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Shen J, Wang J, Wu M, Shi Y, Lee M, Wang Z, Kong M. Matrine-loaded self-adhesive swelling microneedle for inflammation regulation to improve eczema treatment. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 6:535-546. [PMID: 39219686 PMCID: PMC11358580 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-024-00235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Eczema is a common chronic dermatological disease. Conventional treatments exhibit limited efficacy due to fast drug release resulting in short-term relief. Development of a new treatment strategy that enables sustained drug release and long-term maintenance on the skin surface is necessary. A self-adhesive swelling microneedle patch (SDSMNs) was designed and constructed using a two-step casting method. The adhesive substrate was prepared by blending gelatin and dopamine via oxidation of NaIO4, so it could adhere onto the skin surface as well as withstand repeated bending movement without detachment. The swelling needles were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which could swell by absorbing interstitial fluid and release the drug in a controlled manner. SDSMNs also showed desirable antibacterial activities toward E. coli and S. aureus. The adhesive microneedles loaded with matrine (MAT-SDSMNs), an anti-inflammatory Chinese medicine, dramatically relieved eczema symptoms through IL-17 mediated inflammation responses. The use of MAT-SDSMNs significantly decreased the infiltration of inflammation cells and level of inflammatory cytokines, reduced the skin thickness, and increased collagen deposition fraction compared with conventional ointment or subcutaneous injection. The results suggested that MAT-SDSMNs can improve eczema treatment by regulating the local inflammatory microenvironment, providing a simple, self-administered sustainable strategy for eczema treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00235-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Shen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Meng Wu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Minhyeock Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021 China
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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Gomez-Molina M, Albaladejo-Marico L, Yepes-Molina L, Nicolas-Espinosa J, Navarro-León E, Garcia-Ibañez P, Carvajal M. Exploring Phenolic Compounds in Crop By-Products for Cosmetic Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5884. [PMID: 38892070 PMCID: PMC11172794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds represent a group of secondary metabolites that serve essential functions in plants. Beyond their positive impact on plants, these phenolic metabolites, often referred to as polyphenols, possess a range of biological properties that can promote skin health. Scientific research indicates that topically using phenolics derived from plants can be advantageous, but their activity and stability highly depend on storage of the source material and the extraction method. These compounds have the ability to relieve symptoms and hinder the progression of different skin diseases. Because they come from natural sources and have minimal toxicity, phenolic compounds show potential in addressing the causes and effects of skin aging, skin diseases, and various types of skin damage, such as wounds and burns. Hence, this review provides extensive information on the particular crops from which by-product phenolic compounds can be sourced, also emphasizing the need to conduct research according to proper plant material storage practices and the choice of the best extracting method, along with an examination of their specific functions and the mechanisms by which they act to protect skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomez-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Lorena Albaladejo-Marico
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Lucia Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Eloy Navarro-León
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Paula Garcia-Ibañez
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo—25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (L.A.-M.); (L.Y.-M.); (J.N.-E.); (P.G.-I.)
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Jin X, Song X. Autophagy Dysfunction: The Kernel of Hair Loss? Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1165-1181. [PMID: 38800357 PMCID: PMC11122274 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s462294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is recognized as a crucial regulatory process, instrumental in the removal of senescent, dysfunctional, and damaged cells. Within the autophagic process, lysosomal digestion plays a critical role in the elimination of impaired organelles, thus preserving fundamental cellular metabolic functions and various biological processes. Mitophagy, a targeted autophagic process that specifically focuses on mitochondria, is essential for sustaining cellular health and energy balance. Therefore, a deep comprehension of the operational mechanisms and implications of autophagy and mitophagy is vital for disease prevention and treatment. In this context, we examine the role of autophagy and mitophagy during hair follicle cycles, closely scrutinizing their potential association with hair loss. We also conduct a thorough review of the regulatory mechanisms behind autophagy and mitophagy, highlighting their interaction with hair follicle stem cells and dermal papilla cells. In conclusion, we investigate the potential of manipulating autophagy and mitophagy pathways to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Kang JI, Choi YK, Han SC, Kim HG, Hong SW, Kim J, Kim JH, Hyun JW, Yoo ES, Kang HK. Limonin, a Component of Immature Citrus Fruits, Activates Anagen Signaling in Dermal Papilla Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245358. [PMID: 36558517 PMCID: PMC9787355 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss