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Xiao H, Huang X, Chen H, Zheng Y, Liu W, Chen J, Wei R, Lin M, Wang Q, Zhuang W. Establishment of a SUMO pathway related gene signature for predicting prognosis, chemotherapy response and investigating the role of EGR2 in bladder cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:3841-3856. [PMID: 38911380 PMCID: PMC11190772 DOI: 10.7150/jca.96481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy with significant clinical implications. Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) pathway related genes (SPRG) have been implicated in the development and progression of cancer. Methods: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of SPRG in bladder cancer. We analyzed gene expression and prognostic value of SPRG and developed a SPRG signature (SPRGS) prognostic model based on four genes (HDAC4, TRIM27, EGR2, and UBE2I) in bladder cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between SPRGS and genomic alterations, tumor microenvironment, chemotherapy response, and immunotherapy. Additionally, we identified EGR2 as a key SPRG in bladder cancer. The expression of EGR2 in bladder cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the cell function experiment clarified the effect of knocking down EGR2 on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of bladder cancer cells. Results: Our findings suggest that SPRGS hold promise as prognostic markers and predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy response and immunotherapy efficacy in bladder cancer. The SPRGS prognostic model exhibited high predictive accuracy for bladder cancer patient survival. We also observed correlations between SPRG and genomic alterations, tumor microenvironment, and response to chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical results showed that EGR2 was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues, and its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of EGR2 inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the landscape of SPRGS in bladder cancer and their potential implications for personalized treatment strategies. The identification of EGR2 as a key SPRG and its functional impact on bladder cancer cells further highlights its significance in bladder cancer development and progression. Overall, SPRGS may serve as important prognostic markers and predictive biomarkers for bladder cancer patients, guiding treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Heyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Weihui Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Jiabi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Ran Wei
- School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qingshui Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medical University Medicine, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
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2
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Lei X, Hu X, Lu Q, Fu W, Sun W, Ma Q, Huang D, Xu Q. Ubiquitin‑conjugating enzymes as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for digestive system cancers (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 49:63. [PMID: 36799184 PMCID: PMC9944987 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are the leading cause of cancer‑related death worldwide due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. The current treatment methods include surgical treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endoscopic treatment, and the precisely targeted therapy of digestive system cancers requires to be further studied. The ubiquitin‑proteasome system is the main pathway for protein degradation in cells and the ubiquitin‑conjugating enzymes (E2s) have a decisive role in the specific selection of target proteins for degradation. The E2s have an important physiological role in digestive system cancers, which is related to the clinical tumor stage, differentiation degree and poor prognosis. Furthermore, they are involved in the physiological processes of digestive system tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, drug resistance and autophagy. In the present article, the progress and achievements of the E2s in gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed, which may provide early screening indicators and reliable therapeutic targets for digestive system cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Lei
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoge Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiliang Lu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Fu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- Second Clinical Medical Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Qiancheng Ma
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Dongsheng Huang or Dr Qiuran Xu, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Dongsheng Huang or Dr Qiuran Xu, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China, E-mail:
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3
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Jin X, Yin H, Bao J, Song X, Lu F, Liang J. ML792 inhibits growth and TGF-β1-induced EMT of osteosarcoma cells via TGF-β1/Smad and PI3K/AKT pathways. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2154856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Jin
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yin
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Bao
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Song
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Liang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
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4
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The Next Frontier: Translational Development of Ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073480. [PMID: 35408841 PMCID: PMC8999128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins ensure optimized cellular processes, including proteostasis, regulated signaling, cell survival, and stress adaptation to maintain a balanced homeostatic state. Abnormal post-translational modifications are associated with cellular dysfunction and the occurrence of life-threatening diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, some of the frequently seen protein modifications have been used as disease markers, while others are targeted for developing specific therapies. The ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like post-translational modifiers, namely, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8 (NEDD8), share several features, such as protein structures, enzymatic cascades mediating the conjugation process, and targeted amino acid residues. Alterations in the regulatory mechanisms lead to aberrations in biological processes during tumorigenesis, including the regulation of tumor metabolism, immunological modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and cancer stem cell stemness, besides many more. Novel insights into ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like pathways involved in cancer biology reveal a potential interplay between ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation. This review outlines the current understandings of the regulatory mechanisms and assay capabilities of ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation. It will further highlight the role of ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation in tumorigenesis.
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Lambrou GI, Poulou M, Giannikou K, Themistocleous M, Zaravinos A, Braoudaki M. Differential and Common Signatures of miRNA Expression and Methylation in Childhood Central Nervous System Malignancies: An Experimental and Computational Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215491. [PMID: 34771655 PMCID: PMC8583574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are considered of utmost significance for tumor ontogenesis and progression. Especially, it has been found that miRNA expression, as well as DNA methylation plays a significant role in central nervous system tumors during childhood. A total of 49 resected brain tumors from children were used for further analysis. DNA methylation was identified with methylation-specific MLPA and, in particular, for the tumor suppressor genes CASP8, RASSF1, MGMT, MSH6, GATA5, ATM1, TP53, and CADM1. miRNAs were identified with microarray screening, as well as selected samples, were tested for their mRNA expression levels. CASP8, RASSF1 were the most frequently methylated genes in all tumor samples. Simultaneous methylation of genes manifested significant results with respect to tumor staging, tumor type, and the differentiation of tumor and control samples. There was no significant dependence observed with the methylation of one gene promoter, rather with the simultaneous presence of all detected methylated genes' promoters. miRNA expression was found to be correlated to gene methylation. Epigenetic regulation appears to be of major importance in tumor progression and pathophysiology, making it an imperative field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I. Lambrou
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Myrto Poulou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Krinio Giannikou
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Marios Themistocleous
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Group, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (M.B.)
