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Gomes FDR, Ñaupas LVS, Palomino GJQ, Celiz RHY, Sá NAR, Novaes MAS, Ferreira ACA, Brito DCC, Freitas VJF, Costa BN, Lucci CM, Fernandes CCL, Rondina D, Figueiredo JR, Tetaping GM, Rodrigues APR. Definition of protocols for cryopreservation and three-dimensional in vitro culture of prepubertal goat testicular tissue after histomorphological, ultrastructural, and functional analysis. Theriogenology 2023; 211:151-160. [PMID: 37639997 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to define the best method (slow freezing or vitrification) and fragment size (1, 5, or 9 mm³) for prepubertal goat testis cryopreservation, as well as to evaluate testicular morphological integrity after cryopreservation and in vitro culture (IVC). Initially (experiment I), 1, 5, or 9 mm³ testis fragments were cryopreserved by slow freezing using a Mr. Frosty container with 20% Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or vitrified using the Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem (OTC) device, (Equilibration solution - ES: 10% DMSO and 10% ethylene glycol - EG; Vitrification solution - VS: 20% DMSO and 20% EG) and then subjected to morphological analysis, type I and III collagen quantification and gene expression (Oct4, C-kit, Bax, and Bcl-2). Subsequently, (experiment II), fresh or cryopreserved by slow freezing testis fragments were cultured in vitro and submitted to morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy. The data from the experiment I revealed fewer morphological alterations in 1 and 5 mm³ fragments after vitrification and slow freezing, respectively. The percentage of type I collagen fibers in 5 and 9 mm³ frozen was higher than in fresh or vitrified fragments. For type III collagen, fresh or frozen fragments of 1 and 5 mm3 showed a higher percentage than fragments of 9 mm3. Gene expression for Oct4 and C-kit after slow freezing or vitrification in the 5 mm3 fragments was lower than that observed in the fresh fragments. The Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in the 1 and 9 mm³ fragments was lower than in the 5 mm³ fragments for fresh fragments or after freezing. In experiment II, fragments cultured in vitro, previously frozen or not, showed more morphological alterations than fresh or frozen fragments. We concluded that slow freezing of 5 mm³ fragments was the best protocol for cryopreserving prepubertal goat testis and although the results of IVC are encouraging, it still needs improvement to restore testicular function after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D R Gomes
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - L V S Ñaupas
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - G J Q Palomino
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - R H Y Celiz
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - N A R Sá
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M A S Novaes
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A C A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - D C C Brito
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V J F Freitas
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction (LFCR), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - B N Costa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - C M Lucci
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - C C L Fernandes
- College of Health Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - D Rondina
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Production of Ruminants (LANUPRUMI), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - G M Tetaping
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A P R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Ovarian Pre-Antral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Liu J, Xiu W, Sui B, Jin Z, Xu X, Xia N, Duan G. Open controversies on the treatment of undescended testis: An update. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:874995. [PMID: 35967583 PMCID: PMC9363670 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.874995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism is a common congenital malformation in pediatric urology. Although there have been many studies on the etiology of the disease, it has not been fully clarified, and while its diagnostic and treatment models have gradually approached standardization and systematization, some controversies regarding treatment remain. Additionally, although ultrasound is a non-invasive examination without ionizing radiation, its role in the evaluation of cryptorchidism remains controversial. The main basis for treating cryptorchidism is orchidopexy, and the main view on treatment age is that treatment should be performed between 6 and 12 months after birth, but no more than 18 months after birth. The view on hormone therapy is still controversial because most scholars believe that early surgery is the key to treatment. There are many surgical treatment methods for cryptorchidism, including traditional open surgery and laparoscopic surgery, which provide satisfactory results. In conclusion, the treatment of undescended testis (UDT) had been largely standardized, apart from the treatment of high intra-abdominal testis (IAT), which remains a matter of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenli Xiu
- Institute of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bangzhi Sui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Institute of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangqi Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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