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Luo X, Ni X, Zhi J, Jiang X, Bai R. Small molecule agents against alopecia: Potential targets and related pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116666. [PMID: 39002436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia has emerged as a global concern, extending beyond the middle-aged and elderly population and increasingly affecting younger individuals. Despite its growing prevalence, the treatment options and effective drugs for alopecia remain limited due to the incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the pathogenesis of alopecia and discover novel and safer therapeutic agents. This review provided an overview of the prevailing clinical disorders of alopecia, and the key pathways and targets involved in hair growth process. Additionally, it discusses FDA-approved drugs and clinical candidates for the treatment of alopecia, and explores small molecule compounds with anti-alopecia potential in the drug discovery phase. These endeavors are expected to provide researchers with valuable scientific insights and practical information for anti-alopecia drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xinhua Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Jia Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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Sun M, Jiang H, Lin S, Qin H, Ding X, Lai Y, Liu S, Liu M. Effects of photobiomodulation at various irradiances on normal and dihydrotestosterone-treated human hair dermal papilla cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300087. [PMID: 37418658 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss caused by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding to androgen receptors in dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a promising treatment for AGA but suffers from inconsistent outcomes and inconsistent effective light parameters. This study investigated the impact of red light at various irradiances on normal and DHT-treated DPCs. Our results suggested that red light at 8 mW/cm2 was most effective in promoting DPCs growth. Furthermore, a range of irradiances from 2 to 64 mW/cm2 modulated key signaling pathways, including Wnt, FGF, and TGF, in normal and DHT-treated DPCs. Interestingly, 8 mW/cm2 had a greater impact on these pathways in DHT-treated DPCs and altered the Shh pathway, suggesting that the effect of PBM varies with the cellular environment. This study highlights specific factors that influence PBM effectiveness and provides insight into the need for personalized PBM treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfei Lin
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haokuan Qin
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxian Lai
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Yang S, Yang G, Lin J, Zhao P, Ding J, Sun H, Meng T, Yang MM, Kang L, Liang Z. Novel risk score model for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy based on untargeted metabolomics of venous blood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1180415. [PMID: 37670880 PMCID: PMC10476524 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1180415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) occurs in the early stages of Diabetic retinopathy (DR), and the study of its metabolic markers will help to prevent DR. Hence, we aimed to establish a risk score based on multiple metabolites through untargeted metabolomic analysis of venous blood from NPDR patients and diabetic non-DR patients. Experimental Approach Untargeted metabolomics of venous blood samples from patients with NPDR, diabetes melitus without DR were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Detailed metabolomic evaluation showed distinct clusters of metabolites in plasma samples from patients with NPDR and diabetic non-DR patients. NPDR patients had significantly higher levels of phenylacetylglycine, L-aspartic acid, tiglylglycine, and 3-sulfinato-L-alaninate, and lower level of indolelactic acid, threonic acid, L-arginine (Arg), and 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid compared to control. The expression profiles of these eight NPDR risk-related characteristic metabolites were analyzed using Cox regression to establish a risk score model. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine that this risk score model was a predictor of independent prognosis for NPDR. Conclusions Untargeted metabolome analysis of blood metabolites revealed unreported metabolic alterations in NPDR patients compared with those in diabetic non-DR patients or MH. In the venous blood, we identified depleted metabolites thA and Arg, indicating that they might play a role in NPDR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangyan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jialong Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Zengcheng District People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyun Ding
- Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Ming Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- The Biobank of National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
