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R. vesicarius L. exerts nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:225. [PMID: 34481509 PMCID: PMC8417970 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin is an outstanding anticancer drug, but its use has been decreased remarkably due to sever nephrotoxicity. R. vesicarius L. is a leafy vegetable that is evident with anti-angeogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective potential. Therefore, this study was designed to inspect its methanol extract (RVE) for possible nephroprotective effect. Methods Primarily, in vitro antioxidant activity of RVE was confirmed based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging aptitude. Thereafter, Swiss Albino male mice were treated with cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg) for 5 successive days to induce nephrotoxicity. Recovery from nephrotoxicity was scrutinized by treating the animals with RVE (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for the next 5 consecutive days. After completion of treatment, mice were sacrificed and kidneys were collected. Part of it was homogenized in sodium phosphate buffer for evaluating malondialdehyde (MDA) level, another part was used to evaluate gene (NQO1, p53, and Bcl-2) expression. Moreover, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) neutralizing capacity of RVE was evaluated in HK-2 cells in vitro. Finally, bioactive phytochemicals in RVE were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results RVE showed in vitro antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent fashion with 37.39 ± 1.89 μg/mL IC50 value. Treatment with RVE remarkably (p < 0.05) decreased MDA content in kidney tissue. Besides, the expression of NQO, p53, and Bcl-2 genes was significantly (p < 0.05) mitigated in a dose-dependent manner due to the administration of RVE. RVE significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the H2O2 level in HK-2 cells to almost normal. From GC-MS, ten compounds including three known antioxidants “4H-Pyran-4-one, 2, 3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-”, “Hexadecanoic acid”, and “Squalene” were detected. The extract was rich with an alkaloid “13-Docosenamide”. Conclusion Overall, RVE possesses a protective effect against cisplatin-induced kidney damage.
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Li Y, Chen Y, Huang X, Huang D, Gan H, Yao N, Hu Z, Li R, Zhan X, Xie K, Jiang J, Cai D. Tanshinol A Ameliorates Triton-1339W-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Liver Injury in C57BL/6J Mice by Regulating mRNA Expression of Lipemic-Oxidative Injury Genes. Lipids 2020; 55:127-140. [PMID: 32058595 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinol A, which is derived from a traditional Chinese herbal Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is indicative of a hypolipidemic candidate. Therefore, we aim to validate its hypolipidemic activity of tanshinol A and explore its mechanism in triton-1339W-induced hyperlipidemic mice model, which possess multiply pathogenesis for endogenous lipid metabolism disorder. Experimental hyperlipidemia mice are treated with or without tanshinol A (i.g. 40, 20, 10 mg/kg), and blood and liver tissue were collected for validating its hypolipidemic and hepatic protective effect, and hepatic mRNA expression profile, which was associated with lipid metabolism dysfunction and liver injury, was detected by RT-qPCR. As results show, triton-1339W-induced abnormal of serum TC, TAG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SOD, MDA, GOT, and GPT is remarkably attenuated by tanshinol A. In pathological experiment, triton-1339W-induced hepatocellular ballooning degeneration, irregular central vein congestion, and inflammation infiltration are alleviated by tanshinol A. Correspondingly, hepatic mRNA expression of Atf4, Fgf21, Vldlr, Nqo1, Pdk4, and Angptl4, which are genes regulating lipemic-oxidative injury, are significantly increased by tanshinol A by 2~6 fold. Abcg5, Cd36, and Apob, which are responsible for cholesterol metabolism, are mildly upregulated. Noticeably, triton-1339W-suppressed expressions of Ptgs2/Il10, which are genes responsible for acute inflammation resolution in liver injury, are remarkably increased by tanshinol A. Conclusively, tanshinol A exerted hypolipidemic effect and hepatoprotective effect through restoring triton-1339W-suppressed mRNA expression, which may be involved in Atf4/Fgf21/Vldlr and Ptgs2/Il-10 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Xuejun Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Dane Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Haining Gan
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Ruyue Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Xinyi Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Kaifeng Xie
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jieyi Jiang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Dake Cai
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
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Liu G, Zhao Z, Shen M, Zhao X, Xie J, He X, Li C. A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Saururus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:47-76. [PMID: 31964158 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Saururus, belonging to Saururaceae, contains two species, S. cernuus L. and S. chinensis (Lour) Baill. with common utilization in traditional medicine from Asia to North America for the treatment of edema, beriberi, jaundice, leucorrhea, urinary tract infections, hypertension, hepatitis diseases, and tumors. An extensive review of literature was made on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and ethnopharmacology of Saururus using ethno-botanical books, published articles, and electronic databases. The 147 of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from S. cernuus and S. chinensis, and lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, and phenols are the major constituents. Various pharmacological investigations in many in vitro and in vivo models have revealed the potential of the genus Saururus with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, antimelanogenic, lipid-lowering, and bone protective activities, supporting the rationale behind numerous of its traditional uses. Due to the noteworthy pharmacological properties, Saururus can be a better option for new drug discovery. Data regarding many aspects of this plant such as toxicology, pharmacokinetics, quality-control measures, and the clinical value of the active compounds is still limited which call for additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Meilun Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xirui He
