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Shin JJ, Park J, Shin HS, Arab I, Suk K, Lee WH. Roles of lncRNAs in NF-κB-Mediated Macrophage Inflammation and Their Implications in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2670. [PMID: 38473915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, molecular biology's focus has transitioned from proteins to DNA, and now to RNA. Once considered merely a genetic information carrier, RNA is now recognized as both a vital element in early cellular life and a regulator in complex organisms. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are over 200 bases long but do not code for proteins, play roles in gene expression regulation and signal transduction by inducing epigenetic changes or interacting with various proteins and RNAs. These interactions exhibit a range of functions in various cell types, including macrophages. Notably, some macrophage lncRNAs influence the activation of NF-κB, a crucial transcription factor governing immune and inflammatory responses. Macrophage NF-κB is instrumental in the progression of various pathological conditions including sepsis, atherosclerosis, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and hypersensitivity. It orchestrates gene expression related to immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and proliferation. Consequently, its malfunction is a key contributor to the onset and development of these diseases. This review aims to summarize the function of lncRNAs in regulating NF-κB activity in macrophage activation and inflammation, with a particular emphasis on their relevance to human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets. The insights gained from studies on macrophage lncRNAs, as discussed in this review, could provide valuable knowledge for the development of treatments for various pathological conditions involving macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Shin
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkwang Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Seob Shin
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Imene Arab
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Shin HS, Shin JJ, Park J, Arab I, Suk K, Lee WH. Role of Macrophage lncRNAs in Mediating Inflammatory Processes in Atherosclerosis and Sepsis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1905. [PMID: 37509544 PMCID: PMC10377468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are molecules >200 bases in length without protein-coding functions implicated in signal transduction and gene expression regulation via interaction with proteins or RNAs, exhibiting various functions. The expression of lncRNAs has been detected in many cell types, including macrophages, a type of immune cell involved in acute and chronic inflammation, removal of dead or damaged cells, and tissue repair. Increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs play essential roles in macrophage functions and disease development. Additionally, many animal studies have reported that blockage or modulation of lncRNA functions alleviates disease severity or morbidity rate. The present review summarizes the current knowledge regarding lncRNAs expressed in macrophages, focusing on their molecular targets and the biological processes regulated by them during the development of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and sepsis. Possible application of this information to lncRNA-targeting therapy is also discussed. The studies regarding macrophage lncRNAs described in this review can help provide valuable information for developing treatments for various pathological conditions involving macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeung-Seob Shin
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Shin
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkwang Park
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Imene Arab
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Q, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang T, Cui C, Wang H, Li L, Zhong W, Jiang J, Dong K, Chen S, Jin C, Hu P. Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Kukoamine B in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-Dose Phase I Study. Adv Ther 2023; 40:3186-3198. [PMID: 37233875 PMCID: PMC10271881 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kukoamine B (KB) is a novel sepsis therapeutic drug targeting lipopolysaccharide and CpG DNA. This study aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of multiple doses of KB in healthy volunteers. METHODS Healthy volunteers were randomized at a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive multiple intravenous infusion doses of KB 0.06 mg/kg, 0.12 mg/kg, 0.24 mg/kg or placebo (administered every 8 h per day) for 7 days and subsequently followed up for another 7 days at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Primary endpoints were adverse events (AEs), and the secondary endpoints were PK parameters of the first administration and the last administration. RESULTS Data of the 18 health volunteers in KB groups and 6 in the placebo group were pooled and analyzed. AEs occurred in 12 (66.67%) volunteers in the KB groups and 4 (66.67%) volunteers in the placebo group. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 8 (44.44%) volunteers in the KB groups and 2 (33.33%) volunteers in the placebo group. Hypertriglyceridemia (4 [22.22%] vs. 2 [33.33%]) and sinus bradycardia (3 [16.67%] vs. 0) were the most common AEs. The mean elimination half-life, clearance, and distribution volume of KB were 3.40-4.88 h, 9.35-13.49 L/h, and 45.74-101.90 L, respectively. The average accumulation ratios of area under the plasma concentration-time curve and maximum plasma concentration were 1.06 and 1.02, respectively. CONCLUSION Single and multiple intravenous infusions of KB at a dose range of 0.06-0.24 mg/kg are safe and tolerable in healthy volunteers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02690961.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongzhong Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhenlei Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lili Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ji Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Clinical Research Center for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Clinical Research Center for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Chunyan Jin