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Dou J, Zhang Z, Xu X, Zhang X. Exploring the effects of Chinese herbal ingredients on the signaling pathway of alopecia and the screening of effective Chinese herbal compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115320. [PMID: 35483562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE alopecia is a hair disorder that can add a significant medical and psychological burden to patients. Currently, the FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are minoxidil and finasteride and immunosuppressives are therapeutic options for alopecia areata (AA), but the objective adverse effects and high cost of these treatments reduce patient compliance and thus the effectiveness of the drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has good efficacy, a high safety profile and low treatment costs, but its mechanism of action is still not fully understood. The use of signaling pathways to modulate hair loss is a major direction in the study of the pathogenesis and pharmacology of alopecia. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to collect the results of experimental studies related to alopecia, to screen previously documented combinations of herbs claimed to be effective based on the herbs and their constituent compounds used in the identified studies, and to uncover other useful information that we hope will better guide the clinical application and scientific research of drug combinations or individual herbs for the treatment of alopecia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have reviewed experimental studies to determine the methods used and the mechanisms of action of the herbs and constituent compounds. The following keywords were searched in databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and CSTJ." Medicinal plants" "Chinese herbal medicine", "hair loss", " alopecia", "androgenetic alopecia" and " alopecia areata ". We also collected combinations of drugs from books approved by various schools for screening. RESULTS Using known combinations of compounds within herbal medicine to match the documented combinations, 34 topical combinations and 74 oral combinations were identified, and among the 108 herbal combinations screened Angelica, Rehmannia glutinosaLigusticum chuanxiong hort, Radix Rehmanniae, etc. The number of occurrences was very high, and the association with vascular drugs was also found to be very close. CONCLUSIONS This review further elucidates the therapeutic mechanisms of the compounds within the herbal components associated with alopecia and screens for other combinations that may be dominated by this component for the treatment of alopecia, uncovering compounds from other drugs that may be key factors in the treatment of alopecia. This improvement will provide a better quality of evidence for the effectiveness of herbs and compounds used to treat alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Dou
- The First Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- The First Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xianrong Xu
- The First Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xiwu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Cornejo-Campos J, Gómez-Aguirre YA, Velázquez-Martínez JR, Ramos-Herrera OJ, Chávez-Murillo CE, Cruz-Sosa F, Areche C, Cabañas-García E. Impact of the Cooking Process on Metabolite Profiling of Acanthocereus tetragonus, a Plant Traditionally Consumed in Mexico. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123707. [PMID: 35744833 PMCID: PMC9229054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Hummelinck is used as an alternative food source in some Mexican communities. It has been shown that the young stems of A. tetragonus provide crude protein, fiber, and essential minerals for humans. In this work, we analyzed the phytochemical profile, the total phenolic content (TPC), and the antioxidant activity of cooked and crude samples of A. tetragonus to assess its functional metabolite contribution to humans. The phytochemical profile was analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-HESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS). Under the proposed conditions, 35 metabolites were separated and tentatively identified. Of the separated metabolites, 16 occurred exclusively in cooked samples, 6 in crude samples, and 9 in both crude and cooked samples. Among the detected compounds, carboxylic acids, such as threonic, citric, and malic acids, phenolic acids, and glycosylated flavonoids (luteolin-O-rutinoside) were detected. The TPC and antioxidant activity were analyzed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical inhibition method, respectively. The TPC and antioxidant activity were significantly reduced in the cooked samples. We found that some metabolites remained intact after the cooking process, suggesting that A. tetragonus represents a source of functional metabolites for people who consume this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Cornejo-Campos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico;
| | - Yenny Adriana Gómez-Aguirre
- CONACyT Research Fellow-Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Correspondence: or (Y.A.G.-A.); or (E.C.-G.)
| | - José Rodolfo Velázquez-Martínez
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, Villahermosa 86280, Mexico;
| | - Oscar Javier Ramos-Herrera
- Unidad Profesional lnterdisciplinaria de Ingeniería, Campus Zacatecas, lnstituto Politécnico Nacional (UPllZ-lPN), Calle Circuito del Gato No. 202, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (O.J.R.-H.); (C.E.C.-M.)
| | - Carolina Estefanía Chávez-Murillo
- Unidad Profesional lnterdisciplinaria de Ingeniería, Campus Zacatecas, lnstituto Politécnico Nacional (UPllZ-lPN), Calle Circuito del Gato No. 202, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (O.J.R.-H.); (C.E.C.-M.)
| | - Francisco Cruz-Sosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Campus Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago 7800024, Chile;
| | - Emmanuel Cabañas-García
- Centro de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos No. 18, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Circuito del Gato No. 202, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Correspondence: or (Y.A.G.-A.); or (E.C.-G.)
