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Sadat A, Ramadan H, Elkady MA, Hammad AM, Soliman MM, Aboelenin SM, Al-Harthi HF, Abugomaa A, Elbadawy M, Awad A. Phylotypic Profiling, Distribution of Pathogenicity Island Markers, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat and Humans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091197. [PMID: 36139976 PMCID: PMC9495032 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E.coli) found in retail chicken meat could be causing a wide range of infections in humans and constitute a potential risk. This study aimed to evaluate 60 E. coli isolates from retail chicken meat (n = 34) and human urinary tract infections (UTIs, n = 26) for phylogenetic diversity, presence of pathogenicity island (PAI) markers, antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes, and antimicrobial resistance genes, and to evaluate their biofilm formation capacity. In that context, confirmed E.coli isolates were subjected to phylogrouping analysis using triplex PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method; PAI distribution was investigated by using two multiplex PCRs. Most of the chicken isolates (22/34, 64.7%) were identified as commensal E. coli (A and B1), while 12 isolates (35.3%) were classified as pathogenic virulent E. coli (B2 and D). Similarly, the commensal group dominated in human isolates. Overall, 23 PAIs were detected in the chicken isolates; among them, 39.1% (9/23) were assigned to group B1, 34.8% (8/23) to group A, 4.34% (1/23) to group B2, and 21.7% (5/23) to group D. However, 25 PAIs were identified from the human isolates. PAI IV536 was the most prevalent (55.9%, 69.2%) PAI detected in both sources. In total, 37 (61.7%) isolates of the chicken and human isolates were biofilm producers. Noticeably, 100% of E. coli isolates were resistant to penicillin and rifamycin. Markedly, all E. coli isolates displayed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) phenotypes, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) among E. coli isolates ranged between 0.5 and 1. Several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified by a PCR assay; the sul2 gene was the most prevalent (38/60, 63.3%) from both sources. Interestingly, a significant positive association (r = 0.31) between biofilm production and resistance to quinolones by the qnr gene was found by the correlation analysis. These findings were suggestive of the transmission of PAI markers and antibiotic resistance genes from poultry to humans or humans to humans through the food chain. To avoid the spread of virulent and multidrug-resistant E. coli, intensive surveillance of retail chicken meat markets is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Sadat
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Elkady
- Mansoura Veterinary Laboratory Branch, Microbiology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amal Mahmoud Hammad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine Damietta, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salama M. Aboelenin
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helal F. Al-Harthi
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Al Hawiyah 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +2-0102-127-6993
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Firesbhat A, Tigabu A, Tegene B, Gelaw B. Bacterial profile of high-touch surfaces, leftover drugs and antiseptics together with their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 34749674 PMCID: PMC8573887 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hospital environment serves as a source of nosocomial infections, which pose a major therapeutic challenge. Although many bacteria species are common in hospital environments, their distribution, frequency, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from high-touch surfaces, leftover drugs, and antiseptics in different wards remain largely unknown. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and frequency of bacterial contaminants and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods A total of 384 samples were collected from five selected wards and processed according to standard bacteriological procedures. Samples were collected from high-touch surface using swabs and inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Chocolate agar and Mannitol salt agar plates, and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. On the other hand, the leftover drugs and 80% ethanol samples were collected using sterile cotton swab immersed in sterile tryptone soy broth then inoculated on culture medias and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Identification of bacteria species was done using the morphological characteristics, Gram stain, and biochemical tests while antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute 2021guidelines. Results Among the 384 samples processed, 102 (26.6%) were culture positive and a total of 114 bacterial isolates were identified. Gram-positive bacterial isolates were predominant, 64.9%, while Gram-negatives were 35.1%. The most frequently isolated bacteria were coagulase negative Staphylococci (38.6%) followed by S. aureus (13.2%) and P. aeruginosa (11.4%). On the other hand, the proportion of bacteria isolated from surgical ward, post-natal ward, orthopedic ward, trauma ward, and neonatal intensive care unit ward were 24.6, 21, 20.2, 18.4,15.8%, respectively. Sinks were mainly contaminated with Klebsiella species (81.8%) and A. baumannii (55.6%), while A. baumannii (22.2%) was the most contaminant for 80% ethanol. Gram-positive bacteria had significantly high resistance levels to penicillin (67.6%), cotrimoxazole (67.8%), and cefepime (80%). On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria revealed the highest resistance levels to tetracycline (82.4%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (76.5%), cefepime (66.7%), ceftazidime (67.5%), and piperacillin (92.3%). Moreover, the proportion of multidrug resistant bacteria isolates was 44.7%. Conclusions Data of the present study showed that coagulase negative Staphylococci was the dominant bacterial isolates followed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The proportion of multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates was relatively high. Therefore, appropriate infection prevention and control measures should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsedewoyn Firesbhat