remains a significant problem that is difficult to treat; therefore, there is a need to identify safe natural materials that can help patients with hair loss. We evaluated the hair anagen activation effects of limonin, which is abundant in immature citrus fruits. Limonin increased the proliferation of rat dermal papilla cells (rDPC) by changing the levels of cyclin D1 and p27, and increasing the number of BrdU-positive cells. Limonin increased autophagy by decreasing phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin levels and increasing the phospho-Raptor, ATG7 and LC3B. Limonin also activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by increasing phospho-β-catenin levels. XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, inhibited these limonin-induced changes, including induced autophagy, BrdU-positive cells, and cell proliferation. Limonin increased the phosphorylated AKT levels in both two-dimensional cultured rDPC and three-dimensional spheroids. Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin inhibited limonin-induced proliferation, and disrupted other limonin-mediated changes, including decreased p27, increased BrdU-positive cells, induced autophagy, and increased ATG7 and LC3B levels. Wortmannin also inhibited limonin-induced cyclin D1 and LC3 expression in spheroids. Collectively, these results indicate that limonin can enhance anagen signaling by activating autophagy via targeting the Wnt/β-catenin and/or PI3K/AKT pathways in rDPC, highlighting a candidate nutrient for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Choi
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3846; Fax: +82-64-702-2687
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Effect of Chimpi, dried citrus peel, on aquaporin-3 expression in HaCaT human epidermal keratinocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10175-10181. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Kim MJ, Mohamed EA, Kim DS, Park MJ, Ahn BJ, Jeung EB, An BS. Inhibitory effects and underlying mechanisms of Artemisia capillaris essential oil on melanogenesis in the B16F10 cell line. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:113. [PMID: 35137924 PMCID: PMC8845066 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-melanogenic activity of 10 essential oils using the B16F10 cell model. Initially, a wide range of concentrations of these essential oils were screened in order to determine their toxicity levels. The assigned non-toxic concentrations of the tested essential oils were then used to evaluate their effects on melanogenesis. The effects of the essential oils with potent anti-melanogenic activity on cell proliferation, protection against H2O2-induced cell death and the expression of certain melanogenesis-related genes, including MITF, tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 were also evaluated. The results revealed that the essential oils extracted from Citrus unshiu, Juniperus chinensis L., Zanthoxylum piperitum and Artemisia capillaris (A. capillaris) inhibited melanogenesis. However, among these four extracts, only A. capillaris extract enhanced cell proliferation, exhibited anti-H2O2 activities and decreased the expression level of TRP-1. It was demonstrated that A. capillaris extract inhibited melanin synthesis via the downregulation of the TRP-1 translational level. These essential oil extracts, particularly that of A. capillaris, may thus be used as natural anti-melanogenic agents for therapeutic purposes and in the cosmetic industry for skin whitening effects with beneficial proliferative properties. However, further studies using in vivo models are required to validate these findings and to examine the effects of these extracts on various molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Elsayed A Mohamed
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Park
- Division of Forest Industrial Materials, Department of Forest Products and Industry, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Jun Ahn
- Division of Forest Industrial Materials, Department of Forest Products and Industry, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam‑do 50463, Republic of Korea
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Oh JH, Kim SH, Kwon OK, Kim JH, Oh SR, Han SB, Park JW, Ahn KS. Purpurin suppresses atopic dermatitis via TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced inflammation in HaCaT cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221111135. [PMID: 35794850 PMCID: PMC9274433 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether purpurin inhibits various pathways of inflammation leading to atopic dermatitis. INTRODUCTION 1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone, commonly called purpurin, is an anthraquinone that is a naturally occurring red/yellow dye. Purpurin is a highly antioxidative anthraquinone and previous studies have reported antibacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation activities in cells and animals. However, the skin inflammatory inhibition activity mechanism study of purpurin has not been elucidated in vitro. METHODS In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of purpurin in HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines stimulated with a mixture of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The inhibitory effect of Purpurin on cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β) and chemokine (TARC, MDC, and RANTES) was confirmed by ELISA and RT-qPCR. We investigated each signaling pathway and the action of inhibitors through western blots. RESULTS The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were dose-dependently suppressed by purpurin treatment in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells from ELISA and real-time PCR. Purpurin also inhibited protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) activation in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. Additionally, there was a synergistic effect when purpurin and inhibitor were applied together, and inflammation was dramatically reduced. CONCLUSION Therefore, these results demonstrate that purpurin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic dermatitis activity in HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
