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Hunt SV, Jamison A, Malhotra R. Oral nicotinamide for non-melanoma skin cancers: A review. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:823-829. [PMID: 35347291 PMCID: PMC10050186 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been much interest in the role of oral nicotinamide supplementation in reducing the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers. This article reviews the hypothesised mechanisms of action of nicotinamide, and the available literature outlining its role for this purpose. There have been five randomised controlled trials (RCT), one histopathological study and two case series exploring the effect of oral nicotinamide supplementation on UV-induced immunosuppression of the skin, and incidence of actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). The largest RCT received criticism of the statistical analyses used, but the critics still acknowledged a likely benefit of treatment with oral nicotinamide in reducing the incidence of NMSC. Nicotinamide has a favourable safety profile. Current evidence is not definitive that oral nicotinamide supplementation reduces the incidence of NMSC, but it constitutes a low-risk management option that may be particularly relevant for high-risk individuals, and should be discussed as an option for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Jamison
- Corneoplastic unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, England
| | - Raman Malhotra
- Corneoplastic unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, England
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Minocha R, Martin AJ, Chen AC, Scolyer RA, Lyons JG, McKenzie CA, Madore J, Halliday GM, Damian DL. A Reduction in Inflammatory Macrophages May Contribute to Skin Cancer Chemoprevention by Nicotinamide. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:467-469. [PMID: 30244097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Minocha
- Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Martin
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew C Chen
- Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Guy Lyons
- Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia; Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catriona A McKenzie
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Madore
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary M Halliday
- Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diona L Damian
- Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Tai P, Au J. Skin cancer management-updates on Merkel cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:282. [PMID: 30105232 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are many different types of skin tumors in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The natural course and treatment varies according to the histological type. This review summarizes clinical experience for treatment decision. Contemporary radiotherapy and systemic therapy are improving. Landmark studies for basal cell and Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC) trigger further research and impetus for improving treatment outcome. Avelumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab appear to be promising for treatment of advanced MCCs and adjuvant trials are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Tai
- Allan Blair Cancer Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Joseph Au
- Adventist Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Hill LJ, Williams AC. Meat Intake and the Dose of Vitamin B 3 - Nicotinamide: Cause of the Causes of Disease Transitions, Health Divides, and Health Futures? Int J Tryptophan Res 2017; 10:1178646917704662. [PMID: 28579801 PMCID: PMC5419340 DOI: 10.1177/1178646917704662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat and vitamin B3 - nicotinamide - intake was high during hunter-gatherer times. Intake then fell and variances increased during and after the Neolithic agricultural revolution. Health, height, and IQ deteriorated. Low dietary doses are buffered by 'welcoming' gut symbionts and tuberculosis that can supply nicotinamide, but this co-evolved homeostatic metagenomic strategy risks dysbioses and impaired resistance to pathogens. Vitamin B3 deficiency may now be common among the poor billions on a low-meat diet. Disease transitions to non-communicable inflammatory disorders (but longer lives) may be driven by positive 'meat transitions'. High doses of nicotinamide lead to reduced regulatory T cells and immune intolerance. Loss of no longer needed symbiotic 'old friends' compounds immunological over-reactivity to cause allergic and auto-immune diseases. Inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumers and loss of methyl groups or production of toxins may cause cancers, metabolic toxicity, or neurodegeneration. An optimal dosage of vitamin B3 could lead to better health, but such a preventive approach needs more equitable meat distribution. Some people may require personalised doses depending on genetic make-up or, temporarily, when under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Hill
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian C Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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