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Patel R, Parmar N, Palit SP, Rathwa N, Begum R. A novel combination of sitagliptin and melatonin ameliorates T2D manifestations: studies on experimental diabetic models. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02014-6. [PMID: 36692817 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced pancreatic β-cell function and mass, and a reduced incretin effect. Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with increased T2D risk. We have investigated the therapeutic potential of a combination of melatonin (M) and sitagliptin (S), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, in the amelioration of T2D manifestations in high-fat diet (HFD) induced T2D mouse model and also on β-cell proliferation under gluco-lipotoxicity stress in vitro. METHODS For in vivo study, mice were fed with HFD for 25 weeks to induce T2D and were treated with monotherapies and S + M for four weeks. For the in vitro study, primary mouse islets were exposed to normal glucose and high glucose + palmitate to induce gluco-lipotoxic stress. RESULTS Our results suggest that monotherapies and S + M improve metabolic parameters and glyco-lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, respectively, and improve mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, it increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that β-cell mass was preserved in all the drug-treated groups. CONCLUSION The combination treatment is superior to monotherapies in the management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - S P Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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Mohamed RH, Sedky AA, Hamam GG, Elkhateb L, Kamar SA, Adel S, Tawfik SS. Sitagliptin's renoprotective effect in a diabetic nephropathy model in rats: The potential role of PI3K/AKT pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:324-337. [PMID: 34735026 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Management of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is far from satisfactory. There is a rising role of the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway in the pathogenesis of DN. This study aimed at investigating the renoprotective effects of PI3K/AKT pathway via sitagliptin in a rat model of DN. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (eight rats each): (I) control, (II) sitagliptin, (III) DN, and (IV) DN + sitagliptin. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), kidney index, and kidney function tests in both blood and urine were measured. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and gene expressions of PI3K, pPI3K, AKT, and pAKT in renal tissue were detected. Renal histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were evaluated. DN + sitagliptin group showed significant decrease in FBG and kidney index, improvement in kidney function tests, and a decrease in levels of TNF-α and TGF-β in renal tissues compared with DN group. This was associated with significant increase in SOD and gene expressions of PI3K and AKT and their phosphorylated active forms in renal tissue in DN + sitagliptin group compared with DN group. Moreover, DN + sitagliptin group showed apparent decrease in amount of collagen fibers and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) compared with DN group. This work shows that sitagliptin improved renal functions and histopathological changes, impeded inflammation, and oxidative stress and upregulated PI3K/AKT pathway which highlights its renoprotective effects in a rat model of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hussein Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina Ahmed Sedky
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Galal Hamam
- Department of Histology and cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna Elkhateb
- Department of Histology and cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif A Kamar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham Adel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin Shafik Tawfik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Therapeutic effects of an aspalathin-rich green rooibos extract, pioglitazone and atorvastatin combination therapy in diabetic db/db mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251069. [PMID: 33983968 PMCID: PMC8118332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral therapeutics used to treat type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease often fail to prevent the progression of disease and their comorbidities. Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), an endemic South African plant used as an herbal tea, has demonstrated positive effects on glycemia and hypercholesterolemia. However, the treatment efficacy of rooibos extract in combination with conventional hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic medications on blood glucose and lipid profiles has not been established. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining an aspalathin-rich green rooibos extract (Afriplex GRT™) with pioglitazone and atorvastatin, on blood glucose and lipid levels in obese diabetic (db/db) mice. Six-week-old male db/db mice and their nondiabetic lean littermate controls (db+) were divided into 8 experimental groups (n = 6/group). Db/db mice were treated daily either with pioglitazone (25 mg/kg), atorvastatin (80 mg/kg) and GRT (100 mg/kg), a combination of either drug with GRT or a combination of GRT-pioglitazone and atorvastatin for 5 weeks. Untreated vehicle controls were given dimethyl sulfoxide (0.1%) and phosphate buffered saline solution. At termination, serum and liver tissue were collected for lipid and gene expression analysis. Treatment with GRT, pioglitazone and atorvastatin combination effectively lowered fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in db/db mice (p = 0.02), whilst increasing body weight, liver weight, and reducing retroperitoneal fat weight. Atorvastatin monotherapy was effective at reducing cholesterol (from 4.00 ± 0.12 to 2.93 ± 0.13, p = 0.0003), LDL-C (from 0.58 ± 0.04 to 0.50 ± 0.00, p = 0.04), HDL-C (from 2.86 ± 0.05 to 2.50 ± 0.04, p = 0.0003) and TG (from 2.77 ± 0.50 to 1.48 ± 0.23, p = 0.04), compared to the untreated diabetic control. The hypotriglyceridemic effect of atorvastatin was enhanced when used in combination with both GRT and pioglitazone. The addition of pioglitazone to GRT significantly lowered FPG and TG. In db/db mice, Apoa1 was significantly downregulated in the liver, whilst Pparγ was significantly upregulated compared to their db+ counterparts. GRT monotherapy downregulated Apoa1 expression (p = 0.02). Atorvastatin combined with GRT significantly downregulated mRNA expression of Apoa1 (p = 0.03), whilst upregulating the expression of Pparγ (p = 0.03), Pparα (p = 0.002), Srebp1 (p = 0.002), and Fasn (p = 0.04). The GRT-pioglitazone-atorvastatin combination therapy downregulated Apoa1 (p = 0.006), whilst upregulating Fasn (p = 0.005), Pparα (p = 0.041), and Srebp1 (p = 0.03). Natural products can improve the efficacy of current drugs to prevent diabetes-associated complications. GRT in combination with pioglitazone enhanced the reduction of FPG, whilst the addition of atorvastatin to the combination, significantly lowered triglyceride levels. However, when GRT was used in combination with atorvastatin only cholesterol levels were affected. Although these results confirm both glucose- and lipoprotein-lowering biological effects of GRT in combination with pioglitazone and atorvastatin, increased expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, cholesterol, and fatty acid transport, β-oxidation, and synthesis and storage of fatty acids, may exacerbate the hepatotoxic effects of atorvastatin.
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Juang JH, Chen CY, Kao CW, Huang YW, Chiu TY, Chen CT. Implanted islet mass influences the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor LAF237 on transplantation outcomes in diabetic mice. Biomed J 2020; 44:S210-S217. [PMID: 35300943 PMCID: PMC9068567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed inconsistent Results of the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitors on syngeneic mouse islet transplantation. We hypothesized that the implanted islet numbers are critical for the effects of DPP-IV inhibitors on the outcomes of transplantation. Methods One hundred and fifty or three hundred islets were syngeneically transplanted under the renal capsule of each streptozocin-diabetic C57BL/6 mouse and recipients were then treated without or with LAF237 (10 mg/kg/day, po) for 6 weeks. After transplantation, recipients’ blood glucose, body weight and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were followed-up periodically. The graft was removed for the measurement of β-cell mass at 6 weeks. Results In recipients with 150 islets, it was not significantly different between the LAF237- treated group (n = 14) and control group (n = 14) in terms of the blood glucose, body weight, glucose tolerance at 2, 4 and 6 weeks or the graft β-cell mass at 6 weeks. In contrast, in recipients with 300 islets, the LAF237-treated group (n = 24) did have a lower area under the curve of the IPGTT at 4 weeks (p = 0.0237) and 6 weeks (p = 0.0113) as well as more graft β-cell mass at 6 weeks (0.655 ± 0.008 mg vs. 0.435 ± 0.006 mg, p = 0.0463) than controls (n = 24). Conclusions Our findings revealed 6-week treatment of LAF237 improves glucose tolerance and increases graft β-cell mass in diabetic mice transplanted with a sufficient number but not a marginal number of islets. These indicate that the effects of DPP-IV inhibitors are influenced by the implanted islet mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyuhn-Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Kao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Abstract
Today, excluding insulin, there are eight classes of anti-diabetic medicines that have been added to the pharmacy since the introduction of metformin in the mid-1950s; the sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinides, incretins, and sodium glucose transport 2 inhibitors. Does the fact that metformin is still first-line treatment suggest that our drug discovery efforts over the past 60 years have not been good enough? Or does it suggest that diabetes is such a complex disorder that no single treatment, other than gastric bypass surgery, can affect true normalization of not only blood sugar but also the underlying pathologies? Our understanding of the disease has most definitely improved which may bring hope for the future in terms of science, but for it to be beneficial, this science has to be translated into better drug treatments for the disease. In this review, I have examined the eight classes of anti-diabetes drugs from a drug discovery perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Clapham
- Medical School, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