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Phytochemical Constitution, Anti-Inflammation, Anti-Androgen, and Hair Growth-Promoting Potential of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Extract. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111499. [PMID: 35684272 PMCID: PMC9182775 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Thai folklore wisdom, shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) was applied as a traditional herbal medicine for hair growth promotion with no scientific evidence. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a progressive hair loss caused by multiple factors, including androgen hormones, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Conventional medicines (finasteride, dutasteride, corticosteroids, and minoxidil) have been used with limited therapeutic efficacy and unpleasant side effects. In this study, we aimed to give the first estimation of bioactive compounds in shallot extract and evaluate the hair growth-promoting activities regarding anti-inflammatory and gene expression modulation involving androgen, Wnt/β-catenin, sonic hedgehog, and angiogenesis pathways. The results reveal that phenolic compounds (quercetin, rosmarinic, and p-coumaric acids) are the major constituents of the methanolic shallot extract. Compared with the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated control group (2.68 ± 0.13 µM), nitric oxide production was remarkably diminished by shallot extract (0.55 ± 0.06 µM). Shallot extract improves hair growth promotion activity, as reflected by the downregulation of the androgen gene expression (SRD5A1 and SRD5A2) and the upregulation of the genes associated with Wnt/β-catenin (CTNNB1), sonic hedgehog (SHH, SMO, and GIL1), and angiogenesis (VEGF) pathways. These findings disclose the new insights of shallot extract on hair growth promotions. Shallot extract could be further developed as nutraceutical, nutricosmetic, and cosmeceutical preparations for AGA treatment.
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Ntshingila S, Khumalo NP, Engel M, Arowolo AT. An appraisal of laboratory models of androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e15. [PMID: 35664985 PMCID: PMC9060143 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of non‐scarring alopecia in humans. Several studies have used different laboratory models to study the pathogenesis and interventions for AGA. These study models have proved beneficial and have led to the approval of two drugs. However, the need to build on existing knowledge remains by examining the relevance of study models to the disease. Objective We sought to appraise laboratory or pre‐clinical models of AGA. Method We searched through databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, World CAT, Scopus and Google Scholar) for articles on AGA‐related studies from 1942 to March 2019 with a focus on study models. Results The search rendered 101 studies after screening and deduplication. Several studies (70) used in vitro models, mostly consisting of two‐dimensional monolayer cells for experiments involving the characterization of androgen and 5‐alpha reductase (5AR) and inhibition thereof, the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and biomarker(s) of AGA. Twenty‐seven studies used in vivo models of mice and monkeys to investigate DHT synthesis, the expression and inhibition of 5AR and hair growth. Only four studies used AGA‐related or healthy excisional/punch biopsy explants as ex vivo models to study the action of 5AR inhibitors and AGA‐associated genes. No study used three‐dimensional [3‐D] organoids or organotypic human skin culture models. Conclusion We recommend clinically relevant laboratory models like human or patient‐derived 3‐D organoids or organotypic skin in AGA‐related studies. These models are closer to human scalp tissue and minimize the use of laboratory animals and could ultimately facilitate novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ntshingila
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - N. P. Khumalo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - M. Engel
- Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - A. T. Arowolo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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Kash N, Leavitt M, Leavitt A, Hawkins SD, Roopani RB. Clinical Patterns of Hair Loss in Men: Is Dihydrotestosterone the Only Culprit? Dermatol Clin 2021; 39:361-370. [PMID: 34053589 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A number of pathways and factors including oxidative stress, inflammation, prostaglandins, vasculogenesis, Wnt/β-catenin, and transforming growth factor-β have been shown to be important in male androgenetic alopecia. There is limited but increasing evidence of the potential usefulness of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, prostaglandins, and growth factors for treating of androgenetic alopecia. Lifestyle factors and comorbidities including cardiovascular risk factors have been shown to be associated with male androgenetic alopecia. Further study of these pathways, factors, and comorbidities is needed to better understand the pathophysiology, find potentially useful therapeutic targets, and ensure a comprehensive approach to the management of androgenetic alopecia in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kash
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University-Graduate Medical Education Consortium/Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Orlando Dermatology Program, 260 Lookout Place, Suite 103, Maitland, FL 32751, USA
| | - Matt Leavitt
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University-Graduate Medical Education Consortium/Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Orlando Dermatology Program, 260 Lookout Place, Suite 103, Maitland, FL 32751, USA; Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, Maitland, FL, USA; University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA; Bosley Medical Group, Maitland, FL, USA.
