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Shetty A, Dubey A, Chrystle J, M M, John A, N A, Das P, Hebbar S. Fabrication and in vitro characterization of curcumin film-forming topical spray: An integrated approach for enhanced patient comfort and efficacy. F1000Res 2024; 13:138. [PMID: 38779313 PMCID: PMC11109671 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.142860.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, was selected for the developing consumer friendly film forming spray that offers precise delivery of curcumin and and improves patient adherence. Methods An optimized film-forming solution was prepared by dissolving curcumin (1%), Eudragit RLPO (5%), propylene glycol (1%), and camphor (0.5%) in ethanol: acetone (20:80) as the solvent. The solution was filled in a spray container which contained 70% solutions and 30% petroleum gas. In-vitro characterization was performed. Results Potential anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents were extracted from the PubChem database and prepared as ligands, along with receptor molecules (nsp10-nsp16), for molecular docking using Autodock Vina. The docking study showed the lowest binding energy of -8.2 kcal/mol indicates better binding affinities. The optimized formulation consisted of ethanol:acetone (20:80) as the solvent, Eudragit RLPO (5%) as the polymer, propylene glycol (1%) as the plasticizer, and camphor oil (0.5%) as the penetration enhancer. The optimized formulation exhibited pH of 5.8 ± 0.01, low viscosity, low film formation time (19.54 ± 0.78 sec), high drug content (8.243 ± 0.43 mg/mL), and extended ex vivo drug permeation (85.08 ± 0.09%) for nine hours. Consequently, the formulation was incorporated into a container using 30% liquefied petroleum gas, delivering 0.293 ± 0.08 mL per actuation, containing 1.53 ± 0.07 mg of the drug. The film-forming spray exhibited higher cumulative drug permeation (83.94 ± 0.34%) than the marketed cream formulation and pure drug solution after 9 h, with an enhancement ratio of 14. Notably, the film-forming spray exhibited no skin irritation and remained stable for over three months. Conclusions The developed curcumin film-forming system is promising as a carrier for wound management because of its convenient administration and transport attributes. Further in vivo studies are required to validate its efficacy in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Akhilesh Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Jeshma Chrystle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Manohar M
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Anish John
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Amitha N
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Paramita Das
- Department of Pharma chemistry, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangaluru, Karnataka, 560035, India
| | - Srinivas Hebbar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Shah SI, Williams AC, Lau WM, Khutoryanskiy VV. Planarian toxicity fluorescent assay: A rapid and cheap pre-screening tool for potential skin irritants. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:105004. [PMID: 33010358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a new planarian (Dugesia lugubris) fluorescent assay as a rapid and cheap pre-screening tool to predict strong skin irritants. Our aim was to provide a simple and cost-effective in vivo method that avoided use of higher vertebrates. Adapting previously reported methods for planaria mobility alongside an acute toxicity assay, different irritants at five concentrations (0.1%, 0.05%, 0.025%, 0.01% and 0.005% w/v) were tested but both methods failed to discriminate the irritation potential of the test compounds. Therefore, a new alternative fluorescence assay was developed, hypothesising that increasing damage from the irritant to the planarian outer protective membrane will increase accumulation of sodium fluorescein in the flatworm. Fourteen test chemicals were selected representing strong, moderate, mild and non-irritants. In general, results showed increasing sodium fluorescein accumulation within planaria following acute exposure to increasingly strong skin irritants; on exposure to the strong irritants, benzalkonium chloride, citronellal, methyl palmitate, 1-bromohexane and carvacrol, fluorescence within the planaria was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the negative controls and the common non-irritants PEG-400, dipropylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol; fluorescence values of planaria tested with negative controls and non-irritants were not significantly different. For all test compounds, Fluorescence Intensity of the planaria was compared with literature Primary Irritation Index data and generated a statistically significant (P < 0.005) Pearson correlation (r) of 0.87. Thus, the planarian fluorescent assay is a promising tool for rapid early testing of potential strong skin irritants, and non-irritants, and avoids use of higher vertebrate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ibrahim Shah
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C Williams
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Wing Man Lau
- School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom.