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6
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Kukkula A, Ojala VK, Mendez LM, Sistonen L, Elenius K, Sundvall M. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the SUMO Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4402. [PMID: 34503213 PMCID: PMC8431684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, characterized more than 20 years ago, that regulates protein function at multiple levels. Key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors are SUMO substrates. In addition to alterations in SUMO pathway activity due to conditions typically present in cancer, such as hypoxia, the SUMO machinery components are deregulated at the genomic level in cancer. The delicate balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation is regulated by SENP enzymes possessing SUMO-deconjugation activity. Dysregulation of SUMO machinery components can disrupt the balance of SUMOylation, contributing to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of various cancers in a context-dependent manner. Many molecular mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of specific cancers involve SUMO, highlighting the potential relevance of SUMO machinery components as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in the development of inhibitors targeting SUMOylation and deSUMOylation permit evaluation of the therapeutic potential of targeting the SUMO pathway in cancer. Finally, the first drug inhibiting SUMO pathway, TAK-981, is currently also being evaluated in clinical trials in cancer patients. Intriguingly, the inhibition of SUMOylation may also have the potential to activate the anti-tumor immune response. Here, we comprehensively and systematically review the recent developments in understanding the role of SUMOylation in cancer and specifically focus on elaborating the scientific rationale of targeting the SUMO pathway in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
| | - Veera K. Ojala
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Lourdes M. Mendez
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
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7
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Du X, Song H, Shen N, Hua R, Yang G. The Molecular Basis of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes (E2s) as a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073440. [PMID: 33810518 PMCID: PMC8037234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are one of the three enzymes required by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to connect activated ubiquitin to target proteins via ubiquitin ligases. E2s determine the connection type of the ubiquitin chains, and different types of ubiquitin chains regulate the stability and activity of substrate proteins. Thus, E2s participate in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. In recent years, the importance of E2s in human health and diseases has been particularly emphasized. Studies have shown that E2s are dysregulated in variety of cancers, thus it might be a potential therapeutic target. However, the molecular basis of E2s as a therapeutic target has not been described systematically. We reviewed this issue from the perspective of the special position and role of E2s in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the structure of E2s and biological processes they are involved in. In addition, the inhibitors and microRNAs targeting E2s are also summarized. This article not only provides a direction for the development of effective drugs but also lays a foundation for further study on this enzyme in the future.
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Liu S, Wang L, Jiang D, Wei W, Nasir MF, Khan MS, Yousafi Q, Liu X, Fu X, Li X, Li J. Sumoylation as an Emerging Target in Therapeutics against Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4764-4776. [PMID: 32568016 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200622124134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation is the Post-translational modification gaining most of the research interest recently. Sumoylation is involved in various crucial functions of the cell such as regulation of cell cycle, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, etc. Oncology is advancing in radiotherapy, targeted chemotherapy, various forms of immunotherapy and targeted gene therapy. Researches are being conducted to prove its connotation with a variety of cancers and inhibitors are being developed to obstruct the fatal effect caused by misbalance of the SUMO-catalytic cycle. It has been shown that up-regulation of certain enzymes of Sumoylation correlates with cancer incidence in most of the cases. However, in some cases, down-regulation also associates with cancer invasion such as underexpression of UBC9 in initial stage breast cancer. This can aid in future study, treatment, and diagnosis of a variety of cancers including breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, melanoma, multiple myeloma, etc. Various mechanistic assays are being developed and used to identify potential inhibitors against the dysregulated proteins of Sumoylation. This review summarizes the normal roles of the enzymes involved in the SUMOcatalytic cycle, their misbalanced regulation leading to tumorigenesis and nearly all the potent inhibitors identified to date, while after detailed studied it was observed that ML-792 could be a promising inhibitor in treating cancers by inhibiting Sumoylation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China,College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Dongjun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China,Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mushyeda Fatima Nasir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Qudsia Yousafi
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Xintong Liu
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China,Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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9
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Yang H, Gao S, Chen J, Lou W. UBE2I promotes metastasis and correlates with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:234. [PMID: 32536822 PMCID: PMC7291483 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A comprehensive investigation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I (UBE2I) in cancer is still insufficiency. In this study, we aimed to analyze its role and mechanism in cancer by combination of bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation. Methods The expression profile of UBE2I in human cancers were obtained using GEPIA. Kaplan–Meier plotter was used to assess the prognostic values of UBE2I in diverse types of cancer. ROC curve analysis was employed to determine the diagnostic role of UBE2I in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression differences based on various clinicopathological features was evaluated by UALCAN. Wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were used to detected the effects of UBE2I on migration and invasion of HCC cells, respectively. The miRNA regulatory mechanism of UBE2I was successively investigated by binding prediction, expression analysis, survival analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The correlation of UBE2I mRNA expression and UBE2I promoter methylation level was assessed using cBioPortal. STRING was finally introduced to perform co-expression analysis and enrichment analysis for UBE2I. Results UBE2I was upregulated in HCC, correlated with cancer progression and poor prognosis of HCC. We also found a significant diagnostic value of UBE2I in HCC. Functional experiments revealed that knockdown of UBE2I significantly inhibited HCC migration and invasion. Further research on mechanism suggested that loss of inhibition of hsa-miR-195-3p and dysregulation of UBE2I promoter methylation might account for UBE2I overexpression in HCC. Analysis of UBE2I-invovled regulatory network identified six key genes (NSMCE2, SAE1, UBA2, RANGAP1, SUMO1 and SUMO2) whose expression linked to poor prognosis in HCC. Conclusions In conclusion, UBE2I may be a promising therapeutic target and biomarker in cancer, especially HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000 Zhejiang China
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China
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10
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Molecular mechanisms in SUMO conjugation. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:123-135. [PMID: 31872228 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a post-translational modifier that can regulate the function of hundreds of proteins inside the cell. SUMO belongs to the ubiquitin-like family of proteins that can be attached to target proteins by a dedicated enzymatic cascade pathway formed by E1, E2 and E3 enzymes. SUMOylation is involved in many cellular pathways, having in most instances essential roles for their correct function. In this review, we want to highlight the latest research on the molecular mechanisms that lead to the formation of the isopeptidic bond between the lysine substrate and the C-terminus of SUMO. In particular, we will focus on the recent discoveries on the catalytic function of the SUMO E3 ligases revealed by structural and biochemical approaches. Also, we will discuss important questions regarding specificity in SUMO conjugation, which it still remains as a major issue due to the small number of SUMO E3 ligases discovered so far, in contrast with the large number of SUMO conjugated proteins in the cell.
