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Sonbol HM, Metwally El-Sayed M, Taha SM, Abdelwahab Khedr M, El-Ashry AM, Abd Elhay ES. Effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of cognitive behavioural therapy in improving resilience, self-esteem and spirituality among clients with opioid use disorder: A quasi-experimental study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39099304 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a prevalent problem among Egyptian youth, and achieving recovery and abstinence is challenging. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), a well-known approach, can be particularly beneficial when it addresses psychological aspects such as resilience and self-esteem. WHAT DOES THE PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Our research is recognized as a trailblazer in integrating a spiritual adaptation of CBT with spiritual elements for treating patients with OUD in the Egyptian context. This innovative approach marks a significant advancement in the field. The study found a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality (p < .001 each) following the spiritual adaptation of CBT sessions compared to the control group. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The findings can guide psychiatrists and nurses in providing more comprehensive and effective care to patients with OUD by incorporating a spiritual adaptation of CBT with spiritual components into treatment plans. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a prevalent problem among Egyptian youth, and achieving recovery and abstinence is challenging. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), a well-known approach, can be particularly beneficial when it addresses psychological aspects such as resilience, self-esteem and spirituality. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of CBT in enhancing these factors among clients with OUD. METHODS A quasi-experimental study with a control group was conducted using a pretest-posttest design. The study included 49 clients with OUD and 46 clients in the control group. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale-Modified Arabic Version, Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used as measurement tools. CBT was delivered in 60-min group sessions. After 3 months, the questionnaires were re-administered to evaluate the effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of CBT sessions. RESULTS The study found a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of resilience, self-esteem and spirituality (p < .001 each) following a spiritual adaptation of CBT sessions compared to the control group. DISCUSSION A spiritual adaptation of CBT effectively enhanced resilience, self-esteem and spirituality in clients with OUD. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Understanding the effectiveness of a spiritual adaptation of CBT in enhancing resilience, self-esteem and spirituality can enable psychiatrists and nurses to provide more comprehensive and effective care to patients with OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Metwally El-Sayed
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samah Mohamed Taha
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelwahab Khedr
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Hafr Albatin University, Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Lecturer of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Sameh Abd Elhay
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Reguilón MD, Manzanedo C, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Stress inoculation during adolescence attenuates social stress-induced increase in ethanol intake in adult male mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 246:109838. [PMID: 38199295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Social stress exposure heightens the risk of substance abuse disorder development, especially when endured during adolescence, influencing long-term mental health. This study investigates early-life stress's potential to confer resilience against later-life stressors. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the impact of a single social defeat (SD) incident during adolescent mice's lives on subsequent voluntary ethanol consumption following repeated adult social stress exposure. Half of the adolescent mice experienced SD at postnatal day 28. Three weeks later (postnatal day 49), defeated groups encountered four confrontations with aggressive residents every 72 h, while control groups were exposed to non-resident exploration. A day after the last SD, defeated mice were classified as resilient or susceptible based on their response to a social interaction test (SIT), a model for depressive behavior. To assess ethanol consumption during young adulthood, researchers used the 'drinking in the dark' and oral ethanol self-administration paradigms. Stress inoculation (IS) slightly increased resilient animals in the SIT. In mice without IS exposure during adolescence, susceptible defeated mice displayed higher ethanol consumption and motivation than control and resilient mice. IS in adolescence effectively counteracted this effect, as IS-SD groups, whether resilient or susceptible, showed no increase in ethanol intake. These groups also exhibited similar motivation to control, measured by the progressive ratio. Notably, elevated IL-6 levels seen in SD-S mice were absent in IS-exposed mice. Additionally, IS-exposed groups had lower prefrontal cortex IL-6 and CX3CL1 levels. These findings support the hypothesis that IS, induced by moderate-intensity stress during adolescence, can enhance resilience to more severe stressors in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Reguilón
