Near-fatal Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, shock and complicated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation: A case report

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage: A Rare Life-Threatening Cause of Massive Hemoptysis

We present a case report of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), which presented with massive hemoptysis and impending airway compromise. A previously healthy 33-year-old female presented to the emergency department with dyspnea, chest pain, and massive hemoptysis. Due to impending respiratory failure, the patient was placed on mechanical ventilation and a bronchoscopy revealed a diagnosis of DAH. Throughout the hospital course, the patient received antibiotics, steroids, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate, tranexamic acid (TXA), and multiple blood transfusions. The patient was subsequently placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), but despite these life-saving measures, the patient died less than 48 hours after her initial presentation. This case serves as a harrowing reminder of DAH's destructive capabilities and the importance of rapid, aggressive management.