- Clinical Research Center for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Linking Truth Technology, 11F North Tower, Building B, Huatong Plaza, No. 19 Chegongzhuang Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Salehi M, Rezazade-Moayed F, Khalili H, Hemati H, Aghdami N, Dashtkoohi M, Dashtkoohi M, Beig-Mohammadi MT, Ramezani M, Hajiabdolbaghi M, Fattah-Ghazi S. Safety of megadose meropenem in the empirical treatment of nosocomial sepsis: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:335-342. [PMID: 37140270 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the safety of megadose meropenem as empirical treatment of nosocomial sepsis. Materials & methods: Critically ill patients diagnosed with sepsis received either high-dose (2 g every 8 h) or megadose (4 g every 8 h) meropenem as an intravenous infusion over 3 h. Results: A total of 23 patients with nosocomial sepsis were eligible and included in the megadose (n = 11) or high-dose (n = 12) group. No treatment-related adverse events were observed during a 14-day follow-up. Clinical response was also comparable between the groups. Conclusion: Megadose meropenem may be considered for empirical treatment of nosocomial sepsis without serious concern regarding its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Salehi
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Rezazade-Moayed
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khalili
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hemati
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadese Dashtkoohi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dashtkoohi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Ramezani
- Critical Care Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Hajiabdolbaghi
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samrand Fattah-Ghazi
- Critical Care Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Exploring the Muscle Metabolomics in the Mouse Model of Sepsis-Induced Acquired Weakness. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6908488. [PMID: 36016684 PMCID: PMC9398772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6908488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim We aimed to identify the differentially expressing metabolites (DEMs) in the muscles of the mouse model of sepsis-induced acquired weakness (sepsis-AW) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Materials and Methods Sepsis by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) with lower limb immobilization was used to produce a sepsis-AW model. After this, the grip strength of the C57BL/6 male mice was investigated. The transmission electron microscopy was utilized to determine the pathological model. LC-MS was used to detect the metabolic profiles within the mouse muscles. Additionally, a statistically diversified analysis was carried out. Results Compared to the sepsis group, 30 DEMs, including 17 upregulated and 13 down-regulated metabolites, were found in the sepsis-AW group. The enriched metabolic pathways including purine metabolism, valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis, cGMP-PKG pathway, mTOR pathway, FoxO pathway, and PI3K-Akt pathway were found to differ between the two groups. The targeted metabolomics analysis explored significant differences between four amino acid metabolites (leucine, cysteine, tyrosine, and serine) and two energy metabolites (AMP and cAMP) in the muscles of the sepsis-AW experimental model group, which was comparable to the sepsis group. Conclusion The present work identified DEMs and metabolism-related pathways within the muscles of the sepsis-AW mice, which offered valuable experimental data for diagnosis and identification of the pathogenic mechanism underlying sepsis-AW.
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Several Alkaloids in Chinese Herbal Medicine Exert Protection in Acute Kidney Injury: Focus on Mechanism and Target Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2427802. [PMID: 35602100 PMCID: PMC9122709 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2427802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a loose set of kidney diseases accompanied by a variety of syndromes, which is a serious threat to human life and health. Some alkaloids are derived from various Chinese herbs have been widely concerned in the improvement of AKI. This review provides the research progress of alkaloids in AKI experimental models and discusses the related molecular mechanisms. Key Findings. Alkaloids can protect AKI through various mechanisms including antioxidant stress, improvement of mitochondrial damage, reduction of cell death, induction of autophagy, and inhibition of inflammation. These mechanisms are mainly related to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, inhibition of ferroptosis and apoptosis, regulation of PINK1/Parkin pathway, inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammatory bodies, upregulation of Klotho protein level and so on. In addition, there are a few alkaloids that have certain toxicity on the kidney. Conclusion Alkaloids have been shown to significantly improve AKI, but only in pharmacological studies. This paper summarizes the main experimental models currently used in AKI research and describes some representative alkaloids based on recent research. Their potential roles in the prevention and treatment of AKI through different mechanisms are highlighted.
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Rosales-Corral S, de Campos Zuccari DAP, de Almeida Chuffa LG. Melatonin: A mitochondrial resident with a diverse skill set. Life Sci 2022; 301:120612. [PMID: 35523285 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an ancient molecule that originated in bacteria. When these prokaryotes were phagocytized by early eukaryotes, they eventually developed into mitochondria and chloroplasts. These new organelles retained the melatonin synthetic capacity of their forerunners such that all present-day animal and plant cells may produce melatonin in their mitochondria and chloroplasts. Melatonin concentrations are higher in mitochondria than in other subcellular compartments. Isolated mouse oocyte mitochondria form melatonin when they are incubated with serotonin, a necessary precursor. Oocyte mitochondria subsequently give rise to these organelles in all adult vertebrate cells where they continue to synthesize melatonin. The enzymes that convert serotonin to melatonin, i.e., arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase, have been identified in brain mitochondria which, when incubated with serotonin, also form melatonin. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and anti-cancer agent and is optimally positioned in mitochondria to aid in the maintenance of oxidative homeostasis and to reduce cancer cell transformation. Melatonin stimulates the transfer of mitochondria from healthy cells to damaged cells via tunneling nanotubes. Melatonin also regulates the major NAD+-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 3, in the mitochondria. Disruptions of mitochondrial melatonin synthesis may contribute to a number of mitochondria-related diseases, as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco CP45150, Mexico
| | | | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
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