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The Role of Protein SUMOylation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Potential Target of New Drug Discovery and Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225700. [PMID: 34830854 PMCID: PMC8616375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The small ubiquitin-like modifier is a highly conserved post-translational modification protein, mainly found in eukaryotes. Recently, studies have shown that SUMOylation promotes the development of liver cancer. This article summarises the recent literature on SUMOylation and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanism of SUMOs in liver cancer cells was described. It also shows the potential of SUMO as a therapeutic target for liver cancer. At the same time, this article also enumerates the practical application in clinical, developing progress and future direction of HCC in clinical practice. Abstract Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a highly conserved post-translational modification protein, mainly found in eukaryotes. They are widely expressed in different tissues, including the liver. As an essential post-translational modification, SUMOylation is involved in many necessary regulations in cells. It plays a vital role in DNA repair, transcription regulation, protein stability and cell cycle progression. Increasing shreds of evidence show that SUMOylation is closely related to Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The high expression of SUMOs in the inflammatory hepatic tissue may lead to the carcinogenesis of HCC. At the same time, SUMOs will upregulate the proliferation and survival of HCC, migration, invasion and metastasis of HCC, tumour microenvironment as well as drug resistance. This study reviewed the role of SUMOylation in liver cancer. In addition, it also discussed natural compounds that modulate SUMO and target SUMO drugs in clinical trials. Considering the critical role of SUMO protein in the occurrence of HCC, the drug regulation of SUMOylation may become a potential target for treatment, prognostic monitoring and adjuvant chemotherapy of HCC.
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Rosadas C, Vicente ACP, Zanella L, Cabral-Castro MJ, Peralta JM, Puccioni-Sohler M. First report of HTLV-1 truncated p12 protein in Brazil. Virulence 2016; 8:1445-1449. [PMID: 27960650 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1267895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rosadas
- a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Ana C P Vicente
- b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC - FIOCRUZ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Louise Zanella
- b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC - FIOCRUZ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | - José M Peralta
- a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Marzia Puccioni-Sohler
- a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Castro E, Roger E. Hepatitis C virus/human T lymphotropic virus 1/2 co-infection: Regional burden and virological outcomes in people who inject drugs. World J Virol 2016; 5:68-72. [PMID: 27175351 PMCID: PMC4861872 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v5.i2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review analyses current data concerning co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1/2 in people who inject drugs (PWID), with a particular focus on disease burden and global implications for virological outcome. In addition, the available treatment options for HTLV-1/2 are summarized and the ongoing and likely future research challenges are discussed. The data in this review was obtained from 34 articles on HCV/HTLV-1/2 co-infection in PWID retrieved from the PubMed literature database and published between 1997 and 2015. Despite unavailable estimates of the burden of HCV/HTLV-1/2 co-infection in general, the epidemiologic constellation of HTLV-1/2 shows high incidence in PWID with history of migration, incarceration, and other blood-borne infectious diseases such as HCV or human immunodeficiency virus. The most recent research data strongly suggest that HTLV-1 co-infection can influence HCV viral load, HCV sustained virological response to α-interferon treatment, and HCV-related liver disease progression. In short, outcome of HCV infection is worse in the context of HTLV-1 co-infection, yet more studies are needed to gain accurate estimations of the burden of HCV/HTLV-1/2 co-infections. Moreover, in the current era of new direct-acting antiviral treatments for HCV and proven HTLV-1/2 treatment options, prospective clinical and treatment studies should be carried out, with particular focus on the PWID patient population, with the aim of improving virological outcomes.
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Wang C, Long W, Peng C, Hu L, Zhang Q, Wu A, Zhang X, Duan X, Wong CCL, Tanaka Y, Xia Z. HTLV-1 Tax Functions as a Ubiquitin E3 Ligase for Direct IKK Activation via Synthesis of Mixed-Linkage Polyubiquitin Chains. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005584. [PMID: 27082114 PMCID: PMC4833305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax plays a key role in CD4+ T cell transformation by promoting cell proliferation and survival, mainly through permanent activation of the NK-κB pathway and induction of many NF-κB target genes. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism is therefore critical in understanding HTLV-1-mediated transformation. Current studies have suggested multiple but controversial mechanisms regarding Tax-induced IKK activation mainly due to blending of primary Tax-induced IKK activation events and secondary IKK activation events induced by cytokines secreted by the primary Tax-induced IKK-NF-κB activation events. We reconstituted Tax-stimulated IKK activation in a cell-free system to dissect the essential cellular components for primary IKK activation by Tax and studied the underlying biochemical mechanism. We found that Tax is a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase, which, together with UbcH2, UhcH5c, or UbcH7, catalyzes the assembly of free mixed-linkage polyubiquitin chains. These free mixed-linkage polyubiquitin chains are then responsible for direct IKK activation by binding to the NEMO subunit of IKK. Our studies revealed the biochemical function of Tax in the process of IKK activation, which utilizes the minimal cellular ubiquitination components for NF-κB activation. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM), a distinct neurological disorder with inflammatory symptoms and incomplete paralysis of the limbs, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive malignant proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Both TSP/HAM and ATL are mainly driven by the activation of IκB kinase (IKK)-NF-κB stimulated by HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax. The molecular mechanism by which Tax activates IKK remains unclear. Here, we found that Tax is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which, together with its cognate ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) UbcH2, UhcH5c, or UbcH7, catalyzes the assembly of unanchored free mixed-linkage polyubiquitin chains. The polyubiquitin chains can activate IKK complex directly by binding to the NEMO subunit. Our studies uncovered the essential cellular factors hijacked by HTLV-1 for infection and pathogenesis, as well as the biochemical function and the underlying mechanism of Tax in the process of IKK activation. Our work might shed light on potential development of therapeutics for TSP/HAM and ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenying Long
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ailing Wu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine C. L. Wong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Zongping Xia
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Mei S, Zhu H. A novel one-class SVM based negative data sampling method for reconstructing proteome-wide HTLV-human protein interaction networks. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8034. [PMID: 25620466 PMCID: PMC5379509 DOI: 10.1038/srep08034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction is generally treated as a problem of binary classification wherein negative data sampling is still an open problem to be addressed. The commonly used random sampling is prone to yield less representative negative data with considerable false negatives. Meanwhile rational constraints are seldom exerted on model selection to reduce the risk of false positive predictions for most of the existing computational methods. In this work, we propose a novel negative data sampling method based on one-class SVM (support vector machine, SVM) to predict proteome-wide protein interactions between HTLV retrovirus and Homo sapiens, wherein one-class SVM is used to choose reliable and representative negative data, and two-class SVM is used to yield proteome-wide outcomes as predictive feedback for rational model selection. Computational results suggest that one-class SVM is more suited to be used as negative data sampling method than two-class PPI predictor, and the predictive feedback constrained model selection helps to yield a rational predictive model that reduces the risk of false positive predictions. Some predictions have been validated by the recent literature. Lastly, gene ontology based clustering of the predicted PPI networks is conducted to provide valuable cues for the pathogenesis of HTLV retrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Mei
- 1] Software College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China [2] Bioinformatics Section, School of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Bioinformatics Section, School of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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