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Marques C, Gonçalves A, Pereira PMR, Almeida D, Martins B, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Reis F, Fernandes R. The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin improves oxidative stress and ameliorates glomerular lesions in a rat model of type 1 diabetes. Life Sci 2019; 234:116738. [PMID: 31398418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress has been linked to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study evaluated whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin attenuates glomerular lesions and oxidative stress evoked by chronic hyperglycemia, by a mechanism independent of insulin secretion and glycemia normalization. MAIN METHODS A rat model of DN caused by streptozotocin injection was established and the effects of sitagliptin (5 mg/kg/day) were evaluated after two weeks of treatment. KEY FINDINGS Sitagliptin treatment did not change body weight, glycemic and lipid profiles. However, histopathological observation revealed that sitagliptin attenuates diabetes-induced glomerular lesions on diabetic rats. Sitagliptin also ameliorated the increase in DPP-4 content and promoted the stabilization of GLP-1 in the diabetic kidney. Furthermore, sitagliptin treatment significantly attenuated the increase of free-radical formation and the decrease of antioxidant defenses, attenuating therefore the oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic animals. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that sitagliptin treatment alleviates kidney oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic rats, which could play a key role in reducing the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marques
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gonçalves
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Manuela Ribeiro Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Almeida
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Mega C, Teixeira-de-Lemos E, Fernandes R, Reis F. Renoprotective Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:5164292. [PMID: 29098166 PMCID: PMC5643039 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5164292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is now the single commonest cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. It is also acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since sitagliptin was approved, many studies have been carried out revealing its ability to not only improve metabolic control but also ameliorate dysfunction in various diabetes-targeted organs, especially the kidney, due to putative underlying cytoprotective properties, namely, its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. Despite overall recommendations, many patients spend a long time well outside the recommended glycaemic range and, therefore, have an increased risk for developing micro- and macrovascular complications. Currently, it is becoming clearer that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management must envision not only the improvement in glycaemic control but also, and particularly, the prevention of pancreatic deterioration and the evolution of complications, such as DN. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge in the field of renoprotective actions of sitagliptin, namely, improvement in diabetic dysmetabolism, hemodynamic factors, renal function, diabetic kidney lesions, and cytoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mega
- Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edite Teixeira-de-Lemos
- Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Afifi NA, Ramadan A, Erian EY, Saleh DO, Sedik AA, Badawi M, El Hotaby W. Trigonelline attenuates hepatic complications and molecular alterations in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:427-436. [PMID: 28157387 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of trigonelline (TRG) on the hepatic complications associated with high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet-induced insulin resistance (IR) in rats. IR was induced by giving a saturated fat diet and 10% fructose in drinking water to rats for 8 weeks. Insulin-resistant rats were orally treated with TRG (50 and 100 mg/kg), sitagliptin (SIT; 5 mg/kg), or a combination of TRG (50 mg/kg) and SIT (5 mg/kg) for 14 days. Liver homogenates were used for assessment of hepatic lipids, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines. Histopathological and DNA cytometry examinations were carried out for hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Hepatic tissues were examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for assessment of any molecular changes. Results of the present study revealed that oral treatment of insulin-resistant rats with TRG or TRG in combination with SIT significantly decreased homeostatic model assessment of IR, hepatic lipids, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the inflammatory cytokines. TRG or TRG in combination with SIT ameliorated the histopathological, DNA cytometry, and molecular alterations induced by a HFHF diet. Finally, it can be concluded that TRG has beneficial effects on the hepatic complications associated with IR due to its hypoglycemic effect and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal A Afifi
- a Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University
| | - Amer Ramadan
- a Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University
| | - Emad Y Erian
- b Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia O Saleh
- b Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Sedik
- b Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Badawi
- c Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid El Hotaby