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Hwang DH, Koh PO, Kang C, Kim E. Rosa davurica Pall. improves DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in mice and regulated TNF-Alpa/IFN-gamma-induced skin inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153708. [PMID: 34455178 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rosa davurica Pall., is mainly distributed in Korea, Japan, northeastern China, southeastern Siberia, and eastern Asia. It has been extensively used to treat various kinds of diseases by reason of the significant antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the pharmacological mechanism of Rosa davurica Pall. in atopic dermatitis (AD) is still ill defined and poorly understood. This study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects and its mechanism on AD of Rosa davurica Pall. leaves (RDL). METHODS To evaluate the therapeutic potential of RDL against AD, we have investigated the effects of RDL on the inflammatory reactions and the productions of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that were induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in HaCaT cells. Futhermore, we examined the effects of RDL on the signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). For the in-vivo studies, RDL extract was topically applied to the dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mice, then its therapeutic effect was evaluated physiologically and morphologically. RESULTS After the stimulation of HaCaT cells with TNF-α/IFN-γ, RDL considerably reduced the release of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), PEG2 and other cytokines. RDL also reduced the phosphorylations of MAPK and NF-κB in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. In vivo topical application of RDL to DNCB-induced AD mice significantly reduced the dorsal skin and ear thickness, clinical dermatitis severity, and mast cells. Treatment with RDL also markedly decreased the levels of serum IgE, IL-6 and the number of WBCs in the blood. CONCLUSION Our studies indicate that RDL inhibits the AD-like skin lesions by modulating skin inflammation. Consequently, these results suggest that RDL may be served as a possible alternative therapeutic treatment for skin disorder such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Changkeun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Euikyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani S, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Rafiei A, Golpour M, Hosseini-Khah Z, Akhtari J. Improvement of chemotherapy through reducing of cachexia by using Citrus unshiu peel extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:111929. [PMID: 31054317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now one the fourth cause of mortality and morbidity due to cancer throughout the globe. Cachexia is more prevalent in patients with this cancer and has a negative effect on response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 could play a key role in cachexia. Moreover strong chemotherapy medications such as doxorubicin have complications such as toxicity and cachexia. Citrus unshiu Peel have been used as traditional herbal drugs for the treatment of cancer in traditional oriental medicine (TOM). Since its main components have anti-inflammatory effects, we evaluated the anti-cachexia activity in order to support the traditional usage of Citrus unshiu peel. Aim of the study; We aimed to assess the preventive or therapeutic effect of Citrus unshiu Peel Extract (CUPE) on cachexia by reducing of inflammatory cytokines in mice bearing C26 tumor. Also the contribution role of CUPE has evaluated on improvement of chemotherapy through reducing of inflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods; The CUPE was prepared by Soxhlet extractor and quantitative and qualitative analysis of aqua extract was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). C26 tumor bearing BALB/c male mice were immunized with different formulation of oral Prophylactic-therapeutic CUPE and/or intraperitoneal doxorubicin and then were monitored for weight gain, food intake and tumor size throughout the study. On the 32nd day after tumor injection, inflammatory cytokines levels, IL6, TNF-α and IL-1β were evaluated by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Malondialdehyde- Thiobarbituric acid (MDA) levels were measured by standard method. Results; Oral administration of CUPE in both prophylactic and therapeutic formulation to C26 adenocarcinoma bearing mice reduced the weight loss, tumor volume, and serum MDA levels compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice and Doxorubicin (Dox) groups. Also, the combination therapy of (CUPE + Dox) leads to reducing the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and tumor volume compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice and Dox groups. Serum MDA levels were considerably reduced by combination therapy of (CUPE + Dox) compared with Dox groups. Conclusions; These findings confirm the safety and efficacy of CUPE on C26 adenocarcinoma bearing mice as pure and adjuvant therapy, the results of which might be used in further human studies as a valuable natural anticancer agent alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Also the results showed that simultaneous application of CUPE and Dox leads to significant reduction of cachexia from the Dox chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M A Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - A Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Molecular and Cell Biology Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - M Golpour
- Molecular and Cell Biology Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Z Hosseini-Khah
