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Aboyadak I, Ali NG. Enrofloxacin, Effective Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis Infection in Oreochromis niloticus. Microorganisms 2024; 12:901. [PMID: 38792731 PMCID: PMC11124035 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum synthetic antimicrobial drug widely used in veterinary medicine. The present study aimed to determine the effective enrofloxacin dose for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis infection in Oreochromis niloticus. P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis isolates were verified using selective differential media and biochemically using the Vitek 2 test. Bacterial isolates were virulent for O. niloticus with LD50 equal to 2.03 × 106 and 2.22 × 107 CFU fish-1 for P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, respectively. Infected fish suffered from decreased feed intake followed by off-food, tail erosion, darkening of the external body surface, exophthalmia, ascites, and loss of escape reflex. Internally, congested hemorrhagic hepatopancreas with engorged distended gall bladder were dominant. The posterior kidney was congested with enlarged spleen, and empty elementary tract. Pathologically, severe degenerative changes were dominant in the hepatopancreas, posterior kidney, spleen, stomach, and gills of infected fish. Antimicrobial sensitivity test indicated the high susceptibility of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis to enrofloxacin with MIC estimated at 1 and 0.0625 µg/mL, respectively. Enrofloxacin effectively protected O. niloticus against E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa infection when used with medicated feed at doses of 10 and 20 mg kg-1 body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Gabr Ali
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo 4262110, Egypt;
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Sun W, Dang Y, Dai L, Liu C, Wang J, Guo Y, Fan B, Kong J, Zhou B, Ma X, Yu L. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate causes female-biased growth inhibition in zebrafish: Linked with gut microbiota dysbiosis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 260:106585. [PMID: 37247575 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is ubiquitous in aquatic environment, but its effect on intestinal health of fish has yet not been investigated. In the present study, the AB strain zebrafish embryos were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations (0, 30, 300, and 3000 ng·L-1) of TDCIPP for 90 days, after which the fish growth and physiological activities were evaluated, and the intestinal microbes were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Our results manifested that the body length and body weight were significantly reduced in the female zebrafish but not in males. Further analyses revealed that TDCIPP resulted in notable histological injury of intestine, which was accompanied by impairment of epithelial barrier integrity (decreased tight junction protein 2), inflammation responses (increased interleukin 1β), and disruption of neurotransmission (increased serotonin) in female intestine. Male intestines maintained intact intestinal structure, and the remarkably increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) might protect the male zebrafish from inflammation and intestinal damage. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that TDCIPP significantly altered the microbial communities in the intestine in a gender-specific manner, with a remarkable increase in alpha diversity of the gut microbiome in male zebrafish, which might be another mechanism for male fish to protect their intestines from damage by TDCIPP. Correlation analysis revealed that abnormal abundances of pathogenic bacteria (Chryseobacterium, Enterococcus, and Legionella) might be partially responsible for the impaired epithelial barrier integrity and inhibition in female zebrafish growth. Taken together, our study for the first time demonstrates the high susceptibility of intestinal health and gut microbiota of zebrafish to TDCIPP, especially for female zebrafish, which could be partially responsible for the female-biased growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yao Dang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Boya Fan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Kong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xufa Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Rizkiantino R, Pasaribu FH, Soejoedono RD, Arnafia W, Reisinta D, Yadiansyah RI, Halalludin B, Ardini Y, Khanaria G, Wibawan IWT. Chicken Enterococcus faecalis-induced immunoglobulin Y as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against streptococcosis in red tilapia ( Oreochromis hybrid). Vet World 2023; 16:175-186. [PMID: 36855368 PMCID: PMC9967709 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.175-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Streptococcosis is a common bacterial disease in red tilapia, in which Enterococcus faecalis infection has not been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pellets that contain chicken E. faecalis-induced immunoglobulin Y (IgY) to treat and prevent streptococcosis in red tilapia. Materials and Methods We conducted a 28-day study for immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy, each using four groups with two replications: Healthy control fish (KS), non-IgY pellets (PA and TA), pellets with 25% egg yolk containing E. faecalis-induced IgY (PB and TB), and pellets with 50% egg yolk containing E. faecalis-induced IgY(PC and TC). Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on prototype pellets produced with an IgY suspension at 1.63 mg/mL as the standard optical density curve. For the immunoprophylaxis study, pellets of 3% of the average body weight of the experimental fish (0.50 g per fish per day) were given daily until day 14 before the challenge test with E. faecalis (2.1 × 109 Colony-forming unit/mL peroral) on day 15. The data from the observation period on days 15-28 were analyzed. For the immunotherapy study, pellets of 3% of the average body weight (0.50 g per fish per day) were given daily for 21 days (days 8-28) 7 day spost-infection. The data from the immunotherapy study were collected during the observation period on days 8-28. Statistical analysis was performed on non-specific immune variables: Total leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, phagocytic activity, and macrophage capacity; and the semi-quantitative distribution of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in the lymphoid organs, such as spleen and liver. Photomacrographic data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively by comparing the healing process and clinical signs found between experiments in the immunotherapy study. Results The pellet with 50% egg yolk with an IgY at 2.43 mg/g pellet, 3% of body weight once daily, was the best formula on experimental fish. The administration of this formulation can also increase non-specific immunity and the distribution of MMCs in the spleen and liver with a survival rate of 55% for 14 days of challenge period in the immunoprophylaxis study and 70% for 21 days of therapy period in the immunotherapy study. Conclusion Immunoglobulin Y can be a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against streptococcal infections caused E. faecalis in red tilapia with an optimum dosage of 2.43 mg/g pellet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifky Rizkiantino
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia,Department of Central Laboratory, Division of Central Laboratory and Disease Research Center, Technology and Research Development, Central Proteina Prima (CP Prima) Inc., Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Retno Damajanti Soejoedono
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Wyanda Arnafia
- Division of Research and Development, Tekad Mandiri Citra Co., Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dinda Reisinta
- Division of Research and Development, Tekad Mandiri Citra Co., Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rifaldi Iqbal Yadiansyah
- Undergraduate Program of Applied Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Beni Halalludin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Division of Central Laboratory and Disease Research Center, Technology and Research Development, Central Proteina Prima (CP Prima) Inc., Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Yunita Ardini
- Department of Central Laboratory, Division of Central Laboratory and Disease Research Center, Technology and Research Development, Central Proteina Prima (CP Prima) Inc., Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Granita Khanaria
- Department of Central Laboratory, Division of Central Laboratory and Disease Research Center, Technology and Research Development, Central Proteina Prima (CP Prima) Inc., Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - I Wayan Teguh Wibawan
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia,Corresponding author: I Wayan Teguh Wibawan, e-mail: Co-authors: RR: , FHP: , RDS: , WA: , DR: , RIY: , BH: , YA: , GK:
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Rahman MM, Paul SI, Rahman A, Haque MS, Ador MAA, Foysal MJ, Islam MT, Rahman MM. Suppression of Streptococcosis and Modulation of the Gut Bacteriome in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) by the Marine Sediment Bacteria Bacillus haynesii and Advenella mimigardefordensis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0254222. [PMID: 36453920 PMCID: PMC9769507 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02542-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcosis is one of the major threats to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in most regions of the world. Recently, Enterococcus faecalis has been widely reported to be involved in streptococcosis in O. niloticus in Asia and Africa. This study aimed to isolate beneficial marine bacteria to evaluate their effects on growth, hematological parameters, nonspecific immunity, the gut bacteriome, and streptococcosis prevention efficacy in O. niloticus. A total of 36 marine soil bacteria were isolated, and