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Nanguo Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource, Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
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Hamadneh LA, Sabbah DA, Hikmat SJ, Al-Samad LA, Hasan M, Al-Qirim TM, Hamadneh IM, Al-Dujaili AH. Hypolipidemic effect of novel 2,5-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole as potential peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-α agonist in acute hyperlipidemic rat model. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:39-47. [PMID: 30905023 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of new antihyperlipidemic agents with higher potency and lower side effects is of high priority. In this study, 1,3,4 thiadiazole Schiff base derivatives were synthesized as potential peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonists and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy and then tested for their hypolipidemic activity in Triton WR-1339-induced acute hyperlipidemic rat model in comparison with bezafibrate. The compounds showed significant hypolipidemic activity. Induced fit docking showed that the compounds are potential activators of PPARα with binding scores - 8.00 Kcal/mol for 2,5-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole. PCR array analysis showed an increase in the expression of several genes involved in lipid metabolism through mitochondrial fatty acid β oxidation and are part of PPARα signaling pathway including Acsm3, Fabp4 and Hmgcs1. Gene expression of Lrp12 and Lrp1b involved in LDL uptake by liver cells and Cyp7a1 involved in cholesterol catabolism were also found to be upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama A Hamadneh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Dima A Sabbah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suhair J Hikmat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Luma A Al-Samad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mariam Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tariq M Al-Qirim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Imad M Hamadneh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ammar H Al-Dujaili
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Son YR, Choi EH, Kim GT, Park TS, Shim SM. Bioefficacy of Graviola leaf extracts in scavenging free radicals and upregulating antioxidant genes. Food Funct 2016; 7:861-71. [PMID: 26674326 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine bioactive components of Graviola leaf extracts and to examine the radical scavenging capacity, gene expression and transcription factors of antioxidant enzymes. Rutin, kaempferol-rutinoside, and vitamin U were identified from the steaming and 50% EtOH extracts of Graviola leaves. Graviola leaf extracts effectively scavenged peroxy and nitrogen radicals. 50% EtOH of Graviola leaves provided a 1-2.9 times higher trolox equivalent than the steaming extract. It also had a higher VCEAC. Graviola leaf extracts reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% EtOH extract of Graviola leaves upregulated SOD1 and Nrf2, but catalase and HMOX1 were not altered by the 50% EtOH extract of Graviola leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ra Son
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Hye Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Bokjung-dong, Sujung-gu, Sungnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Bokjung-dong, Sujung-gu, Sungnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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Son YR, Park TS, Shim SM. Pharmacokinetics and Plasma Cellular Antioxidative Effects of Flavanols After Oral Intake of Green Tea Formulated with Vitamin C and Xylitol in Healthy Subjects. J Med Food 2016; 19:211-7. [PMID: 26854847 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test whether green tea formulated with vitamin C and xylitol (GTVX) could improve absorption of flavanols and total antioxidant activity (TAC) of plasma compared with green tea only (GT) in healthy subjects. The total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter method was used to measure the TAC of plasma. Cmax, Tmax, and area under the curve (AUC) of flavanols in plasma after consumption of GTVX were 5980.58 μg/mL, 2.14 h, and 18,915.56 h·μg/mL, respectively, indicating that GTVX showed significantly higher AUC than GT (13,855.43 μg/mL). The peak TACs occurred at 3 and 0.5 h after intake of GT and GTVX, respectively. The TAC of plasma was found to be significantly higher in GTVX than in GT at each time point. This study suggests that formulating green tea with vitamin C and xylitol could increase the absorption of flavanols in green tea, enhancing cellular antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ra Son
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- 2 Department of Life Science, Gachon University , Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University , Seoul, Korea
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Hong M, Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Tsao SW, Feng Y. Current Status of Herbal Medicines in Chronic Liver Disease Therapy: The Biological Effects, Molecular Targets and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28705-45. [PMID: 26633388 PMCID: PMC4691073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver dysfunction or injury is a serious health problem worldwide. Chronic liver disease involves a wide range of liver pathologies that include fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficiency of current synthetic agents in treating chronic liver disease is not satisfactory and they have undesirable side effects. Thereby, numerous medicinal herbs and phytochemicals have been investigated as complementary and alternative treatments for chronic liver diseases. Since some herbal products have already been used for the management of liver diseases in some countries or regions, a systematic review on these herbal medicines for chronic liver disease is urgently needed. Herein, we conducted a review describing the potential role, pharmacological studies and molecular mechanisms of several commonly used medicinal herbs and phytochemicals for chronic liver diseases treatment. Their potential toxicity and side effects were also discussed. Several herbal formulae and their biological effects in chronic liver disease treatment as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms are also summarized in this paper. This review article is a comprehensive and systematic analysis of our current knowledge of the conventional medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in treating chronic liver diseases and on the potential pitfalls which need to be addressed in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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