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Application of SV40 T-transformed human corneal epithelial cells to evaluate potential irritant chemicals for in vitro alternative eye toxicity. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 80:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abdelkader H, Pierscionek B, Carew M, Wu Z, Alany RG. Critical appraisal of alternative irritation models: three decades of testing ophthalmic pharmaceuticals. Br Med Bull 2015; 113:59-71. [PMID: 25686845 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing ocular tolerability of ocular pharmaceuticals is an essential regulatory requirement. The current approved reference model (gold standard) for ocular irritation testing is the Draize test. However this method is subjective and involves using live animals, hence the need to develop alternative in vitro and ex vivo testing strategies. SOURCE OF DATA Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Medline, Current Content, Web of Science and validation reports from international regulatory bodies; The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) and European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) were searched for in vitro alternatives. AREA OF AGREEMENT Whilst no single in vitro test can effectively replace the Draize eye irritation test, regulatory bodies and cosmetic/pharmaceutical industries agree that there is a need for in vitro alternatives with validated endpoints to evaluate pharmaceutical ingredients and finished eye products. AREA OF CONTROVERSY There is no single in vitro test / assay that can predict the ocular irritation potential of mild to moderate test substances. AREA TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH This review provides a critical appraisal of the selected in vitro and ex vivo ocular toxicity models recommended by international regulatory bodies. These include cytotoxicity methods, biochemical systems and ex vivo assays. The latter are approved by ECVAM as in vitro alternatives for the well-known Draize test. Hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane and the isolated rabbit eye test are also accepted by regulatory agencies in France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK. A combination of ex vivo assays along with histological examination of excised bovine cornea can predict the conjunctival and corneal tolerability and cover a wider range of ocular pharmaceutical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Abdelkader
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Barbara Pierscionek
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Mark Carew
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raid G Alany
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Choi J, Kim H, Choi J, Oh SM, Park J, Park K. Skin corrosion and irritation test of sunscreen nanoparticles using reconstructed 3D human skin model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:e2014004. [PMID: 25116366 PMCID: PMC4152941 DOI: 10.5620/eht.2014.29.e2014004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Effects of nanoparticles including zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium oxide nanoparticles, and their mixtures on skin corrosion and irritation were investigated by using in vitro 3D human skin models (KeraSkin ((TM)) ) and the results were compared to those of an in vivo animal test. METHODS Skin models were incubated with nanoparticles for a definite time period and cell viability was measured by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Skin corrosion and irritation were identified by the decreased viability based on the pre-determined threshold. RESULTS Cell viability after exposure to nanomaterial was not decreased to the pre-determined threshold level, which was 15% after 60 minutes exposure in corrosion test and 50% after 45 minutes exposure in the irritation test. IL-1α release and histopathological findings support the results of cell viability test. In vivo test using rabbits also showed non-corrosive and non-irritant results. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide the evidence that zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium oxide nanoparticles and their mixture are 'non corrosive' and 'non-irritant' to the human skin by a globally harmonized classification system. In vivo test using animals can be replaced by an alternative in vitro test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghye Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Min Oh
- Fusion Technology Laboratory, Hoseo University, Asan, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Kwangsik Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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McCrudden MTC, Alkilani AZ, McCrudden CM, McAlister E, McCarthy HO, Woolfson AD, Donnelly RF. Design and physicochemical characterisation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle arrays for transdermal delivery of high dose, low molecular weight drugs. J Control Release 2014; 180:71-80. [PMID: 24556420 PMCID: PMC4034161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe formulation and evaluation of novel dissolving polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays for the facilitated delivery of low molecular weight, high dose drugs. Ibuprofen sodium was used as the model here and was successfully formulated at approximately 50% w/w in the dry state using the copolymer poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid). These MNs were robust and effectively penetrated skin in vitro, dissolving rapidly to deliver the incorporated drug. The delivery of 1.5mg ibuprofen sodium, the theoretical mass of ibuprofen sodium contained within the dry MN alone, was vastly exceeded, indicating extensive delivery of the drug loaded into the baseplates. Indeed in in vitro transdermal delivery studies, approximately 33mg (90%) of the drug initially loaded into the arrays was delivered over 24h. Iontophoresis produced no meaningful increase in delivery. Biocompatibility studies and in vivo rat skin tolerance experiments raised no concerns. The blood plasma ibuprofen sodium concentrations achieved in rats (263μgml(-1) at the 24h time point) were approximately 20 times greater than the human therapeutic plasma level. By simplistic extrapolation of average weights from rats to humans, a MN patch design of no greater than 10cm(2) could cautiously be estimated to deliver therapeutically-relevant concentrations of ibuprofen sodium in humans. This work, therefore, represents a significant progression in exploitation of MN for successful transdermal delivery of a much wider range of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 132222, Jordan
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Emma McAlister
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - A David Woolfson
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- Queen's University, Belfast School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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de Guidi G, Bracchitta G, Catalfo A. Photosensitization Reactions of Fluoroquinolones and Their Biological Consequences. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1214-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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