in vitro screening was conducted to determine their antibacterial activities against fish pathogens. Two antagonistic bacteria were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Bacillus haynesii CD223 and Advenella mimigardefordensis SM421. These bacteria were incorporated into fish feed and fed to O. niloticus for 90 days. The application of these strains via incorporation into fish feed significantly promoted growth, improved hematological parameters and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, modulated the gut bacteriome by reducing the load of pathogenic Enterococcus spp., and developed disease prevention efficacy in O. niloticus. Furthermore, in vivo assays revealed that the inclusion of extracellular products (ECPs) (at 250 μg mL-1) of CD223 and SM421 with feed significantly enhanced the rate of survival (100%) of O. niloticus from streptococcosis compared to the controls (only 30%). The ECPs of these bacteria also prevented 90 to 100% of fish from developing streptococcosis. These strains could be promising for safe use in O. niloticus farming to prevent and control the emergence of streptococcosis caused by E. faecalis. IMPORTANCE Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most economically important cultured fish species throughout the world. Streptococcosis is a significant threat to global Nile tilapia farming. Enterococcus faecalis has recently emerged as an important pathogen of streptococcosis in Asia and Africa. The application of antibiotics and probiotics and vaccination are the major ways to combat streptococcosis. However, the extensive use of antibiotics leads to the development of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic as well as environmental bacteria, which is a great threat to public health. There is no study on preventing streptococcosis caused by E. faecalis using beneficial bacteria. For the first time, the present study demonstrated that two marine bacteria, Bacillus haynesii strain CD223 and Advenella mimigardefordensis strain SM421, have great potential for controlling streptococcosis in Nile tilapia. These bacteria also enhanced the growth, improved hematological parameters and IgM levels, and positively modulated the gut bacteriome of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Sulav Indra Paul
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Ashikur Rahman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shameul Haque
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ali Arman Ador
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Javed Foysal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Dolka B, Czopowicz M, Dolka I, Szeleszczuk P. Chicken embryo lethality assay for determining the lethal dose, tissue distribution and pathogenicity of clinical Enterococcus cecorum isolates from poultry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10675. [PMID: 35739309 PMCID: PMC9225985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum is a well-known component of the normal poultry intestinal microbiota and an important bacterial pathogen. Infections caused by E. cecorum have negative effects on the poultry production worldwide. In this study we used the SPF-chicken embryo lethality assay (ELA) to assess the pathogenic potential of E. cecorum. A total of 23 isolates were used: 19 clinical isolates from field outbreaks in different poultry groups (CB – broiler chickens, BB – broiler breeders, CL – layers, T– turkeys, W – waterfowl) and 4 commensal isolates. The cumulative mortality caused by all clinical isolates was higher (53.4%) than that of the commensals (38.9%). The highest mortality was induced by CB isolates (68.9%), followed by CL (60.4%), all chicken isolates (59.2%; CB, BB, CL), BB (45.8%), T (41.7%), non-chicken isolates (40.7%; T, W), and W isolates (39.8%). Most of the embryos that died, did die on the 1st day post-infection (dpi), except those infected with CB, CL (on 2 dpi). The median lethal dose (LD50) of E. cecorum ranged from 6.07 × 102 cfu/ml (CB isolates) and 1.42 × 104 cfu/ml (all clinical isolates) to 4.8 × 105 cfu/ml (commensal isolates). This study provides the first evidence of a wide tissue distribution and multiplication of E. cecorum in embryos. Dead embryos showed scattered petechiae, hemorrhages, aggregates of bacteria in blood vessels, multiple organ necrosis, and encephalomalacia. Our data indicate that surviving embryos were able to elicit innate immune response to infection. On the other hand, reisolation of viable bacteria from surviving embryos may suggest that E. cecorum could evade or resist immune mechanisms in order to persist in organs. Furthermore, body mass of surviving embryos was affected by the strain type, not the dose (bacterial concentration) used, and was lower for the infection with clinical strains. The results indicated the highest pathogenicity of clinical E. cecorum isolates from CB and CL flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabella Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szeleszczuk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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