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11
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Sun X, Xue H, Xiong Y, Yu R, Gao X, Qian M, Wang S, Wang H, Xu J, Chen Z, Deng L, Li G. GALE Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Glioblastoma Cells and Is Regulated by miR-let-7i-5p. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10539-10554. [PMID: 31908526 PMCID: PMC6924591 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s221585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioma is the most common and lethal type of brain tumor. While GALE (UDP-galactose-4-epimerase) has been shown to be overexpressed in some kinds of cancers, its expression in gliomas has not been reported. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as tumor suppressors in many cancers, and online datasets can be used to predict whether GALE is regulated by miR-let-7i-5p. In this investigation, we explored the effect and regulatory mechanisms of GALE on glioblastoma growth via miR-let-7i-5p. Methods We used a Cox proportional hazards model and publicly available datasets to examine the relationship between GALE and the survival rates of glioma patients. Bioinformatics predicted the targeting of GALE by miR-let-7i-5p. The proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis of human glioblastoma cells were assessed by relevant assays. We also demonstrated the effect of GALE on glioblastoma multiforme [GBM] tumor growth using an in vivo orthotopic xenograft model. Results GALE was upregulated in human gliomas, especially in high-grade gliomas (e.g., GBM). An obvious decline in GALE expression was observed in human glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251) following treatment with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting GALE or miR-let-7i-5p mimics. Knockdown of GALE or overexpression of miR-let-7i-5p (with miR-let-7i-5p mimics) inhibited U87 and U251 cell growth. miR-let-7i-5p significantly restrained the migration ability of human glioblastoma cells in vascular mimic (VM), wound healing and transwell assays, and GALE promoted glioblastoma growth in vivo. Conclusion Our findings confirm that GALE plays an important role in promoting the development of human glioma and that GALE can be regulated by miR-let-7i-5p to inhibit human glioblastoma growth. Implications for cancer survivors Our data show that cancer survivors have low GALE expression, which indicates that GALE may be a diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong Province 253014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Yang JK, Liu HJ, Wang Y, Li C, Yang JP, Yang L, Qi XJ, Zhao YL, Shi XF, Li JC, Sun GZ, Jiao BH. Exosomal miR-214-5p Released from Glioblastoma Cells Modulates Inflammatory Response of Microglia after Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation through Targeting CXCR5. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:78-87. [PMID: 30394221 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181105112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Exosomes communicate inter-cellularly and miRNAs play critical roles in this scenario. MiR-214-5p was implicated in multiple tumors with diverse functions uncovered. However, whether miR-214-5p is mechanistically involved in glioblastoma, especially via exosomal pathway, is still elusive. Here we sought to comprehensively address the critical role of exosomal miR-214-5p in glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment.Methods:The relative expression of miR-214-5p was determined by real-time PCR. Cell viability and migration were measured by MTT and transwell chamber assays, respectively. The secretory cytokines were measured with ELISA kits. The regulatory effect of miR-214-5p on CXCR5 expression was interrogated by luciferase reporter assay. Protein level was analyzed by Western blot.Results:We demonstrated that miR-214-5p was aberrantly overexpressed in GBM and associated with poorer clinical prognosis. High level of miR-214-5p significantly contributed to cell proliferation and migration. GBM-derived exosomal miR-214-5p promoted inflammatory response in primary microglia upon lipopolysaccharide challenge. We further identified CXCR5 as the direct target of miR-214- 5p in this setting.Conclusion:Overexpression of miR-214-5p in GBM modulated the inflammatory response in microglia via exosomal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-kai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Hong-jiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Ji-peng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xue-jiao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yin-long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xue-fang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jing-chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Guo-zhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Bao-hua Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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13
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Wang J, Che F, Zhang J, Zhang M, Xiao S, Liu Y, Zhou L, Su Q, You C, Lu Y, Heng X. Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Serum Cell-Free microRNA-214 in Glioma. World Neurosurg 2019; 125:e1217-e1225. [PMID: 30794970 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to expound feasibility of serum cell-free microRNA-214 (miR-214) as a noninvasive biomarker for glioma in this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS We detected expression of miR-214 in medium from 2 glioma cell lines to confirm whether it is secretory in screening phase. Then, we verified cell-free miR-214 expression in serum samples from an independent set of 100 preoperative patients with glioma, 30 matching postoperative patients, and 100 healthy controls. RESULTS MiR-214 was secreted from glioma cell lines. Extracellular miR-214 levels were significantly overexpressed in preoperative serum from glioma patients with glioma, whereas its expression significantly decreased in matched postoperative serum. Upregulated cell-free miR-214 in serum was significantly associated with higher tumor grade, absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase, and unmethylated methylguanine methyltransferase promoter. Extracellular miR-214 in serum could effectively distinguish patients with glioma from healthy control (area under the curve = 0.885; 95% confidence interval, 0.833-0.926). Moreover, serum cell-free miR-214 was an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival for patients with glioma. CONCLUSIONS Serum cell-free miR-214 could serve as a promising noninvasive biomarker of glioma in tumor stratification, early diagnosis, and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China; Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China; Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Cancer Center and Steering Committee, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- Cancer Center and Steering Committee, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Cancer Center and Steering Committee, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liangjian Zhou
