method by agroinoculation of cotton seeds and application for elucidating functions of GhBI-1 in salt-stress response. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1091-1100. [PMID: 29868984 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A VIGS method by agroinoculation of cotton seeds was developed for gene silencing in young seedlings and roots, and applied in functional analysis of GhBI-1 in response to salt stress. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been widely used to investigate the functions of genes expressed in mature leaves, but not yet in young seedlings or roots of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Here, we developed a simple and effective VIGS method for silencing genes in young cotton seedlings and roots by soaking naked seeds in Agrobacterium cultures carrying tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-VIGS vectors. When the naked seeds were soaked in Agrobacterium cultures with an OD600 of 1.5 for 90 min, it was optimal for silencing genes effectively in young seedlings as clear photo-bleaching phenotype in the newly emerging leaves of pTRV:GhCLA1 seedlings were observed at 12-14 days post inoculation. Silencing of GhPGF (cotton pigment gland formation) by this method resulted in a 90% decrease in transcript abundances of the gene in roots at the early development stage. We further used the tool to investigate function of GhBI-1 (cotton Bax inhibitor-1) gene in response to salt stress and demonstrated that GhBI-1 might play a protective role under salt stress by suppressing stress-induced cell death in cotton. Our results showed that the newly established VIGS method is a powerful tool for elucidating functions of genes in cotton, especially the genes expressed in young seedlings and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chuanyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fushun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Gedling CR, Ali EM, Gunadi A, Finer JJ, Xie K, Liu Y, Yoshikawa N, Qu F, Dorrance AE. Improved apple latent spherical virus-induced gene silencing in multiple soybean genotypes through direct inoculation of agro-infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana extract. PLANT METHODS 2018. [PMID: 29527233 PMCID: PMC5838930 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful genomics tool for interrogating the function of plant genes. Unfortunately, VIGS vectors often produce disease symptoms that interfere with the silencing phenotypes of target genes, or are frequently ineffective in certain plant genotypes or tissue types. This is especially true in crop plants like soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. To address these shortcomings, we modified the inoculation procedure of a VIGS vector based on Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV). The efficacy of this new procedure was assessed in 19 soybean genotypes using a soybean Phytoene desaturase (GmPDS1) gene as the VIGS target. Silencing of GmPDS1 was easily scored as photo-bleached leaves and/or stems. RESULTS In this report, the ALSV VIGS vector was modified by mobilizing ALSV cDNAs into a binary vector compatible with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated delivery, so that VIGS-triggering ALSV variants could be propagated in agro-infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Homogenate of these N. benthamiana leaves was then applied directly onto the unifoliate of young soybean seedlings to initiate systemic gene silencing. This rapid inoculation method bypassed the need for a particle bombardment apparatus. Among the 19 soybean genotypes evaluated with this new method, photo-bleaching indicative of GmPDS1 silencing was observed in nine, with two exhibiting photo-bleaching in 100% of the inoculated individuals. ALSV RNA was detected in pods, embryos, stems, leaves, and roots in symptomatic plants of four genotypes. CONCLUSIONS This modified protocol allowed for inoculation of soybean plants via simple mechanical rubbing with the homogenate of N. benthamiana leaves agro-infiltrated with ALSV VIGS constructs. More importantly, inoculated plants showed no apparent virus disease symptoms which could otherwise interfere with VIGS phenotypes. This streamlined procedure expanded this functional genomics tool to nine soybean genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Gedling
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - E. M. Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
- Present Address: Washington State University, 1100 N Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
| | - A. Gunadi
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - J. J. Finer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - K. Xie
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - N. Yoshikawa
- Plant Pathology Lab, Facility of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - F. Qu
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - A. E. Dorrance
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
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11
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Cheol Song G, Sim HJ, Kim SG, Ryu CM. Root-mediated signal transmission of systemic acquired resistance against above-ground and below-ground pathogens. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:821-831. [PMID: 27555496 PMCID: PMC5055637 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Plants modulate defence signalling networks in response to various biotic stresses via inter-organ communications. The root-mediated transmission of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against soil-borne and air-borne plant pathogens from SAR-induced plants to neighbouring plants subjected to local chemical and pathogen treatments was evaluated. Methods The first two plants out of ten Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings were pre-treated with the SAR-triggering chemical benzothiadiazole (BTH). All ten seedlings were then challenged with two pathogenic bacteria, i.e. the root (bacterial wilt) pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and the leaf (wildfire) pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, at 7 d after SAR induction. Key Results Disease severity was noticeably lower in BTH-pre-treated plants than in the control. Surprisingly, two plants located next to BTH-treated plants exhibited reduced disease symptoms indicating that SAR signal transmission occurred through the root system. Determinant(s) secreted from the root system were search for and it was found that salicylic acid (SA) is a major molecule involved in SAR transmission through the root. Analysis of the expression of the defence-related genes N. benthamiana pathogenesis-related gene 1a (NbPR1a) and NbPR2 confirmed that BTH treatment elicited SAR via root-root transmission between plants. Plants with knock-down of the multiple resistance component SGT1 and SA biosynthesis-related gene ICS1 by Tobacco rattle virus-mediated virus-induced gene silencing exhibited a lack of root-mediated SAR transmission. The biological relevance of this finding was validated by challenge with the SAR-inducing avirulent pathogen P. syringae pv. syringae instead of BTH, which produced similar results. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that SAR is transmissible through the root system from SAR-triggered plants to neighbouring plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Superbacteria Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Superbacteria Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
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