Impact of exercise on physical health status in bladder cancer patients

Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research

In recent years, accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies consistently indicated that physical activity/exercise plays a crucial role in reducing the incidence and recurrence of various malignancies, by exerting a beneficial modulation of cancer hallmarks. Moreover, physical activity is suggested to attenuate certain adverse effects of anticancer therapy, including the reduction of cardiovascular toxicity and symptoms related to depression and anxiety, among others, while preserving muscular strength. In the case of melanoma, the relationship with physical activity has been critically debated. Historically, several cohort studies and meta-analyses reported a positive association between physical activity/exercise and melanoma risk. This association was primarily attributed to outdoor activities that may expose the skin to UV radiation, a well-known risk factor for melanocyte transformation. However, more recent evidence does not support such association and recognizes physical activity/exercise role in both melanoma prevention and progression. Nevertheless, sun protection is recommended during outdoor training to minimize UV radiation exposure. This narrative review summarizes preclinical and clinical data about physical activity effects on melanoma hallmarks. Specifically, experimental evidence is reported concerning (i) invasion and metastasis, (ii) reprogramming of energy metabolism, (iii) angiogenesis, (iv) resistance to cell death, (v) evasion from immune destruction, and (vi) tumor-promoting inflammation.

Effects of a Physical Exercise Programme through Service-Learning Methodology on Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Perception of Physical Fitness and Health in University Students from Spain: A Preliminary Study

The practice of physical activity has been reported on countless occasions for the benefits it has on people's holistic health. However, today's society has high levels of inactivity and sedentary lifestyles, which highlights the importance of promoting active and healthy states in the population. As a mechanism to improve body composition, physical condition and perceived values of one's own physical condition and health status, the implementation of a strength training programme in the university community was proposed using a methodology based on Service-Learning. The participants were 12 students as coaches and 57 students from different university degrees as coachees (17 boys and 40 girls); the ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 33 years (M = 22.00; SD = 2.96). The variables of body composition, physical fitness, physical activity level and perception of fitness and health were assessed. Differences between pre- and post-intervention results were analysed using the Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test for ordinal self-perception variables. The results showed significant improvements in all the variables evaluated after the intervention. In conclusion, we would like to highlight the benefits of physical activity and the need to continue implementing action and intervention plans to encourage and promote its practice in all sectors of the population.