| | - Adam Leavitt
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Spencer D Hawkins
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rahil B Roopani
- Hair Restoration Surgery Program, Leavitt Medical Associates, 260 Lookout Place, Suite 103, Maitland, FL 32751, USA
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Fukuda T, Takahashi K, Takase S, Orimoto A, Eitsuka T, Nakagawa K, Kiyono T. Human Derived Immortalized Dermal Papilla Cells With a Constant Expression of Testosterone Receptor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:157. [PMID: 32269992 PMCID: PMC7109449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss, and is mainly caused by the biological effects of testosterone on dermal papilla cells (DPCs). In vitro culturing of DPCs might be a useful tool for the screening of target molecule of AGA. However, primary DPCs cannot continuously proliferate owing to cellular senescence and cell culture stress. In this study, we introduced mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Cyclin D1, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) into DPCs. We confirmed protein expression of CDK4 and Cyclin D1, and enzymatic activity of TERT. Furthermore, we found the established cell line was free from cellular senescence. We also introduced the androgen receptor gene using a recombinant retrovirus, to compensate the transcriptional suppressed endogenous androgen receptor in the process of cell proliferation. Furthermore, we detected the efficient nuclear translocation of androgen receptor into the nucleus after the treatment of dihydrotestosterone, indicating the functionality of our introduced receptor. Our established cell line is a useful tool to identify the downstream signaling pathway, which activated by the testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan.,Soft-Path Engineering Research Center, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kouhei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shin Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ai Orimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Eitsuka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention and Department of Cell Culture Technology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Liu G, Bai L, Li S, Liu H, Zhu Y, Sun H, Gao S, Jiang W, Li F. Isolation, culture and growth characteristics of dermal papilla cells from Rex rabbits. Tissue Cell 2020; 65:101348. [PMID: 32746997 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) is the key dermal component of the hair follicle that directly regulates hair follicle development, growth and regeneration. Successfully isolated and cultured DPCs of Rex rabbit could provide a good model for the study of hair follicle development mechanism in vitro. Skin samples were collected from 30-day old Rex rabbits and separated by combination of Dispase II and Collagenase D, separation, culture, and purification of DPCs. The morphology of DPCs in vitro was observed and the growth curve was drawn, the number of DPCs presented progressive increase in a logarithmic model between the 4th day and the 7th day. The results of immune chemical and immune fluorescence shown that α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and versican were positive in cells. Growth character of the passages 3 (P3), P6, P9 and P12 DPCs were observed using MTT at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h and 144 h. The cell density of P12 was lower than P3 (P < 0.05); the flow cytometric analysis showed that DPCs at resting state/first gap (G0/G1) stage of P3 was higher than P12 (P < 0.05), and second gap/mitosis (G2/M) stage of P3 was lower than P12 (P < 0.05). However, the DPCs of P12 present triangular or short fusiform, retaining their unique aggregative growth characteristics. This results shown that the DPCs properties of P12 from Rex rabbits, still fit functional research in vitro. In conclusion, we successfully established the culturing condition of DPCs from Rex rabbits, and provide a material for studying the molecular mechanism of hair follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyan Liu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, 251000, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Liya Bai
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, 251000, PR China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Hongli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, 251000, PR China
| | - Shuxia Gao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, 251000, PR China
| | - Wenxue Jiang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, 251000, PR China
| | - Fuchang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
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Dickkopf-1 Expression in Androgenetic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata in Male Patients. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:122-127. [PMID: 30640755 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) results from shortening of the anagen phase of the hair cycle and, subsequently, miniaturization of hair follicles. Alopecia areata (AA) is a disease of autoimmunity where T cells attack anagen hair follicles and shows multifactorial etiology. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is a gene that is responsible for transformation of anagen to catagen, which suggests that it is involved in development of both diseases. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the tissue levels of dickkopf-1 in male patients with AGA and AA in comparison with controls, in an attempt to know its role in the pathogenesis of both disorders. METHODS DKK-1 immunohistochemical expression was evaluated in lesional scalp biopsies taken from 20 male patients with AGA evaluated clinically by the modified Norwood-Hamilton score, 20 male patients with AA evaluated clinically by SALT score, and 20 healthy controls within the same age and sex of the studied patients. RESULTS A highly significant difference in DKK-1 expression between patients with AGA and healthy controls was found (P2 < 0.001). There were also significant differences in DKK-1 expression between patients with AA and healthy controls (P3 = 0.013), and between both patient groups (P1 = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Both AGA and AA showed significant increase in DKK-1 immunohistochemical expression. This may enhance the idea of its possible role in the pathogenesis of AGA and AA, and being a new target for treatment of these hair disorders.