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Manzanedo
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Martínez-Caballero MÁ, Calpe-López C, García-Pardo MP, Arenas MC, de la Rubia Ortí JE, Bayona-Babiloni R, Aguilar MA. Behavioural traits related with resilience or vulnerability to the development of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference after exposure of female mice to vicarious social defeat. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110912. [PMID: 38097163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stress induced by intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases vulnerability to the development of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) among male mice; however, some defeated mice are resilient to these effects of stress. In the present study we evaluated the effects of vicarious IRSD (VIRSD) in female mice and explored behavioural traits that are potentially predictive of resilience. C57BL/6 female mice (n = 28) were exposed to VIRSD, which consisted of the animals witnessing a short experience of social defeat by a male mouse on postnatal day (PND) 47, 50, 53 and 56. The control group (n = 10) was not exposed to stress. Blood samples were collected on PND 47 and 56 for corticosterone and interleukin-6 determinations. On PND 57-58, female mice performed several behavioural tests (elevated plus maze, hole-board, object recognition, social interaction, TST and splash tests). Three weeks later, the effects of cocaine (1.5 mg/kg) on the CPP paradigm were assessed. VIRSD decreased corticosterone levels (on PND 56), increased interleukin-6 levels, enhanced novelty-seeking, improved recognition memory and induced anxiety- and depression-like symptoms. Control and VIRSD female mice did not acquire CPP, although some stressed individuals with certain behavioural traits - including a high novelty-seeking profile or the development of depression-like behaviour in the splash test shortly after VIRSD - acquired cocaine CPP. Our results confirm that some behavioural traits of female mice are associated with vulnerability or resilience to the long-term effects of social stress on cocaine reward, as previously observed in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ángeles Martínez-Caballero
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Calpe-López
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar García-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | | | | | - Raquel Bayona-Babiloni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Asunción Aguilar
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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McLoughlin A. Why do people use drugs? A neglected question. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:329-333. [PMID: 37314679 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to revisit the multivariate causes of drug use. From the initial drive to experiment, to a progression towards dependence, this review endeavours to extrapolate the aetiology of causation. In doing so, prevalence of, and attitudes towards drug use are firstly examined. Influences on why people use illicit drugs are subsequently explored through the lens of established risk factors. Drug use and dependence are embedded within a complex interplay of invidual, genetic, cultural, and socio-economic components. By exploring the aetiology of drug use in a holistic sense, this will not only aid the therapeutic quality of intervention from clinicians, but enable the development of more comprehensive and tailored intervention plans in supporting recovery.
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Pickering G, Noah L, Pereira B, Goubayon J, Leray V, Touron A, Macian N, Bernard L, Dualé C, Roux V, Chassain C. Assessing brain function in stressed healthy individuals following the use of a combination of green tea, Rhodiola, magnesium, and B vitamins: an fMRI study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1211321. [PMID: 37662591 PMCID: PMC10469327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1211321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial assessed the effect of magnesium (Mg)-Teadiola (Mg, vitamins B6, B9, B12, Rhodiola, and green tea/L-theanine) versus placebo on the brain response to stressful thermal stimulus in chronically stressed, but otherwise healthy subjects. Impacts on stress-related quality-of-life parameters (depression, anxiety, sleep, and perception of pain) were also explored. Methods The study recruited a total of 40 adults (20 per group), suffering from stress for more than 1 month and scaling ≥14 points on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-42 questionnaire at the time of inclusion. Individuals received oral Mg-Teadiola or placebo for 28 days (D). fMRI analysis was used to visualize the interplay between stress and pain cerebral matrices, using thermal stress model, at baseline (D0) and after D28. Results Based on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal variations during the stress stimulation (before pain perception), a significantly increased activation between D0 and D28 was observed for left and right frontal area (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively), left and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (p = 0.035 and p = 0.04, respectively), and left and right insula (p = 0.034 and p = 0.0402, respectively) in Mg-Teadiola versus placebo group. During thermal pain stimulation, a significantly diminished activation of the pain matrix was observed between D0 and D28, for left and right prefrontal area (both p = 0.001), left and right