- d Biophysics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Murad HAS, Saleh HA, Abdulaziz GS, Abdulsattar MA, Ali SS. Effect of metformin and pioglitazone on β-catenin and biochemical markers in sitagliptin-induced pancreatitis in diabetic rats. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-014-0278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Cardioprotective effect of concomitant administration of trigonelline and sitagliptin on cardiac biomarkers, lipid levels, electrocardiographic and heamodynamic modulation on cardiomyopathy in diabetic Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kim YM, Lee SM, Chung HS. Novel AGLP-1 albumin fusion protein as a long-lasting agent for type 2 diabetes. BMB Rep 2014; 46:606-10. [PMID: 24195794 PMCID: PMC4133866 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates glucose mediated-insulin secretion, nutrient accumulation, and β-cell growth. Despite the potential therapeutic usage for type 2 diabetes (T2D), GLP-1 has a short half-life in vivo (t1/2 <2 min). In an attempt to prolong half-life, GLP-1 fusion proteins were genetically engineered: GLP-1 human serum albumin fusion (GLP-1/HSA), AGLP-1/HSA which has an additional alanine at the N-terminus of GLP-1, and AGLP-1-L/HSA, in which a peptide linker is inserted between AGLP-1 and HSA. Recombinant fusion proteins secreted from the Chinese Hamster Ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cell line were purified with high purity (>96%). AGLP-1 fusion protein was resistant against the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). The fusion proteins activated cAMP-mediated signaling in rat insulinoma INS-1 cells. Furthermore, a C57BL/6N mice pharmacodynamics study exhibited that AGLP-1-L/HSA effectively reduced blood glucose level compared to AGLP-1/HSA. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(12): 606-610]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye-Shin Chung
- Alteogen Inc., Bioventure Town, Daejeon 305-812; Department of Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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Juang JH, Kuo CH, Liu YH, Chang HY, Chen CT. Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition with MK-0431 on Syngeneic Mouse Islet Transplantation. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:795283. [PMID: 25165473 PMCID: PMC4138783 DOI: 10.1155/2014/795283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors increase circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide which may promote β-cell proliferation and survival. This study tested if DPP-4 inhibition with MK-0431 is beneficial for diabetic mice syngeneically transplanted with a marginal number of islets. We syngeneically transplanted 150 C57BL/6 mouse islets under the kidney capsule of each streptozotocin-diabetic mouse and then treated recipients with (n = 21) or without (n = 17) MK-0431 (30 mg/kg/day, po) for 6 weeks. After islet transplantation, blood glucose levels decreased in both MK-0431-treated and control groups. However, the blood glucose and area under the curve of the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test at 2, 4, and 6 weeks were not significantly different between MK-0431-treated mice and controls. During 6 weeks, both groups exhibited increased body weights over time. However, the weight between two groups did not differ throughout the study period. At 6 weeks after transplantation, the graft beta-cell mass (0.024 ± 0.005 versus 0.023 ± 0.007 mg, P = 0.8793) and insulin content (140 ± 48 versus 231 ± 63 ng, P = 0.2939) were comparable in the MK-0431-treated group and controls. Our results indicate posttransplant DPP-4 inhibition with MK-0431 in the diabetic recipient with a marginal number of islets is not beneficial to transplantation outcome or islet grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyuhn-Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Kuo
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan, 195 Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiu Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ying Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
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Lamont BJ, Andrikopoulos S. Hope and fear for new classes of type 2 diabetes drugs: is there preclinical evidence that incretin-based therapies alter pancreatic morphology? J Endocrinol 2014; 221:T43-61. [PMID: 24424288 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Incretin-based therapies appear to offer many advantages over other approaches for treating type 2 diabetes. Some preclinical studies have suggested that chronic activation of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) signalling in the pancreas may result in the proliferation of islet β-cells and an increase in β-cell mass. This provided hope that enhancing GLP1 action could potentially alter the natural progression of type 2 diabetes. However, to date, there has been no evidence from clinical trials suggesting that GLP1R agonists or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors can increase β-cell mass. Nevertheless, while the proliferative capacity of these agents remains controversial, some studies have raised concerns that they could potentially contribute to the development of pancreatitis and hence increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Currently, there are very limited clinical data to directly assess these potential benefits and risks of incretin-based therapies. However, a review of the preclinical studies indicates that incretin-based therapies probably have only a limited capacity to regenerate pancreatic β-cells, but may be useful for preserving any remaining β-cells in type 2 diabetes. In addition, the majority of preclinical evidence does not support the notion that GLP1R agonists or DPP4 inhibitors cause pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Lamont
