1
|
Darji PI, Patel HA, Darji BP, Sharma A, Halawa A. Is de novo membranous nephropathy suggestive of alloimmunity in renal transplantation? A case report. World J Transplant 2022; 12:15-20. [PMID: 35096553 PMCID: PMC8771595 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v12.i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-transplant nephrotic syndrome (PTNS) in a renal allograft carries a 48% to 77% risk of graft failure at 5 years if proteinuria persists. PTNS can be due to either recurrence of native renal disease or de novo glomerular disease. Its prognosis depends upon the underlying pathophysiology. We describe a case of post-transplant membranous nephropathy (MN) that developed 3 mo after kidney transplant. The patient was properly evaluated for pathophysiology, which helped in the management of the case.
CASE SUMMARY This 22-year-old patient had chronic pyelonephritis. He received a living donor kidney, and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) mismatching was zero. PTNS was discovered at the follow-up visit 3 mo after the transplant. Graft histopathology was suggestive of MN. In the past antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) might have been misinterpreted as de novo MN due to the lack of technologies available to make an accurate diagnosis. Some researchers have observed that HLA-DR is present on podocytes causing an anti-DR antibody deposition and development of de novo MN. They also reported poor prognosis in their series. Here, we excluded the secondary causes of MN. Immunohistochemistry was suggestive of IgG1 deposits that favoured the diagnosis of de novo MN. The patient responded well to an increase in the dose of tacrolimus and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
CONCLUSION Exposure of hidden antigens on the podocytes in allografts may have led to subepithelial antibody deposition causing de novo MN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash I Darji
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Zydus Hospitals, Ahmedabad 380059, Gujarat, India
| | - Himanshu A Patel
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Zydus Hospitals, Ahmedabad 380059, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavya P Darji
- Internship, Department of Medicine, GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Ahmedabad 380025, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Institute of Learning and Teaching, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
- Consultant Transplant Surgeon, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Halawa
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Institute of Learning and Teaching, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
- Department of Transplantation, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park S, Go H, Baek CH, Kim YH, Kim YC, Yang SH, Lee JP, Min SI, Ha J, Song EY, Kim YS, Park SK, Lee H, Moon KC. Clinical importance of the updated Oxford classification in allograft IgA nephropathy. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2855-2864. [PMID: 31017369 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the recent update to the Oxford classification for allograft IgA nephropathy (IgAN), additional investigations on the clinical significance of the updated components are warranted. We performed a retrospective cohort study at two tertiary hospitals. Kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with allograft IgAN were included in the study after additional review by specialized pathologists. We applied the updated Oxford classification and determined the MEST-C scores of the patients. The main study outcome was death-censored graft failure within 10 years after the establishment of allograft IgAN diagnosis and was assessed using the Cox regression analysis. Three hundred thirty-three allograft IgAN patients were reviewed: 100 patients with confirmed native IgAN and 233 patients with other, clinical, or unknown primary causes for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The updated Oxford classification for allograft IgAN demonstrated prognostic value for graft failure, and patients with multiple MEST-C components had worse outcomes. M, E, S, and C were significantly associated with the prognosis of recurred IgAN and T was the only independent prognostic parameter for allograft IgAN without confirmed native IgAN. Therefore, we suggest reporting MEST-C scores in allograft biopsies and careful interpretation of the results according to the primary cause of ESRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Hee Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital Seoul, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongwon Ha
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital Seoul, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Transplantation Research Institute Seoul, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Kil Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park S, Baek CH, Go H, Kim YH, Min S, Ha J, Kim YC, Lee JP, Kim YS, Moon KC, Park SK, Lee H. Possible beneficial association between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system blockade usage and graft prognosis in allograft IgA nephropathy: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:354. [PMID: 31510954 PMCID: PMC6737644 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is associated with an increased risk of renal allograft failure, evidences for its treatment, including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade (RAASB) usage, remain limited. METHODS In this bi-center retrospective cohort study, we included patients who were recently diagnosed with IgAN through allograft biopsies. We identified their 6-month antihypertensive medication prescriptions and investigated the association between the medication types, albuminuria changes, and risk of 5-year death-censored-graft-failure (DCGF). The mixed effect model and cox regression analysis were used. RESULTS A total of 464 allograft IgAN patients were included: 272, 38, 33, and 121 patients in the no antihypertensive medication, single agent RAASB, single agent beta blocker (BB)/calcium channel blocker (CCB), and combination therapy groups, respectively. High-degree albuminuria after 6 months of allograft IgAN diagnosis was an important prognostic parameter and a partial mediator for the association between the subgroups and 5-year DCGF. The usage of single RAASB was associated with decrement of albuminuria from allograft IgAN diagnosis (P for interaction = 0.03). The single BB/CCB group demonstrated significantly worse prognosis than the single RAASB group (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.76 [1.09-6.98]; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, RAASB may be beneficial for graft prognosis in early allograft IgAN patients who require single antihypertensive medication therapy, by means of reducing albuminuria. Further investigation of treatment strategy in allograft IgAN is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung Hee Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang–il Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongwon Ha
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Kil Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|