insula (p = 0.008 and p = 0.019, respectively), and left and right ventral striatum (both p = 0.001) was observed in Mg-Teadiola versus placebo group. These results reinforce the clinical observations, showing a perceived benefit of Mg-Teadiola on several parameters. After 1 month of treatment, DASS-42 stress score significantly decreased in Mg-Teadiola group [effect size (ES) -0.46 (-0.91; -0.01), p = 0.048]. Similar reductions were observed on D14 (p = 0.011) and D56 (p = 0.008). Sensitivity to cold also improved from D0 to D28 for Mg-Teadiola versus placebo [ES 0.47 (0.02; 0.92) p = 0.042]. Conclusion Supplementation with Mg-Teadiola reduced stress on D28 in chronically stressed but otherwise healthy individuals and modulated the stress and pain cerebral matrices during stressful thermal stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisèle Pickering
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Pharmacology, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jonathan Goubayon
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Sanofi, Gentilly, France
| | - Vincent Leray
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ambre Touron
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Macian
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lise Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christian Dualé
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Pharmacology, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Veronique Roux
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carine Chassain
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Calpe-López C, Martínez-Caballero MÁ, García-Pardo MP, Aguilar MA. Resilience to the short- and long-term behavioral effects of intermittent repeated social defeat in adolescent male mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023:173574. [PMID: 37315696 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases the sensitivity of mice to the rewarding effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Some animals are resilient to this effect of IRSD, though research exploring this inconsistency in adolescent mice is scarce. Thus, our aim was to characterize the behavioral profile of mice exposed to IRSD during early adolescence and to explore a potential association with resilience to the short- and long-term effects of IRSD. METHODS Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to IRSD during early adolescence (PND 27, 30, 33 and 36), while another 10 male mice did not undergo stress (controls). Defeated mice and controls then carried out the following battery of behavioral tests; the Elevated Plus Maze, Hole-Board and Social Interaction Test on PND 37, and the Tail Suspension and Splash tests on PND 38. Three weeks later, all the mice were submitted to the CPP paradigm with a low dose of cocaine (1.5 mg/kg). RESULTS IRSD during early adolescence induced depressive-like behavior in the Social Interaction and Splash tests and increased the rewarding effects of cocaine. Mice with low levels of submissive behavior during episodes of defeat were resilient to the short- and long-term effects of IRSD. In addition, resilience to the short-term effects of IRSD on social interaction and grooming behavior predicted resilience to the long-term effects of IRSD on cocaine reward. CONCLUSION Our findings help to characterize the nature of resilience to the effects of social stress during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calpe-López
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behavior Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Martínez-Caballero
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behavior Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar García-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Maria Asunción Aguilar
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behavior Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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da Costa VF, Ramírez JCC, Ramírez SV, Avalo-Zuluaga JH, Baptista-de-Souza D, Canto-de-Souza L, Planeta CS, Rodríguez JLR, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Emotional- and cognitive-like responses induced by social defeat stress in male mice are modulated by the BNST, amygdala, and hippocampus. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1168640. [PMID: 37377628 PMCID: PMC10291097 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1168640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic exposure to social defeat stress (SDS) has been used to investigate the neurobiology of depressive- and anxiety-like responses and mnemonic processes. We hypothesized that these affective, emotional, and cognitive consequences induced by SDS are regulated via glutamatergic neurons located in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), amygdaloid complex, and hippocampus in mice. Methods Here, we investigated the influence of chronic SDS on (i) the avoidance behavior assessed in the social interaction test, (ii) the anxiety-like behavior (e.g., elevated plus-maze, and open field tests) (iii) depressive-like behaviors (e.g., coat state, sucrose splash, nesting building, and novel object exploration tests), (iv) the short-term memory (object recognition test), (v) ΔFosB, CaMKII as well as ΔFosB + CaMKII labeling in neurons located in the BNST, amygdaloid complex, dorsal (dHPC) and the ventral (vHPC) hippocampus. Results The main results showed that the exposure of mice to SDS (a) increased defensive and anxiety-like behaviors and led to memory impairment without eliciting clear depressive-like or anhedonic effects; (b) increased ΔFosB + CaMKII labeling in BNST and amygdala, suggesting that both