- Molecular and Cell Biology Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - J Akhtari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Piccolella S, Bianco A, Crescente G, Santillo A, Chieffi Baccari G, Pacifico S. Recovering Cucurbita pepo cv. 'Lungo Fiorentino' Wastes: UHPLC-HRMS/MS Metabolic Profile, the Basis for Establishing Their Nutra- and Cosmeceutical Valorisation. Molecules 2019; 24:E1479. [PMID: 30991700 PMCID: PMC6514934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-waste is produced throughout all the food supply chain, with a large part already achieved at farm level. In fact, fruits and vegetables, which do not satisfy aesthetic demands, cannot be marketed, but their recovery could favour their valorisation for the obtainment of highly qualified goods. In this context, faulty zucchini fruits (cultivar 'Lungo Fiorentino'), intended for disposal, were rescued as effective, inexpensive and bio-sustainable source for cosmeceutical purposes. Zucchini fruits underwent extraction and fractionation to obtain ZLF-O and ZLF-A extracts, which were chemically characterized by UHPLC-HRMS. ZLF-A extract, rich in flavonols and flavones, scavenged massively DPPH• and ABTS•+, and was not cytotoxic at doses up to 200 μ g/mL. Thus, ZLF-A was incorporated into a base cream formula. Zucchini-based emulsion was deeply screened for its antiradical properties and cytotoxicity towards human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. ZLF-A-enriched cream, whose chemical stability was assessed over time and mimicking different storage conditions, was further tested on reconstructed epidermis disks (EpiskinTM). The recovery of valuable chemical substances from zucchini agro-food waste, complying with the principles of valorisation and sustainable development, can represent a new market force for local farmers. Data acquired were eager to convey a suitable reuse of nutraceuticals rich zucchini waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bianco
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Crescente
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Santillo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Chieffi Baccari
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Yang JH, Lee E, Lee B, Cho WK, Ma JY, Park KI. Ethanolic Extracts of Artemisia apiacea Hance Improved Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions In Vivo and Suppressed TNF-Alpha/IFN-Gamma⁻Induced Proinflammatory Chemokine Production In Vitro. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070806. [PMID: 29932162 PMCID: PMC6073925 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia apiacea Hance is a traditional herbal medicine used for treating eczema and jaundice in Eastern Asia including China, Korea, and Japan. However, the biological and pharmacological actions of Artemisia apiacea Hance in atopic dermatitis (AD) are not fully understood. An ethanolic extract of Artemisia apiacea Hance (EAH) was tested in vitro and in vivo to investigate its anti-inflammatory activity and anti-atopic dermatitis effects. The results showed that EAH dose-dependence inhibited production of regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC). EAH inhibited the activation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and STAT-1 and suppressed the degradation of inhibited both nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha (IκB-α) in TNF-α/IFN-γ–stimulated HaCaT cells. EAH also suppressed the translocation of inflammation transcription factors such as NF-κB p65 in TNF-α/IFN-γ–stimulated HaCaT cells. In addition, EAH reduced 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced ear thickness and dorsal skin thickness in a dose-dependent manner. EAH appeared to regulate chemokine formation by inhibiting activation of and ERK as well as the NK-κB pathways. Furthermore, EAH significantly improved the skin p38 conditions in a DNCB-induced AD-like mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Esther Lee
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - BoHyoung Lee
- ViroMed Co., Ltd., Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Il Park
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
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12
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Park JW, Lee HS, Lim Y, Paik JH, Kwon OK, Kim JH, Paryanto I, Yunianto P, Choi S, Oh SR, Ahn KS. Rhododendron album Blume extract inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced chemokine production via blockade of NF-κB and JAK/STAT activation in human epidermal keratinocytes. Int J Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29532855 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhododendron album Blume (RA) has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine and is considered to have anti‑inflammatory properties. It is a well‑known medicine for treatment of allergic or atopic diseases. In the present study, the biological effects of an RA methanol extract (RAME) on inflammation were investigated in tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α)/interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ)‑stimulated human keratinocytes. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which RAME inhibited TNF‑α/IFN‑γ‑induced expression of chemokines [thymus‑ and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage‑derived chemokine (MDC)] and cytokines [interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑8] through the nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) pathway in human keratinocytes. The effects of RAME treatment on cell viability were investigated in TNF‑α/IFN‑γ‑stimulated HaCaT cells. The expression of TARC, MDC, IL‑6 and IL‑8 was assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis or ELISA, and its effect on the inhibitory mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was also studied using western blot analysis. TNF‑α/IFN‑γ induced the expression of IL‑6, IL‑8, TARC and MDC in a dose‑dependent manner through NF‑κB and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) activation. Notably, treatment with RAME significantly suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced expression of IL‑6, IL‑8, TARC, and MDC. In addition, RAME treatment inhibited the activation of NF‑κB and the JAK/STAT pathway in TNF‑α/IFN‑γ‑induced HaCaT cells. These results suggest that RAME decreases the production of chemokines and pro‑inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the NF‑κB and the JAK/STAT pathways. Consequently, RAME may potentially be used for treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yourim Lim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Imam Paryanto