- Cancer Center and Steering Committee, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Quanping Su
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuiping You
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yucheng Lu
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
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14
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PPAR α Regulates the Proliferation of Human Glioma Cells through miR-214 and E2F2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3842753. [PMID: 29862267 PMCID: PMC5976971 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3842753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and functions as a transcription factor. Previous work showed that PPARα plays multiple roles in lipid metabolism in tissues such as cardiac and skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Recent studies have discovered additional roles for PPARα in cell proliferation and metabolism, as well as tumor progression. PPARα is aberrantly expressed in various cancers, and activated PPARα inhibits the proliferation of some tumor cells. However, there have been no studies of PPARα in human gliomas. Here, we show that PPARα is expressed at lower levels in anaplastic gliomas and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissue compared with low-grade gliomas tissue, and low expression is associated with poor patient prognosis. PPARα activates transcription of dynamin-3 opposite strand (DNMO3os), which encodes a cluster of miR-214, miR-199a-3p, and miR-199a-5p microRNAs. Of these, miR-214 is transcribed at particularly high levels. PPARα-induced miR-214 expression causes downregulation of its target E2F2. Finally, miR-214 overexpression inhibits glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. Collectively, these data uncover a novel role for a PPARα-miR-214-E2F2 pathway in controlling glioma cell proliferation.
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15
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Han ZJ, Feng YH, Gu BH, Li YM, Chen H. The post-translational modification, SUMOylation, and cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1081-1094. [PMID: 29484374 PMCID: PMC5843405 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification which has emerged as a crucial molecular regulatory mechanism, involved in the regulation of DNA damage repair, immune responses, carcinogenesis, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Four SUMO isoforms have been identified, which are SUMO1, SUMO2/3 and SUMO4. The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway is conserved in all eukaryotes and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of gene expression, cellular signaling and the maintenance of genomic integrity. The SUMO catalytic cycle includes maturation, activation, conjugation, ligation and de-modification. The dysregulation of the SUMO system is associated with a number of diseases, particularly cancer. SUMOylation is widely involved in carcinogenesis, DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. SUMO can be used as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. In this review, we briefly outline the basic concepts of the SUMO system and summarize the involvement of SUMO proteins in cancer cells in order to better understand the role of SUMO in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hu Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Hong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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16
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Lv QL, Zhu HT, Li HM, Cheng XH, Zhou HH, Chen SH. Down-regulation of miRNA-320c promotes tumor growth and metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in human glioma. Brain Res Bull 2018; 139:125-132. [PMID: 29438779 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies show that dysregulated miRNAs are implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. MiRNA-320c, an important member of miRNA-320 family, was characterized as a new candidate miRNA that suppressed the development of colorectal cancer and bladder cancer. However, the function of miRNA-320c in human glioma remained unclear. Here, we found that miRNA-320c was significantly down-regulated in glioma tissues in contrast with normal brain tissues, being tightly related to clinical stage of glioma by qRT-PCR. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with low miRNA-320c expression had a shorter survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that miRNA-320c could serve as an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with glioma. Functionally, overexpression of miRNA-320c could dramatically inhibit glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as promote apoptosis. Further analysis indicated that overexpression of miRNA-320c dramatically led to the G0/G1 phase arrest and correspondingly decreased the percentage of S phase cells by suppressing the expression of G1/S transition key regulators, such as Cyclin D1 and CDK6. Additionally, up-regulation of miRNA-320c could significantly impair migration and invasion of glioma cells via reducing the expression of MMP2, MMP9, N-cadherin and Integrin β1. Collectively, our data revealed that miRNA-320c played a crucial role in the carcinoma processes of glioma and might serve as a new prognosis biomarker and therapeutic target of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Li Lv
- Department of Science and Education, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, PR China
| | - Hui-Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, PR China
| | - Hong-Mi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hua Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, PR China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, PR China.