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Madaan A, Verma R, Singh AT, Jaggi M. Review of Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla cells as in vitro screening model for hair growth. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:429-450. [PMID: 30144361 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hair disorders such as hair loss (alopecia) and androgen dependent, excessive hair growth (hirsutism, hypertrichosis) may impact the social and psychological well-being of an individual. Recent advances in understanding the biology of hair have accelerated the research and development of novel therapeutic and cosmetic hair growth agents. Preclinical models aid in dermocosmetic efficacy testing and claim substantiation of hair growth modulators. The in vitro models to investigate hair growth utilize the hair follicle Dermal Papilla cells (DPCs), specialized mesenchymal cells located at the base of hair follicle that play essential roles in hair follicular morphogenesis and postnatal hair growth cycles. In this review, we have compiled and discussed the extensively reported literature citing DPCs as in vitro model to study hair growth promoting and inhibitory effects. A variety of agents such as herbal and natural extracts, growth factors and cytokines, platelet-rich plasma, placental extract, stem cells and conditioned medium, peptides, hormones, lipid-nanocarrier, light, electrical and electromagnetic field stimulation, androgens and their analogs, stress-serum and chemotherapeutic agents etc. have been examined for their hair growth modulating effects in DPCs. Effects on DPCs' activity were determined from untreated (basal) or stress induced levels. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and secretion of growth factors were included as primary end-point markers. Effects on a wide range of biomolecules and mechanistic pathways that play key role in the biology of hair growth were also investigated. This consolidated and comprehensive review summarizes the up-to-date information and understanding regarding DPCs based screening models for hair growth and may be helpful for researchers to select the appropriate assay system and biomarkers. This review highlights the pivotal role of DPCs in the forefront of hair research as screening platforms by providing insights into mechanistic action at cellular level, which may further direct the development of novel hair growth modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Madaan
- Cell Biology Lab, Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Ritu Verma
- Cell Biology Lab, Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Anu T Singh
- Cell Biology Lab, Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Cell Biology Lab, Dabur Research Foundation, 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
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Zhou L, Wang H, Jing J, Yu L, Wu X, Lu Z. Regulation of hair follicle development by exosomes derived from dermal papilla cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:325-332. [PMID: 29654758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play a critical role in the regulation of hair follicle (HF) growth, formation, and cycling. DPCs are thought to regulate HF growth through a paracrine mechanism, in which exosomes may play a critical role. METHODS DPC-Exos were cutaneously injected into HFs at different HF cycle stages and the effects were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The effects of DPC-Exos on proliferation, migration, and cell cycle status of outer root sheath cells (ORSCs) were evaluated. After treatment of DPC-Exos, changes in mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in ORSCs were detected. RESULTS DPC-Exos were approximately 105 nm in diameter and expressed tumor susceptibility gene 101, cluster of differentiation (CD)9, and CD63. Injection of DPC-Exos accelerated the onset of HF anagen and delayed catagen in mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that β-catenin and Shh levels were upregulated in the skin. In vitro, DPC-Exo treatment enhanced ORSC proliferation and migration, and stimulated the expression of β-catenin and Shh. CONCLUSION DPC-Exos contribute to the regulation of HF growth and development, and provide a potential avenue for the treatment of hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfa Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zarei I, Brown DG, Nealon NJ, Ryan EP. Rice Bran Metabolome Contains Amino Acids, Vitamins & Cofactors, and Phytochemicals with Medicinal and Nutritional Properties. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:24. [PMID: 28547736 PMCID: PMC5453916 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice bran is a functional food that has shown protection against major chronic diseases (e.g. obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer) in animals and humans, and these health effects have been associated with the presence of bioactive phytochemicals. Food metabolomics uses multiple chromatography and mass spectrometry platforms to detect and identify a diverse range of small molecules with high sensitivity and precision, and has not been completed for rice bran. RESULTS This study utilized global, non-targeted metabolomics to identify small molecules in rice bran, and conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature to determine bioactive compounds. Three U.S. rice varieties (Calrose, Dixiebelle, and Neptune), that have been used for human dietary intervention trials, were assessed herein for bioactive compounds that have disease control and prevention properties. The profiling of rice bran by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 453 distinct phytochemicals, 