areas are strongly involved in the modulation of this type of stress; and produced opposite effects on neuronal activation in the vHPC and dHPC, i.e., increasing and decreasing, respectively, ΔFosB labeling. The effects of SDS on the hippocampus suggest that the vHPC is likely related to the increase of defensive- and anxiety-related behaviors, whereas the dHPC seems to modulate the memory impairment. Discussion Present findings add to a growing body of evidence indicating the involvement of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the circuits that modulate emotional and cognitive consequences induced by social defeat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Fresca da Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar-UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Johana Caterin Caipa Ramírez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar-UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Stephany Viatela Ramírez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar-UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Julian Humberto Avalo-Zuluaga
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar-UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Daniela Baptista-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lucas Canto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra S. Planeta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar-UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar-UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
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Nikbakhtzadeh M, Ranjbar H, Moradbeygi K, Zahedi E, Bayat M, Soti M, Shabani M. Cross-talk between the HPA axis and addiction-related regions in stressful situations. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15525. [PMID: 37151697 PMCID: PMC10161713 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Addiction is a worldwide problem that has a negative impact on society by imposing significant costs on health care, public security, and the deactivation of the community economic cycle. Stress is an important risk factor in the development of addiction and relapse vulnerability. Here we review studies that have demonstrated the diverse roles of stress in addiction. Term searches were conducted manually in important reference journals as well as in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, between 2010 and 2022. In each section of this narrative review, an effort has been made to use pertinent sources. First, we will provide an overview of changes in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis component following stress, which impact reward-related regions including the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Then we will focus on internal factors altered by stress and their effects on drug addiction vulnerability. We conclude that alterations in neuro-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and neurotransmitter factors following stress pathways can impact related mechanisms on craving and relapse susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Ranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Center of Kerman, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Elham Zahedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Monavareh Soti
- Neuroscience Research Center of Kerman, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
- Corresponding author. Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Postal Code: 76198-13159, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center of Kerman, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
- Corresponding author. Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Postal Code: 76198-13159, Iran.
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Calpe-López C, Martínez-Caballero MA, García-Pardo MP, Aguilar MA. Intermittent voluntary wheel running promotes resilience to the negative consequences of repeated social defeat in mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113916. [PMID: 35850205 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to reduce the incidence of substance use disorders is to promote resilience to stress using environmental resources such as physical exercise. In the present study we test the hypothesis that Voluntary Wheel Running (VWR) during adolescence blocks the negative consequences of stress induced by intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD). Four groups of adolescent male C57BL/6 mice were employed in the experiment; two groups were exposed to VWR (1 h, 3 days/week) from postnatal day (PND) 21 until the first social defeat (PND 47), while the remaining two groups did not have access to activity wheels (controls). On PND 47, 50, 53 and 56 mice, who had performed VWR, were exposed to an episode of social defeat by a resident aggressive mouse (VWR+IRSD group) or allowed to explore an empty cage (VWR+EXPL group). The same procedure was performed with control mice that had not undergone VWR (CONTROL+IRSD and CONTROL+EXPL groups). On PND 57, all the mice performed the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Hole-Board, Social Interaction, Tail Suspension and Splash tests. After an interval of 3 weeks, all mice underwent a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure with 1 mg/kg of cocaine. Exposure to VWR prevented the negative consequences of social stress in the EPM, splash test and CPP, since the VWR+IRSD group did not display anxiety- or depression-like effects or the potentiation of cocaine reward observed in the Control+IRSD group. Our results support the idea that physical exercise promotes resilience to stress and represents an excellent target in drug abuse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Calpe-López