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17
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Mattoscio D, Casadio C, Miccolo C, Maffini F, Raimondi A, Tacchetti C, Gheit T, Tagliabue M, Galimberti VE, De Lorenzi F, Pawlita M, Chiesa F, Ansarin M, Tommasino M, Chiocca S. Autophagy regulates UBC9 levels during viral-mediated tumorigenesis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006262. [PMID: 28253371 PMCID: PMC5349695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UBC9, the sole E2-conjugating enzyme required for SUMOylation, is a key regulator of essential cellular functions and, as such, is frequently altered in cancers. Along these lines, we recently reported that its expression gradually increases during early stages of human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated cervical lesions transformation. However, a better understanding of how UBC9 is exploited by transforming viral oncoproteins is still needed. In the present study, we show that in human samples HPV drives UBC9 up-regulation also in very early steps of head and neck tumorigenesis, pointing to the important role for UBC9 in the HPV-mediated carcinogenic program. Moreover, using HPV-infected pre-cancerous tissues and primary human keratinocytes as the natural host of the virus, we investigate the pathological meaning and the cellular mechanisms responsible for UBC9 de-regulation in an oncoviral context. Our results show that UBC9 overexpression is promoted by transforming viral proteins to increase host cells' resistance to apoptosis. In addition, ultrastuctural, pharmacological and genetic approaches crucially unveil that UBC9 is physiologically targeted by autophagy in human cells. However, the presence of HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins negatively impacts the autophagic process through selective inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, finally leading to p53 dependent UBC9 accumulation during viral-induced cellular transformation. Therefore, our study elucidates how UBC9 is manipulated by HPV oncoproteins, details the physiological mechanism by which UBC9 is degraded in cells, and identifies how HPV E6/E7 impact on autophagy. These findings point to UBC9 and autophagy as novel hallmarks of HPV oncogenesis, and open innovative avenues towards the treatment of HPV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mattoscio
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Casadio
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Miccolo
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Maffini
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marta Tagliabue
- European Institute of Oncology, Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fausto Chiesa
- European Institute of Oncology, Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohssen Ansarin
- European Institute of Oncology, Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
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18
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Pichler A, Fatouros C, Lee H, Eisenhardt N. SUMO conjugation - a mechanistic view. Biomol Concepts 2017; 8:13-36. [PMID: 28284030 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of protein fate by modification with the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) plays an essential and crucial role in most cellular pathways. Sumoylation is highly dynamic due to the opposing activities of SUMO conjugation and SUMO deconjugation. SUMO conjugation is performed by the hierarchical action of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes, while its deconjugation involves SUMO-specific proteases. In this review, we summarize and compare the mechanistic principles of how SUMO gets conjugated to its substrate. We focus on the interplay of the E1, E2 and E3 enzymes and discuss how specificity could be achieved given the limited number of conjugating enzymes and the thousands of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pichler
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chronis Fatouros
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heekyoung Lee
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Eisenhardt
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Post-translational protein modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), termed sumoylation, is an important mechanism in cellular responses to stress and one that appears to be upregulated in many cancers. Here, we examine the role of sumoylation in tumorigenesis as a possibly necessary safeguard that protects the stability and functionality of otherwise easily misregulated gene expression programmes and signalling pathways of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob-Sebastian Seeler
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue de Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Anne Dejean
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue de Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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20
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Jiang Z, Yao L, Ma H, Xu P, Li Z, Guo M, Chen J, Bao H, Qiao S, Zhao Y, Shen J, Zhu M, Meyers C, Ma G, Xie C, Liu L, Wang H, Zhang W, Dong Q, Shen H, Lin Z. miRNA-214 Inhibits Cellular Proliferation and Migration in Glioma Cells Targeting Caspase 1 Involved in Pyroptosis. Oncol Res 2016; 25:1009-1019. [PMID: 28244850 PMCID: PMC7840997 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14813859905646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of proinflammatory programmed cell death mediated by caspase 1 activity and occurs in several types of eukaryotic tumor cells, including gliomas. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small endogenous noncoding RNAs, have been demonstrated to be advantageous in glioma therapy. However, the question of whether miRNAs regulate pyroptosis in glioma remains unknown. The current study found that caspase 1 expression was substantially increased in both glioma tissues and glioma cell lines, U87 and T98G, while miR-214 expression was significantly downregulated. Luciferase reporter assay recognized caspase 1 as a target gene of miR-214. These findings demonstrate that miR-214 could inhibit cell proliferation and migration through the regulation of pyroptosis intermediated by caspase 1 in glioma U87 and T98G cells and may suggest a novel therapeutic for the intervention of glioma.