209 of which were classified as amino acids, cofactors & vitamins, and secondary metabolites, and were further assessed for bioactivity. A scientific literature search revealed 65 compounds with health properties, 16 of which had not been previously identified in rice bran. This suite of amino acids, cofactors & vitamins, and secondary metabolites comprised 46% of the identified rice bran metabolome, which substantially enhanced our knowledge of health-promoting rice bran compounds provided during dietary supplementation. CONCLUSION Rice bran metabolite profiling revealed a suite of biochemical molecules that can be further investigated and exploited for multiple nutritional therapies and medical food applications. These bioactive compounds may also be biomarkers of dietary rice bran intake. The medicinal compounds associated with rice bran can function as a network across metabolic pathways and this metabolite network may occur via additive and synergistic effects between compounds in the food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, 4031 Laguna Philippines
| | - Dustin G. Brown
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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15
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Lee Y, Kim SN, Hong YD, Park BC, Na Y. Panax ginseng extract antagonizes the effect of DKK‑1-induced catagen-like changes of hair follicles. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1194-1200. [PMID: 28849028 PMCID: PMC5593495 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that Panax ginseng (PG) has various pharmacological effects such as anti-aging and anti-inflammation. In a previous study, the authors identified that PG extract induced hair growth by means of a mechanism similar to that of minoxidil. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of PG extract on Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1)-induced catagen-like changes in hair follicles (HFs) was investigated in addition to the underlying mechanism of action. The effects of PG extract on cell proliferation, anti-apoptotic effect, and hair growth were observed using cultured outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes and human HFs with or without DKK-1 treatment. The PG extract significantly stimulated proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, respectively, in ORS keratinocytes. PG extract treatment affected the expression of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax. DKK-1 inhibited hair growth, and PG extract dramatically reversed the effect of DKK-1 on ex vivo human hair organ culture. PG extract antagonizes DKK-1-induced catagen-like changes, in part, through the regulation of apoptosis-related gene expression in HFs. These findings suggested that PG extract may reduce hair loss despite the presence of DKK-1, a strong catagen inducer via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Lee
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Na Kim
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook Medical College, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoo Na
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
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Sun Q, Weinger JG, Mao F, Liu G. Regulation of structural and functional synapse density by L-threonate through modulation of intraneuronal magnesium concentration. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:426-39. [PMID: 27178134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of the combination of L-threonate (threonate) and magnesium (Mg(2+)) in the form of L-Threonic acid Magnesium salt (L-TAMS) can enhance learning and memory in young rats and prevent memory decline in aging rats and in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Recent results from a human clinical trial demonstrate the efficacy of L-TAMS in restoring global cognitive abilities of older adults. Previously, we reported that neuronal intracellular Mg(2+) serves as a critical signaling molecule for controlling synapse density, a key factor that determines cognitive ability. The elevation of brain Mg(2+) by oral administration of L-TAMS in intact animals plays a significant role in mediating the therapeutic effects of L-TAMS. The current study sought to elucidate the unique role of threonate. We aimed to understand if threonate acts directly to elevate intraneuronal Mg(2+), and why Mg(2+) given without threonate is ineffective for enhancing learning and memory ability. We discovered that threonate is naturally present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and oral treatment with L-TAMS elevated CSF threonate. In cultured hippocampal neurons, threonate treatment directly induced an increase in intracellular Mg(2+) concentration. Functionally, elevating threonate upregulated expression of NR2B-containing NMDAR, boosted mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and increased functional synapse density in neuronal cultures. These effects are unique to threonate, as other common Mg(2+) anions failed to have the same results. Mechanistically, threonate's effects were specifically mediated through glucose transporters (GLUTs). We also evaluated the effects of threonate in human neural stem cell-derived neurons, and found it was equally effective at upregulating synapse density. The current study provides an explanation for why threonate is an essential component of L-TAMS and supports the use of L-TAMS to promote cognitive abilities in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Sun
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Fei Mao
- Neurocentria, Inc., Fremont, CA 94538, USA
| | - Guosong Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Neurocentria, Inc., Fremont, CA 94538, USA.
