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Kim YJ, Kim HY, Lee JD, Kim HY, Im JE, Kim KB. Analytical method development and dermal absorption of gallic acid, a hair dye ingredient. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:449-456. [PMID: 38911539 PMCID: PMC11187048 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-024-00230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic compound known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. GA is used as a hair dye ingredient. It is limited to be below 4.0% in Korea. Dermal absorption rate of GA has not been reported yet. In this study, an analytical method for GA was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in various matrices of swab, stratum corneum (SC), skin (dermis + epidermis), and receptor fluid (RF). HPLC analysis showed acceptable linearity (r2 = 0.999-0.9998), accuracy (90.3-112.8%), and precision (0.7-13.6%) in accordance with validation guidelines by Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). The dermal absorption rate of GA was determined using Franz diffuse cells. GA (4.0%) was applied to mini pig skin of 10 μl/cm2. After 30 min application, the GA was wiped out and receptor fluid sampling was continued until 24 h. After 24 h, skin was wiped off with swab and SC was collected using tape stripping. All samples were extracted with ethanol and analyzed using the validated method. The total dermal absorption rate of GA was determined to be 2.6 ± 1.3% (24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Jueng-Eun Im
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
- Cosmetics Evaluation Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
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Ashara KC, Shah KV. Elementary of animal model for percutaneous and ocular penetration. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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