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mega C, Vala H, Rodrigues-Santos P, Oliveira J, Teixeira F, Fernandes R, Reis F, de Lemos ET. Sitagliptin prevents aggravation of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic damage in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat - focus on amelioration of metabolic profile and tissue cytoprotective properties. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:42. [PMID: 24650557 PMCID: PMC3998187 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the possible mechanisms underlying the protective effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, sitagliptin, on pancreatic tissue in an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat, focusing on glycaemic, insulinic and lipidic profiles, as well as, on apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and proliferation mediators. METHODS Male obese diabetic ZDF (fa/fa) rats, aged 20 weeks, were treated with sitagliptin (10 mg/kg bw/day) during 6 weeks and compared to untreated diabetic and lean control littermates. Metabolic data was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the treatment, including glycaemia, HbA1c, insulinaemia, HOMA-beta and TGs. Endocrine and exocrine pancreas lesions were assessed semiquantitatively by histopathological methods. Pancreas gene (mRNA) and protein expression of mediators of apoptotic machinery, inflammation and angiogenesis/proliferation (Bax, Bcl2, IL-1β, VEGF, PCNA and TRIB3) were analyzed by RT-qPCR and/or by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sitagliptin treatment for 6 weeks (between 20 and 26 week-old) was able to significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorate all the metabolic parameters, by preventing the increase in blood glucose and in serum TGs contents (16.54% and 37.63%, respectively, vs untreated), as well as, by preventing the decrease in serum insulin levels and in the functional beta cells capacity accessed via HOMA-beta index (156.28% and 191.74%, respectively, vs untreated). Sitagliptin-treated diabetic rats presented a reduced pancreas Bax/Bcl2 ratio, suggestive of an antiapoptotic effect; in addition, sitagliptin was able to completely reduce (p < 0.001) the pancreas overexpression of IL-1β and TRIB3 found in the untreated diabetic animals; and promoted a significant (p < 0.001) overexpression of VEGF and PCNA. CONCLUSION In this animal model of obese T2DM (the ZDF rat), sitagliptin prevented β-cell dysfunction and evolution of pancreatic damage. The protective effects afforded by this DPP-IV inhibitor may derive from improvement of the metabolic profile (viewed by the amelioration of glucose and TGs levels and of insulin resistance) and from cytoprotective properties, such as antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and pro-proliferative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mega
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Helena Vala
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
- Center for Studies in Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Oliveira
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
- Center for Studies in Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Frederico Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edite Teixeira de Lemos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
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Kamble HV, Bodhankar SL. Antihyperglycemic activity of trigonelline and sitagliptin in nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced diabetes in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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McIntosh B, Cameron C, Singh SR, Yu C, Dolovich L, Houlden R. Choice of therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and a sulphonylurea: a systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis. OPEN MEDICINE : A PEER-REVIEWED, INDEPENDENT, OPEN-ACCESS JOURNAL 2012; 6:e62-74. [PMID: 23696771 PMCID: PMC3659216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin and a sulphonylurea are often used in combination for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the comparative safety and efficacy of all available classes of antihyperglycemic therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea combination therapy. METHODS MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials published in English from 1980 to November 2009. Additional citations were obtained from the grey literature and conference proceedings and through stakeholder feedback. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data and assessed risk of bias. Key outcomes of interest were hemoglobin A1c, body weight, hypoglycemia, patients' satisfaction with treatment, quality of life, long-term diabetes-related complications, withdrawals due to adverse events, serious adverse events and mortality. Mixed-treatment comparison meta-analyses were conducted to calculate mean differences between drug classes for changes in hemoglobin A1c and body weight. When appropriate, pairwise meta-analyses were used to estimate differences for other outcomes. RESULTS We identified 33 randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria. The methodologic quality of the studies was generally poor. Insulins (basal, biphasic, bolus), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) all produced statistically significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c in combination with metformin and a sulphonylurea (-0.89% to -1.17%), whereas meglitinides and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors did not. Biphasic insulin, bolus insulin, and TZDs were associated with weight gain (1.85-5.00 kg), whereas DPP-4 inhibitors and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were weight-neutral, and GLP-1 analogues were associated with modest weight loss. Treatment regimens containing insulin were associated with increased hypoglycemia relative to comparators, but severe hypoglycemia was rare across all treatments. INTERPRETATION Third-line agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of glycemic control but differ in their propensity to cause weight gain and hypoglycemia. Longer-term studies with larger sample sizes are required to determine if any of the drug classes are superior with regard to reducing diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan McIntosh
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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