miR-3074-3p promotes myoblast differentiation by targeting Cav1

Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and disease pathogenesis

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma and several other tumors and hyperproliferative diseases seen predominantly in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and other immunocompromised persons. There is an increasing body of evidence showing that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play important roles in the biology of KSHV and in the pathogenesis of KSHV-induced diseases. Hypoxia and HIFs can induce lytic activation of KSHV and KSHV can in turn lead to a hypoxic-like state in infected cells. In this review, we describe the complex interactions between KSHV biology, the cellular responses to hypoxia, and the pathogenesis of KSHV-induced diseases. We also describe how interference with HIFs can lead to decreased tumor growth and/or death of infected cells and KSHV-induced tumors. Finally, we show how these observations may lead to novel strategies for the treatment of KSHV-induced diseases.

Enhanced effects of antagomiR-3074-3p-conjugated PEI-AuNPs on the odontogenic differentiation by targeting FKBP9

The odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which is vital for tooth regeneration, was regulated by various functional molecules. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that miRNAs play a crucial role in the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). However, the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulated odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs remained unclear, and the application of miRNAs in reparative dentin formation in vivo was also rare. In this study, we first discovered that miR-3074-3p had an inhibitory effect on odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs and antagomiR-3074-3p-conjugated PEI-AuNPs effectively promoted odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro. AntagomiR-3074-3p-conjugated PEI-AuNPs was further applied to the rat pulp-capping model and showed the increased formation of restorative dentin. In addition, the results of lentivirus transfection in vitro suggested that FKBP9 acted as the key target of miR-3074-3p in regulating the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. These findings might provide a new strategy and candidate target for dentin restoration and tooth regeneration.

RNA-Seq Reveals miRNA and mRNA Co-regulate Muscle Differentiation in Fetal Leizhou Goats

Muscle differentiation is an essential link in animal growth and development, and microRNA and mRNA are indispensable in skeletal muscle differentiation. To improve the meat quality and production of the Leizhou goat, it is vital to understand the molecular mechanism by which its skeletal muscle differentiates. By RNA sequencing (RNA-SEQ), we established miRNA-mRNA profiles of Leizhou goats at three stages: fetal day 70, 90, and 120. There were 991 differently expressed mRNAs and 39 differentially expressed miRNAs found, with the differentially expressed mRNAs mainly enriched in calcium ion binding, ECM-receptor interaction, and Focal adhesion. CKM and MYH3, two muscle differentiation markers, were significantly differentially expressed during this period. In addition, we found that chi-miR-129-5p, chi-miR-433, and chi-miR-24-3p co-regulate muscle differentiation with their target genes. Finally, we can confirm that muscle differentiation occurred in Leizhou goat between 90 and 120 days of the fetus. This study is helpful to better explore the molecular mechanism of goat muscle differentiation.

MiR-743a-5p regulates differentiation of myoblast by targeting Mob1b in skeletal muscle development and regeneration

The microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating myogenesis by targeting mRNA. However, the understanding of miRNAs in skeletal muscle development and diseases is unclear. In this study, we firstly performed the transcriptome profiling in differentiating C2C12 myoblast cells. Totally, we identified 187 miRNAs and 4260 mRNAs significantly differentially expressed that were involved in myoblast differentiation. We carried out validation of microarray data based on 5 mRNAs and 5 miRNAs differentially expressed and got a consistent result. Then we constructed and validated the significantly up- and down-regulated mRNA-miRNA interaction networks. Four interaction pairs (miR-145a-5p-Fscn1, miR-200c-5p-Tmigd1, miR-27a-5p-Sln and miR-743a-5p-Mob1b) with targeted relationships in differentiated myoblast cells were demonstrated. They are all closely related to myoblast development. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated cell cycle signals important for exploring skeletal muscle development and disease. Functionally, we discovered that miR-743a targeting gene Mps One Binder Kinase Activator-Like 1B (Mob1b) gene in differentiated C2C12. The up-regulated miR-743a can promote the differentiation of C2C12 myoblast. While the down-regulated Mob1b plays a negative role in differentiation. In addition, the expression profile of miR-743a and Mob1b are consistent with skeletal muscle recovery after Cardiotoxin (CTX) injury. Our study revealed that miR-743a-5p regulates myoblast differentiation by targeting Mob1b involved in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. Our findings made a further exploration for mechanisms in myogenesis and might provide potential possible miRNA-based target therapies for skeletal muscle regeneration and disease in the near future.