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, LAPTIAB, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Prasetyawan Yunianto
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, LAPTIAB, Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Song YS, Pham TH, Bak Y, Lee HP, Hong JT, Yoon DY. (E)-2-Methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol attenuates PMA-induced inflammatory responses in human monocytic cells through PKCδ/JNK/AP-1 pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 825:19-27. [PMID: 29371085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
(E)-2-Methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP), a new (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2 - butenal derivative, reportedly has therapeutic effects such as anti-arthritic properties. Although previous studies showed that MMPP has anti-arthritic effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the anti-inflammation mechanism of MMPP remains unclear. In this study, phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was used as an inflammatory stimulus to evaluate the detailed mechanism of the MMPP-mediated anti-inflammatory effect in human monocytic THP-1 cells. We investigated the effects of MMPP on inflammation-related pathways including protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and activator protein-1 (AP-1). PMA induced the translocation of PKCs from the cytosol to the membrane and phosphorylated JNK. MMPP inhibited PMA-induced membrane translocation of PKCδ, phosphorylation of JNK, and nuclear translocation of AP-1, resulting in downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and chemokine ligand 5 production. These findings indicate that MMPP inhibits inflammatory responses in THP-1 cells by mitigating PMA-induced activation of PKCδ and JNK and nuclear translocation of AP-1. Therefore, MMPP may be useful as an anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Thu-Huyen Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Bathing Effects of Various Seawaters on Allergic (Atopic) Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Hairless Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26221169 PMCID: PMC4488017 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the preventive effects of four types of seawater collected in Republic of Korea on hairless mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene- (DNCB-) induced allergic/atopic dermatitis (AD). The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measuring tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukins (ILs). Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured to evaluate the antioxidant effects. Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were observed to measure the antiapoptotic effects; matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9 levels were also evaluated. Mice with AD had markedly higher clinical skin severity scores and scratching behaviors; higher TNF-α and ILs (1β, 10, 4, 5, and 13) levels; higher MDA, superoxide anion, caspase-3, PARP, and MMP-9 levels; and greater iNOS activity. However, the severity of AD was significantly decreased by bathing in seawaters, but it did not influence the dermal collagen depositions and skin tissue antioxidant defense systems. These results suggest that bathing in all four seawaters has protective effects against DNCB-induced AD through their favorable systemic and local immunomodulatory effects, active cytoprotective antiapoptotic effects, inhibitory effects of MMP activity and anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
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15
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Luteolin 8-C-β-fucopyranoside downregulates IL-6 expression by inhibiting MAPKs and the NF-κB signaling pathway in human monocytic cells. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:581-7. [PMID: 25933972 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been suggested that derivatives can improve the effects of original substances. Therefore, we made luteolin derivative luteolin 8-C-β-fucopyranoside (LU8C-FP) for better anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. In a previous study, we demonstrated that LU8C-FP inhibits invasion of human breast cancer cells via suppression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and IL-8, which play major roles in tumor progression and cancer cell invasion. Various stimuli trigger inflammatory responses by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in THP-1 cells. IL-6 induces inflammation via inducing various cytokines and appears to be a potential mediator of inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the precise mechanism by which LU8C-FP inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced IL-6 mRNA and protein expression. We showed LU8C-FP downregulated IL-6 expression by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinases and the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway in human monocytic cells. Furthermore, LU8C-FP exerts less cytotoxicity than luteolin and also it has specific inhibitory effect on IL-6 expression. However, luteolin has a variety of inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our in vitro studies may provide valuable information leading to the use of LU8C-FP to treat inflammatory diseases caused by IL-6.