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M A Martínez-Caballero
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P García-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - M A Aguilar
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Laranjeira C, Piaça I, Vinagre H, Vaz AR, Ferreira S, Cordeiro L, Querido A. Vulnerability through the Eyes of People Attended by a Portuguese Community-Based Association: A Thematic Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101819. [PMID: 36292265 PMCID: PMC9601330 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerability is associated with the individual’s social and biological conditions, but also the conditions of their enveloping environment and society, leading to terms such as vulnerable populations or risk groups. This study aimed to give a voice to people with experiences of vulnerability and explore their perspectives, using a descriptive qualitative design. Purportedly vulnerable adults were recruited and interviewed with semi-structured questions on vulnerability. Data were organized, using WebQDA software, and submitted to thematic content analysis, as proposed by Clark and Braun, which generated a thematic tree. The study included six men and six women with a mean age of 43.8 [SD = 14.17] years old. Thematic analysis generated three themes: (1) Conceptions about vulnerability, (2) Barriers imposed by vulnerability, and (3) Strategies for dealing with vulnerability. The results highlight that vulnerability is a highly dynamic process of openness to circumstances that influence individual outcomes. However, there is a lack of conceptual clarity. Although being vulnerable is perceived as something negative, we need to transform the social mindset, because vulnerability also has the potential to change priorities in life for the better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua de Santo André—66–68, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
- Research in Education and Community Intervention (RECI I&D), Piaget Institute, 3515-776 Viseu, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Inês Piaça
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Henrique Vinagre
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Lisete Cordeiro
- InPulsar (Associação para o Desenvolvimento Comunitário), Rua José Gonçalves LT 55—LJ 3 PISO-1, 2410-121 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ana Querido
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua de Santo André—66–68, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), NursID, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Hesaruiyeh FA, Rajabi S, Motamed-Jahromi M, Sarhadi M, Bell ML, Khaksefidi R, Sarhadi S, Mohammadi L, Dua K, Mohammadpour A, Martelletti P. A Pilot Study on the Association of Lead, 8-Hydroxyguanine, and Malondialdehyde Levels in Opium Addicts' Blood Serum with Illicit Drug Use and Non-Addict Persons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159110. [PMID: 35897481 PMCID: PMC9368398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
While a large body of literature has shown the health problems of illicit drug use, research is needed on how substance abuse impacts DNA damage and contaminants in blood, especially given Pb-contaminated opium. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the levels of lead (Pb), 8-hydroxy di-guanine (8-oxo-Gua), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood serum of opium addicts and non-addict people. The current study is a case–control study with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 50 opium-addicted and non-addict adults were chosen for this study using convenience and random sampling methods. Participants were divided into two groups: addicts and non-addicts. The atomic absorption spectroscopy method was used to measure the quantity of Pb, and the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the amount of 8-oxo-Gua and MDA. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test. The results show that the amount of Pb in the blood serum of addicted women and men was higher than levels in non-addict men and women, for the study participants (p-value = 0.001). Blood levels were not significantly different between addicts and non-addicts for men or women for 8-oxo-Gua (p-value = 0.647 for women and p-value = 0.785 for men) and MDA (p-value = 0.867 for women and p-value = 0.995 for men). In general, addicts’ blood Pb levels were found to be substantially higher than those of normal non-addict persons in this pilot study. As a result, testing for blood Pb levels in addicts may be informative in instances when symptoms are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Allahdinian Hesaruiyeh
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza P.O. Box 311-86145, Iran;
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital Complex, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran
| | - Saeed Rajabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran; (S.R.); (R.K.)
| | | | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran;
| | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Razieh Khaksefidi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran; (S.R.); (R.K.)
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran;
| | - Somayeh Sarhadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan 15847-43311, Iran;
| | - Leili Mohammadi
- Environmental Health, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran;
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Amin Mohammadpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran; (S.R.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (P.M.)