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21
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Xue H, Guo X, Han X, Yan S, Zhang J, Xu S, Li T, Guo X, Zhang P, Gao X, Liu Q, Li G. MicroRNA-584-3p, a novel tumor suppressor and prognostic marker, reduces the migration and invasion of human glioma cells by targeting hypoxia-induced ROCK1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4785-805. [PMID: 26715733 PMCID: PMC4826243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that microRNA-584-3p (miR-584-3p) is up-regulated in hypoxic glioma cells and in high-grade human glioma tumors (WHO grades III–IV) relative to normoxic cells and to low-grade tumors (WHO grades I–II), respectively. The postoperative survival time was significantly prolonged in the high-grade glioma patients with high miR-584-3p expression compared with those with low miR-584-3p expression. miR-584-3p may function as a potent tumor suppressor and as a prognostic biomarker for malignant glioma. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties remain poorly understood. Our mechanistic studies revealed that miR-584-3p suppressed the migration and invasion of glioma cells by disrupting hypoxia-induced stress fiber formation. Specifically, we have found that ROCK1 is a direct and functionally relevant target of miR-584-3p in glioma cells. Our results have demonstrated a tumor suppressive function of miR-584-3p in glioma, in which it inhibits the migration and invasion of tumor cells by antagonizing hypoxia-induced, ROCK1-dependent stress fiber formation. Our findings have potential implications for glioma gene therapy and suggest that miR-584-3p could represent a prognostic indicator for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinsen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shugang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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22
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Meng F, Qian J, Yue H, Li X, Xue K. SUMOylation of Rb enhances its binding with CDK2 and phosphorylation at early G1 phase. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1724-32. [PMID: 27163259 PMCID: PMC4957593 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1182267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is a prototypical tumor suppressor that is vital to the negative regulation of the cell cycle and tumor progression. Hypo-phosphorylated Rb is associated with G0/G1 arrest by suppressing E2F transcription factor activity, whereas Rb hyper-phosphorylation allows E2F release and cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase. However, the factors that regulate cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK)-dependent hyper-phosphorylation of Rb during the cell cycle remain obscure. In this study, we show that throughout the cell cycle, Rb is specifically small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylated at early G1 phase. SUMOylation of Rb stimulates its phosphorylation level by recruiting a SUMO-interaction motif (SIM)-containing kinase CDK2, leading to Rb hyper-phosphorylation and E2F-1 release. In contrast, a SUMO-deficient Rb mutant results in reduced SUMOylation and phosphorylation, weakened CDK2 binding, and attenuated E2F-1 sequestration. Furthermore, we reveal that Rb SUMOylation is required for cell proliferation. Therefore, our study describes a novel mechanism that regulates Rb phosphorylation during cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxi Meng
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiang Qian
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Han Yue
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Kang Xue
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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23
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Abstract
SUMOylation is a key post-translational modification that regulates crucial cellular functions and pathological processes. Recently, Small Ubiquitin-related MOdifier (SUMO) modification has emerged as a fundamental route that may drive different steps of human tumorigenesis. Indeed, alteration in expression or activity of one of the different SUMO pathway components may completely subvert cellular properties through fine-tuning modulation of protein(s) involved in carcinogenic pathways, leading to altered cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance and metastatic potential. Here we describe some of the most interesting findings pointing to a clear link between SUMO pathway and human malignancies. Importantly, a putative role for SUMO enzymes to predict cancer behavior can be speculated, and thus the possible application of alterations in SUMO pathway components as tumor biomarkers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mattoscio
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology@ IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology@ IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Xue H, Gao X, Xu S, Zhang J, Guo X, Yan S, Li T, Guo X, Liu Q, Li G. MicroRNA-Let-7f reduces the vasculogenic mimicry of human glioma cells by regulating periostin-dependent migration. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:1771-7. [PMID: 26750768 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was the first to examine the effect of microRNA-Let-7f (miR-Let-7f) inhibiting vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of human glioma cells. The postoperative survival time was significantly poor in VM-positive glioma patients compared with those without VM. Thus, it is reasonable to postulate that miR-Let-7f functions as a potent tumor suppressor by inhibiting glioma VM. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly clarified. Our preliminary studies revealed that miR-Let-7f suppressed VM by disturbing periostin (POSTN)-induced migration of glioma cells. Our results clearly demonstrated that inhibiting the pro-migratory function of POSTN by the overexpression of miR-Let-7f significantly reduced the formation of VM. Our findings suggest that miR-Let-7f may serve as a potential complementary therapeutic target in the anti‑angiogenesis treatment of gliomas via suppressing VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shugang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jinsen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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25
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Heishima K, Mori T, Sakai H, Sugito N, Murakami M, Yamada N, Akao Y, Maruo K. MicroRNA-214 Promotes Apoptosis in Canine Hemangiosarcoma by Targeting the COP1-p53 Axis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137361. [PMID: 26335793 PMCID: PMC4559432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-214 regulates both angiogenic function in endothelial cells and apoptosis in various cancers. However, the regulation and function of miR-214 is unclear in canine hemangiosarcoma, which is a spontaneous model of human angiosarcoma. The expression and functional roles of miR-214 in canine hemangiosarcoma were presently explored by performing miRNA TaqMan qRT-PCR and transfecting cells with synthetic microRNA. Here, we report that miR-214 was significantly down-regulated in the cell lines used and in clinical samples of canine hemangiosarcoma. Restoration of miR-214 expression reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis in canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines through transcriptional activation of p53-regulated genes although miR-214 had a slight effect of growth inhibition on normal endothelial cells. We identified COP1, which is a critical negative regulator of p53, as a novel direct target of miR-214. COP1 was overexpressed and the specific COP1 knockdown induced apoptosis through transcriptional activation of p53-regulated genes as well as did miR-214-transfection in HSA cell lines. Furthermore, p53 knockdown abolished the miR-214-COP1-mediated apoptosis; thus, miR-214 and COP1 regulated apoptosis through controlling p53 in HSA. In conclusion, miR-214 functioned as a tumor suppressor in canine hemangiosarcoma by inducing apoptosis through recovering the function of p53. miR-214 down-regulation and COP1 overexpression is likely to contribute to tumorigenesis of HSA. Therefore, targeting miR-214-COP1-p53 axis would possibly be a novel effective strategy for treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma and capable of being applied to the development of novel therapeutics for human angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Heishima
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mami Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nami Yamada
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohji Maruo
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
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26
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Salmonella Engages Host MicroRNAs To Modulate SUMOylation: a New Arsenal for Intracellular Survival. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2932-46. [PMID: 26100020 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00397-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) can alter many fundamental properties of a protein. One or combinations of them have been known to regulate the dynamics of many cellular pathways and consequently regulate all vital processes. Understandably, pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to subvert these mechanisms to achieve instantaneous control over host functions. Here, we present the first report of modulation by intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) of host SUMOylation, a PTM pathway central to all fundamental cellular processes. Both in cell culture and in a mouse model, we observed that S. Typhimurium infection led to a dynamic SUMO-conjugated proteome alteration. The intracellular survival of S. Typhimurium was dependent on SUMO status as revealed by reduced infection and Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs) in SUMO-upregulated cells. S. Typhimurium-dependent SUMO modulation was seen as a result of depletion of crucial SUMO pathway enzymes Ubc-9 and PIAS1, at both the protein and the transcript levels. Mechanistically, depletion of Ubc-9 relied on upregulation of small noncoding RNAs miR30c and miR30e during S. Typhimurium infection. This was necessary and sufficient for both down-modulation of Ubc-9 and a successful infection. Thus, we demonstrate a novel strategy of pathogen-mediated perturbation of host SUMOylation, an integral mechanism underlying S. Typhimurium infection and intracellular survival.