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Kang GJ, Han SC, Kang NJ, Koo DH, Park DB, Eun SY, Kang HK, Yoo ES. Quercetagetin inhibits macrophage-derived chemokine in HaCaT human keratinocytes via the regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 and transforming growth factor-β1. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:512-23. [PMID: 24602010 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory chemokines, such as macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), are elevated in the serum and lesioned skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and are ligands for C-C chemokine receptor 4, which is predominantly expressed on T helper 2 lymphocytes, basophils and natural killer cells. We have previously reported that quercetagetin has an inhibitory activity on inflammatory chemokines, which is induced by interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, occurring via inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signal. OBJECTIVES To investigate the specific mechanisms of quercetagetin on the STAT1 signal. METHODS We confirmed the inhibitory activity of quercetagetin on MDC and STAT1 in HaCaT keratinocytes. The interaction between STAT1 and IFN-γR1 was investigated using immunoprecipitation. The small interfering RNA approach was used to investigate the role of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induced by quercetagetin. RESULTS Quercetagetin inhibited the expression of MDC at both the protein and mRNA levels in IFN-γ- and TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT human keratinocytes. Moreover, quercetagetin inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 through upregulation of SOCS1. Increased expression of SOCS1 disrupted the binding of STAT1 to IFN-γR1. Furthermore, quercetagetin augmented the expression of TGF-β1, which is known to modulate the immune response and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that quercetagetin may be a potent inhibitor of the STAT1 signal, which could be a new molecular target for anti-inflammatory treatment, and may thus have therapeutic applications as an immune modulator in inflammatory diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-J Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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17
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Sasaki K, Chiba S, Yoshizaki F. Effect of natural flavonoids, stilbenes and caffeic acid oligomers on protein glycation. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:628-632. [PMID: 25054001 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the inhibitory activity of natural flavonoids, stilbenes and caffeic acid oligomers on protein glycation. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity. The production of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by glycation reactions were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence, respectively. Certain flavonoids, stilbenes and caffeic acid oligomers prevented AGE production and the IC50 values of the compounds were compared. These examined compounds are assumed to suppress AGE generation by inhibiting the increase in 3-DG production through a specific unknown mechanism in the early phase of the Maillard reaction, by inhibiting the generation of active oxygen in the later phase and by suppressing the progression of the reaction. Regular, daily consumption of these compounds in the form of a food or extract is expected to aid in the prevention or inhibition of non-enzymatic amino acid glycation in the living body, which is possibly associated with aging, diabetic complications, arteriosclerotic diseases and Alzheimer's disease, and they may also be effective agents in cosmetics promoting anti-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenroh Sasaki
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Syuko Chiba
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
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Kang GJ, Kang NJ, Han SC, Koo DH, Kang HK, Yoo BS, Yoo ES. The Chloroform Fraction of Carpinus tschonoskii Leaves Inhibits the Production of Inflammatory Mediators in HaCaT Keratinocytes and RAW264.7 Macrophages. Toxicol Res 2013; 28:255-62. [PMID: 24278618 PMCID: PMC3834429 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2012.28.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the immune system’s response to infection and injury-related disorders, and is related to pro-inflammatory factors (NO, PGE2, cytokines, etc.) produced by inflammatory cells. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a representative inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by increasing serum levels of inflammatory chemokines, including macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). Carpinus tschonoskii is a member of the genus Carpinus. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of C. tschonoskii by studying the effects of various solvent fractions prepared from its leaves on inflammatory mediators in HaCaT and RAW264.7 cells. We found that the chloroform fraction of C. tschonoskii inhibited MDC at both the protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells, acting via the inhibition of STAT1 in the IFN-γ signaling pathway. In addition, the chloroform fraction significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide stimulation, except COX-2 and TNF-α. These results suggest that the chloroform fraction of C. tschonoskii leaves may include a component with potential anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeoung-Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Kang GJ, Han SC, Ock JW, Kang HK, Yoo ES. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Quercetagetin, an Active Component of Immature Citrus unshiu, in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:138-45. [PMID: 24009872 PMCID: PMC3762315 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruit contain various flavonoids that have multiple biological activities. However, the content of these flavonoids are changed during maturation and immature Citrus is known to contain larger amounts than mature. Chemokines are significant mediators for cell migration, while thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) are well known as the typical inflammatory chemokines in atopic dermatitis (AD), a pruritic and chronic inflammatory skin disease. We reported recently that the EtOH extract of immature Citrus unshiu inhibits TARC and MDC production. Therefore, we investigated the activity of flavonoids contained in immature Citrus on TARC and MDC levels. As a result, among the various flavonoids, quercetagetin has stronger inhibitory effects on the protein and mRNA expression of TARC and MDC than other flavonoids. Quercetagetin particularly has better activity on TARC and MDC level than quercetin. In HPLC analysis, the standard peak of quercetagetin matches the peaks of extract of immature C. unshiu. This suggests that quercetagetin is an anti-inflammatory component in immature C. unshiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeoung-Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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