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12
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Ma A, Yang Y, Guo S, Li X, Zhang S, Chang H. The Impact of Adolescent Resilience on Mobile Phone Addiction During COVID-19 Normalization and Flooding in China: A Chain Mediating. Front Psychol 2022; 13:865306. [PMID: 35814111 PMCID: PMC9261930 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural disasters cause long-term psychological problems and increase substance use in some adults. However, it is unclear whether disasters also lead to these problems in adolescents. We hypothesized the influence of adolescent resilience on mobile phone addiction during the normalization of COVID-19 and flooding. We tested the mediating role of coping style and depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS) on phone addiction among 1,751 adolescents in the Henan Province in China. The adolescents were surveyed via an online questionnaire, and we used structural equation modeling to examine the correlations and moderation effects. The results show that coping style and DASS could mediate the relationship between adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction among Chinese adolescents. A chain of coping styles and DASS mediated the relationship between adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ma
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Nursing, St. Paul University Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuangxi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Hongjuan Chang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjuan Chang,
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13
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Calpe-López C, Martínez-Caballero MA, García-Pardo MP, Aguilar MA. Brief Maternal Separation Inoculates Against the Effects of Social Stress on Depression-Like Behavior and Cocaine Reward in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:825522. [PMID: 35359840 PMCID: PMC8961977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases the vulnerability of mice to the rewarding effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. According to the "inoculation of stress" hypothesis, a brief period of maternal separation (MS) can provide protection against the negative effects of IRSD. The aim of the present study was to assess whether exposure to a brief episode of MS prevents the subsequent short-term effects of IRSD on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and to explore its long-term effects on cocaine CPP in mice. Four groups of male C57BL/6 mice were employed; two groups were separated from their mother [6 h on postnatal day (PND) 9], while the other two groups were not (controls). On PND 47, 50, 53 and 56, mice that had experienced MS were exposed to social defeat in the cage of an aggressive resident mouse (MS + IRSD group) or were allowed to explore an empty cage (MS + EXPL group). The same procedure was performed with control mice that had not experienced MS (CONTROL + IRSD and CONTROL + EXPL groups). On PND57-58, all the mice performed the elevated plus maze and the hole-board, social interaction and splash tests. Three weeks after the last episode of defeat, all the mice underwent the CPP procedure with cocaine (1 mg/kg). Irrespective of whether or not MS had taken place, a reduction in open arms measures, dips, and social interaction was observed in mice that experienced IRSD. A higher latency of grooming and acquisition of cocaine-induced CPP were observed only in mice exposed to IRSD alone (CONTROL + IRSD). These results suggest that exposure to a brief episode of stress early in life increases the subsequent resilience of animals to the effects of social stress on vulnerability to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Calpe-López
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M A Martínez-Caballero
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P García-Pardo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - M A Aguilar
- Neurobehavioural Mechanisms and Endophenotypes of Addictive Behaviour Research Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Castelli V, Plescia F, Maniaci G, Lavanco G, Pizzolanti G, Brancato A, Cannizzaro C. Alcohol binge drinking in adolescence and psychological profile: Can the preclinical model crack the chicken-or-egg question? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:996965. [PMID: 36159952 PMCID: PMC9500321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.996965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, internal and external factors contribute to engaging with alcohol binge drinking (ABD), putting at risk the neurodevelopment of brain regions crucial for emotional control and stress coping. This research assessed the prevalence of ABD in late adolescent students of Southern Italy and characterized their psychological profile and drinking motives. Translational effects of alcohol binge drinking in the animal model were also studied. Seven hundred and fifty-nine high school students of both sexes (aged 18-20) were recruited. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C), Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised Short Form, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-Third Ed., State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Basic Self-Esteem Scale identified alcohol habits, drinking motives, and psychopathological profile. Eighty-five percentage of the students drank alcohol and 28% of them engaged in ABD; AUDIT-C correlated with enhancement, coping, and conformity motives. ABD was related to a greater likelihood of presenting clinical syndromes and personality disorders, as well as low resilience and self-esteem. Thereafter, in the pre-clinical model, adolescent male rats were exposed to alcohol (3.5 g/kg) in an intermittent binge-like paradigm and tested during prolonged abstinence. Rats were evaluated for anxiety-like behavior, motivated behaviors, resilience, and stress response following a psychosocial challenge. Binge-like alcohol-exposed adolescent rats displayed high integrated z-score for social- and novelty-induced anxiety, altered motivation-driven output, decreased resilience, and a blunted HPA axis response to psychosocial stress, with respect to respective controls. Our data confirm that ABD is the chosen pattern of drinking in a significant percentage of high school students in Southern Italy, and highlights AUDIT-C score as a relevant parameter able to predict the occurrence of affective disturbances. The evidence from the preclinical model shows that ABD produces detrimental consequences in the adolescent rat brain, resulting in negative affect, emotional dysregulation, and aberrant stress response, pointing to decreasing excessive alcohol drinking as a primary goal for the global act for brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Castelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Plescia
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maniaci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Brancato
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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