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Deckey DG, Doan M, Hassebrock JD, Patel KA, Economopoulos K, Tokish JM, Bingham JS, Chhabra A. Prevalence of Cannabinoid (CBD) Use in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Patients. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221087629. [PMID: 35400139 PMCID: PMC8988677 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221087629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although there is some evidence that cannabinoid (CBD) products may provide a therapeutic effect for musculoskeletal pain, little is known about the usage patterns or their prevalence of use in orthopaedic sports medicine patients. Purpose: To report the prevalence and perceived self-efficacy of CBD products in patients evaluated in an orthopaedic sports medicine clinic. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The study population consisted of new patients who visited an orthopaedic surgery sports medicine clinic at a large academic center for consultation with a surgeon between August 2020 and March 2021. All patients were asked to complete a survey that assessed perceived pain and effectiveness of CBD products and other nonsurgical treatment modalities using the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score (range, 0-100) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS). Descriptive factors were collected via chart review. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data. Results: Overall, 823 patients completed the survey (45.4% female; mean age, 51 years [range, 18-87 years]; mean body mass index, 28.9 [range, 17.2-58.4]). Body areas involved included 285 shoulders, 44 elbows, 76 hips, 276 knees, 58 ankles, and 77 other. Of these patients, 19% (152/823) endorsed the use of CBD products before their initial evaluation. The mean NRS for pain was significantly different between non-CBD users and CBD users (5.6 vs 6.1; P = .029). CBD users were significantly more likely to have tried other nonoperative modalities compared with nonusers, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (79.6% vs 69.8%; P = .032), bracing (44.7% vs 34.6%; P = .024), steroid injections (38.8% vs 21.6%; P < .001), and physical therapy (54% vs 36.1%; P < .001). In addition, 30.9% of CBD utilizers reported marijuana use compared with 2.8% of non-CBD users ( P < .001) for management of their pain. Conclusion: In the current study, 19% of patients had used CBD products to manage joint-related issues. Sports medicine providers should be aware of this high incidence of usage and the potential interactions CBD products may have with other treatment modalities. Further studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of CBD as a therapeutic agent and the specific interactions it has with other drugs and other forms of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Deckey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew Doan
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Karan A. Patel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Kostas Economopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - John M. Tokish
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Joshua S. Bingham
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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Ng JY, Dzisiak DA, Saini JB. Cannabis for pain: a cross-sectional survey of the patient information quality on the Internet. J Cannabis Res 2021; 3:36. [PMID: 34399853 PMCID: PMC8369629 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-021-00093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis has increasingly become an alternative treatment for chronic pain, however, there is evidence of concomitant negative health effects with its long-term usage. Patients contemplating cannabis use for pain relief commonly see information online but may not be able to identify trustworthy and accurate sources, therefore, it is imperative that healthcare practitioners play a role in assisting them in discerning the quality of information. The present study assesses the quality of web-based consumer health information available at the intersection of cannabis and pain. METHODS A cross-sectional quality assessment of website information was conducted. Three countries were searched on Google: Canada, the Netherlands, and the USA. The first 3 pages of generated websites were used in each of the 9 searches. Eligible websites contained cannabis consumer health information for pain treatment. Only English-language websites were included. Encyclopedias (i.e. Wikipedia), forums, academic journals, general news websites, major e-commerce websites, websites not publicly available, books, and video platforms were excluded. Information presented on eligible websites were assessed using the DISCERN instrument. The DISCERN instrument consists of three sections, the first focusing on the reliability of the publication, the second investigating individual aspects of the publication, and the third providing an overall averaged score. RESULTS Of 270 websites identified across searches, 216 were duplicates, and 18 were excluded based on eligibility criteria, resulting in 36 eligible websites. The average summed DISCERN score was 48.85 out of 75.00 (SD = 8.13), and the average overall score (question 16) was 3.10 out of 5.00 (SD = 0.62). These overall scores were calculated from combining the scores for questions 1 through 15 in the DISCERN instrument for each website. Websites selling cannabis products/services scored the lowest, while health portals scored the highest. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that online cannabis consumer health information for the treatment/management of pain presents biases to readers. These biases included websites: (1) selectively citing studies that supported the benefits associated with cannabis use, while neglecting to mention those discussing its risks, and (2) promoting cannabis as "natural" with the implication that this equated to "safe". Healthcare providers should be involved in the guidance of patients' seeking and use of online information on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Y. Ng
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, Room 2112, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Darragh A. Dzisiak
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, Room 2112, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Jessica B. Saini
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, Room 2112, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
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