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Mattoscio D, Casadio C, Fumagalli M, Sideri M, Chiocca S. The SUMO conjugating enzyme UBC9 as a biomarker for cervical HPV infections. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:534. [PMID: 26015803 PMCID: PMC4435752 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect stratified epithelium and are the causative agents of cervical cancer, the second most common cause of cancer-related death in women. A critical aspect that still persists in the HPV field is the selection of very sensitive and specific HPV diagnostic assays. Here, we provide evidence that the crucial small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E2-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 is strongly upregulated in cervical lesions. Ubc9 detection could thus be used in diagnosing and/or monitoring the progression of an HPV oncogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mattoscio
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy ; Equally contributed to this work
| | - Chiara Casadio
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology, 20141 Milan, Italy ; Equally contributed to this work
| | | | - Mario Sideri
- European Institute of Oncology, Division of Gynecology, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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28
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Sharma T, Hamilton R, Mandal CC. miR-214: a potential biomarker and therapeutic for different cancers. Future Oncol 2015; 11:349-63. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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29
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Wang XP, Deng XL, Li LY. MicroRNA-584 functions as a tumor suppressor and targets PTTG1IP in glioma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8573-8582. [PMID: 25674221 PMCID: PMC4314038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post transcriptional level. Compelling evidence shows that there are causative links between miRNAs deregulation and cancer development and progression. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-584 was downregulated in human glioma and could suppress growth of the human glioma cell line U87-MG and U251-MG. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that PTTG1IP was a putative target of miR-584. In a Luciferase reporter system, we confirmed that PTTG1IP was a direct target gene of miR-584. These findings indicate that miR-584 suppresses glioma cell growth by negatively regulating the expression of PTTG1IP, suggesting that miR-584 has a tumor suppressive role in human glioma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityYunnan 650032, China
| | - Xing-Li Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityYunnan 650032, China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical UniversityYunnan 650050, China
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Katoh M. Cardio-miRNAs and onco-miRNAs: circulating miRNA-based diagnostics for non-cancerous and cancerous diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:61. [PMID: 25364765 PMCID: PMC4207049 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancers are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that primarily repress target mRNAs. Here, miR-24, miR-125b, miR-195, and miR-214 were selected as representative cardio-miRs that are upregulated in human heart failure. To bridge the gap between miRNA studies in cardiology and oncology, the targets and functions of these miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases and cancers will be reviewed. ACVR1B, BCL2, BIM, eNOS, FGFR3, JPH2, MEN1, MYC, p16, and ST7L are miR-24 targets that have been experimentally validated in human cells. ARID3B, BAK1, BCL2, BMPR1B, ERBB2, FGFR2, IL6R, MUC1, SITR7, Smoothened, STAT3, TET2, and TP53 are representative miR-125b targets. ACVR2A, BCL2, CCND1, E2F3, GLUT3, MYB, RAF1, VEGF, WEE1, and WNT7A are representative miR-195 targets. BCL2L2, ß-catenin, BIM, CADM1, EZH2, FGFR1, NRAS, PTEN, TP53, and TWIST1 are representative miR-214 targets. miR-125b is a good cardio-miR that protects cardiomyocytes; miR-195 is a bad cardio-miR that elicits cardiomyopathy and heart failure; miR-24 and miR-214 are bi-functional cardio-miRs. By contrast, miR-24, miR-125b, miR-195, and miR-214 function as oncogenic or tumor suppressor miRNAs in a cancer (sub)type-dependent manner. Circulating miR-24 is elevated in diabetes, breast cancer and lung cancer. Circulating miR-195 is elevated in acute myocardial infarction, breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Circulating miR-125b and miR-214 are elevated in some cancers. Cardio-miRs and onco-miRs bear some similarities in functions and circulation profiles. miRNAs regulate WNT, FGF, Hedgehog and other signaling cascades that are involved in orchestration of embryogenesis and homeostasis as well as pathogenesis of human diseases. Because circulating miRNA profiles are modulated by genetic and environmental factors and are dysregulated by genetic and epigenetic alterations in somatic cells, circulating miRNA association studies (CMASs) within several thousands of cases each for common non-cancerous diseases and major cancers are necessary for miRNA-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Adlakha YK, Saini N. Brain microRNAs and insights into biological functions and therapeutic potential of brain enriched miRNA-128. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:33. [PMID: 24555688 PMCID: PMC3936914 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, the non-coding single-stranded RNA of 19–25 nucleotides are emerging as robust players of gene regulation. Plethora of evidences support that the ability of microRNAs to regulate several genes of a pathway or even multiple cross talking pathways have significant impact on a complex regulatory network and ultimately the physiological processes and diseases. Brain being a complex organ with several cell types, expresses more distinct miRNAs than any other tissues. This review aims to discuss about the microRNAs in brain development, function and their dysfunction in brain tumors. We also provide a comprehensive summary of targets of brain specific and brain enriched miRNAs that contribute to the diversity and plasticity of the brain. In particular, we uncover recent findings on miRNA-128, a brain-enriched microRNA that is induced during neuronal differentiation and whose aberrant expression has been reported in several cancers. This review describes the wide spectrum of targets of miRNA-128 that have been identified till date with potential roles in apoptosis, angiogenesis, proliferation, cholesterol metabolism, self renewal, invasion and cancer progression and how this knowledge might be exploited for the development of future miRNA-128 based therapies for the treatment of cancer as well as metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi, India.