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Fawzi MMT, Mahmoud SB, Shaker OG, Saleh MA. Assessment of tissue levels of dickkopf-1 in androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. J Cosmet Dermatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara B Mahmoud
- Department of Dermatology; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Marwah A Saleh
- Department of Dermatology; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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18
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Shin HS, Park SY, Hwang ES, Lee DG, Song HG, Mavlonov GT, Yi TH. The inductive effect of ginsenoside F2 on hair growth by altering the WNT signal pathway in telogen mouse skin. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 730:82-9. [PMID: 24613976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to confirm the possibility of using minor ginseng saponin F2 by oral administration on hair anagen induction effects. The signaling pathway and anagen induction effect of ginsenoside F2 were investigated and compared with finasteride on the effect of hair growth induction. The cell-based MTT assay results indicated that the proliferation rates of HHDPC and HaCaT treated with F2 significantly increased by 30% compared with the finasteride-treated group. A western blot study showed that the expression of β-catenin Lef-1 and DKK-1 increased by 140, 200% and decreased by 40% in the F2-treated group, respectively compared to that of finasteride-treated group. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the same treatments. The hair growth promotion rates were compared with groups treated with finasteride, which was 20% higher in the F2-treated group. Tissue histological analysis results showed the number of hair follicles, thickness of the epidermis, and follicles of the anagen phase which increased in the F2-treated group, compared with the finasteride-treated groups. Moreover, the effect of F2 on hair growth was confirmed through the immunofluorescence (IF) methods indicating the expression aspect of Wnt signal pathway-related factors in the tissue of C57BL/6 mouse. Our results considered the expression increase in β-catenin, Lef-1 which was suggested as a major factor related to the development and growth of hair follicle and the decrease in DKK-1 when entering catagen by F2. As the data showed, F2 might be a potential new therapeutic source for anagen induction and hair growth through the Wnt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Sub Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Eun-Son Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Don-Gil Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Geun Song
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Gafurjon T Mavlonov
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea.
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Michels AJ, Frei B. Myths, artifacts, and fatal flaws: identifying limitations and opportunities in vitamin C research. Nutrients 2013; 5:5161-92. [PMID: 24352093 PMCID: PMC3875932 DOI: 10.3390/nu5125161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research progress to understand the role of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in human health has been slow in coming. This is predominantly the result of several flawed approaches to study design, often lacking a full appreciation of the redox chemistry and biology of ascorbic acid. In this review, we summarize our knowledge surrounding the limitations of common approaches used in vitamin C research. In human cell culture, the primary issues are the high oxygen environment, presence of redox-active transition metal ions in culture media, and the use of immortalized cell lines grown in the absence of supplemental ascorbic acid. Studies in animal models are also limited due to the presence of endogenous ascorbic acid synthesis. Despite the use of genetically altered rodent strains lacking synthesis capacity, there are additional concerns that these models do not adequately recapitulate the effects of vitamin C deprivation and supplementation observed in humans. Lastly, several flaws in study design endemic to randomized controlled trials and other human studies greatly limit their conclusions and impact. There also is anecdotal evidence of positive and negative health effects of vitamin C that are widely accepted but have not been substantiated. Only with careful attention to study design and experimental detail can we further our understanding of the possible roles of vitamin C in promoting human health and preventing or treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Michels
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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What’s New in the Histologic Evaluation of Alopecia and Hair-Related Disorders? Dermatol Clin 2012; 30:685-94, vii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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