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32
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Varadaraj A, Mattoscio D, Chiocca S. SUMO Ubc9 enzyme as a viral target. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:27-33. [PMID: 24395713 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Viruses alter specific host cell targets to counteract possible defense mechanisms aimed at eliminating infectivity and viral propagation. The SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9 functions as a hub for protein sumoylation, whilst also providing an interactive surface for sumoylated proteins through noncovalent interactions. The targeting of Ubc9 by viruses and viral proteins is thus highly beneficial for the disruption of both protein modification and protein-protein interaction mechanisms with which proteins increase their functional repertoire in cells. This review explores some of the clever mechanisms adopted by viruses to deregulate Ubc9, influence effector pathways and positively impact viral persistence consequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Varadaraj
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Wang S, Jiao B, Geng S, Ma S, Liang Z, Lu S. Combined aberrant expression of microRNA-214 and UBC9 is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with gliomas. Med Oncol 2013; 31:767. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ying S, Dünnebier T, Si J, Hamann U. Estrogen receptor alpha and nuclear factor Y coordinately regulate the transcription of the SUMO-conjugating UBC9 gene in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75695. [PMID: 24086615 PMCID: PMC3785449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UBC9 encodes a protein that conjugates small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins thereby changing their functions. Recently, it was noted that UBC9 expression and activity play a role in breast tumorigenesis and response to anticancer drugs. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of the UBC9 gene, we identified and characterized its promoter and cis-elements. Promoter activity was tested using luciferase reporter assays. The binding of transcription factors to the promoter was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and their functional role was confirmed by siRNA knockdown. UBC9 mRNA and protein levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. An increased expression of UBC9 mRNA and protein was found in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with 17β-estradiol (E2). Analysis of various deletion mutants revealed a 137 bp fragment upstream of the transcription initiation site to be sufficient for reporter gene transcription. Mutations of putative estrogen receptor α (ER-α) (one imperfect estrogen response element, ERE) and/or nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) binding sites (two CCAAT boxes) markedly reduced promoter activity. Similar results were obtained in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells except that the ERE mutation did not affect promoter activity. Additionally, promoter activity was stimulated upon E2 treatment and overexpression of ER-α or NF-YA in MCF-7 cells. ChIP confirmed direct binding of both transcription factors to the UBC9 promoter in vivo. Furthermore, UBC9 expression was diminished by ER-α and NF-Y siRNAs on the mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, we identified the proximal UBC9 promoter and provided evidence that ER-α and NF-Y regulate UBC9 expression on the transcriptional level in response to E2 in MCF-7 cells. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of UBC9 in ER-positive breast cancer and be useful for the development of cancer therapies targeting UBC9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Ying
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dünnebier
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jing Si
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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35
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Droescher M, Chaugule VK, Pichler A. SUMO rules: regulatory concepts and their implication in neurologic functions. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:639-60. [PMID: 23990202 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of proteins by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a potent regulator of various cellular events. Hundreds of substrates have been identified, many of them involved in vital processes like transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, protein degradation, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, chromatin organization, and nuclear transport. In recent years, protein sumoylation increasingly attracted attention, as it could be linked to heart failure, cancer, and neurodegeneration. However, underlying mechanisms involving how modification by SUMO contributes to disease development are still scarce thus necessitating further research. This review aims to critically discuss currently available concepts of the SUMO pathway, thereby highlighting regulation in the healthy versus diseased organism, focusing on neurologic aspects. Better understanding of differential regulation in health and disease may finally allow to uncover pathogenic mechanisms and contribute to the development of disease-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Droescher
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Vlachostergios PJ, Voutsadakis IA, Papandreou CN. The role of ubiquitin-proteasome system in glioma survival and growth. Growth Factors 2013; 31:106-13. [PMID: 23688106 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2013.799156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas represent a group of aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis due to an inherent capacity of persistent cell growth and survival. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an intracellular machinery responsible for protein turnover. Emerging evidence implicates various proteins targeted for degradation by the UPS in key survival and proliferation signaling pathways of these tumors. In this review, we discuss the involvement of UPS in the regulation of several mediators and effectors of these pathways in malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
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