- Unit of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P O. box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abiye Tigabu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P O. box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Birhanemeskel Tegene
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, P. O. box 1271, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Gelaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P O. box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Abavisani M, Goudarzi M, Ghalavand Z, Hajikhani B, Rad ZR, Rad ZR, Hashemi A. Evaluation of efflux pumps overexpression and β-lactamase genes among colistin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kingwara L, Karanja M, Ngugi C, Kangogo G, Bera K, Kimani M, Bowen N, Abuya D, Oramisi V, Mukui I. From Sequence Data to Patient Result: A Solution for HIV Drug Resistance Genotyping With Exatype, End to End Software for Pol-HIV-1 Sanger Based Sequence Analysis and Patient HIV Drug Resistance Result Generation. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2021; 19:2325958220962687. [PMID: 32990139 PMCID: PMC7536479 DOI: 10.1177/2325958220962687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With the rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat HIV
infection, there are ongoing concerns regarding probable emergence and
transmission of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) mutations. This scale-up has to
lead to an increased need for routine HIVDR testing to inform the clinical
decision on a regimen switch. Although the majority of wet laboratory
processes are standardized, slow, labor-intensive data transfer and
subjective manual sequence interpretation steps are still required to
finalize and release patient results. We thus set out to validate the
applicability of a software package to generate HIVDR patient results from
raw sequence data independently. Methods: We assessed the performance characteristics of Hyrax Bioscience’s Exatype (a
sequence data to patient result, fully automated sequence analysis software,
which consolidates RECall, MEGA X and the Stanford HIV database) against the
standard method (RECall and Stanford database). Exatype is a web-based HIV
Drug resistance bioinformatic pipeline available at sanger.exatype.com. To validate the exatype, we used a test set of
135 remnant HIV viral load samples at the National HIV Reference Laboratory
(NHRL). Result: We analyzed, and successfully generated results of 126 sequences out of 135
specimens by both Standard and Exatype software. Result production using
Exatype required minimal hands-on time in comparison to the Standard (6
computation-hours using the standard method versus 1.5 Exatype
computation-hours). Concordance between the 2 systems was 99.8% for 311,227
bases compared. 99.7% of the 0.2% discordant bases, were attributed to
nucleotide mixtures as a result of the sequence editing in Recall. Both
methods identified similar (99.1%) critical antiretroviral
resistance-associated mutations resulting in a 99.2% concordance of
resistance susceptibility interpretations. The Base-calling comparison
between the 2 methods had Cohen’s kappa (0.97 to 0.99), implying an almost
perfect agreement with minimal base calling variation. On a predefined
dataset, RECall editing displayed the highest probability to score mixtures
accurately 1 vs. 0.71 and the lowest chance to inaccurately assign mixtures
to pure nucleotides (0.002–0.0008). This advantage is attributable to the
manual sequence editing in RECall. Conclusion: The reduction in hands-on time needed is a benefit when using the Exatype HIV
DR sequence analysis platform and result generation tool. There is a minimal
difference in base calling between Exatype and standard methods. Although
the discrepancy has minimal impact on drug resistance interpretation,
allowance of sequence editing in Exatype as RECall can significantly improve
its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Kingwara
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Nairobi, Kenya.,National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Muthoni Karanja
- National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Catherine Ngugi
- National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey Kangogo
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Nairobi, Kenya.,National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kipkerich Bera
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maureen Kimani
- National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nancy Bowen
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dorcus Abuya
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Nairobi, Kenya.,National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Violet Oramisi
- National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Irene Mukui
- National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
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Sebre S, Erku Abegaz W, Seman A, Awoke T, Mihret W, Desalegn Z, Abebe T, Mihret A. Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Collected from Inanimate Hospital Environments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1369:69-80. [PMID: 34173214 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hospital environment contributes to the spread of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), which are contributing to increased morbidity and mortality rates. The present study was carried out to detect environmental contamination, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ESBL-PE, and to explore molecular characterization of ESBL encoding genes. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted within the intensive care units (ICUs) of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from June to July 2018. A total of 97 swabs were taken from high-contact inanimate surfaces near immediate patient environments. All isolates were cultured by using ESBL ChromoSelect Agar and identified with conventional bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Combination disk test was used to confirm ESBL production, while molecular characterizations of ESBL genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Out of 97 swabbed sample, 24 (24.7%) were confirmed as ESBL-PE. The most predominant ESBL-PE was from E. coli (41.7%) and K. pneumoniae (25%). The Pediatrics and Neonatal ICU (29.2%, 7/24) exhibited highest ESBL-PE. The most contaminated materials were bed linens (33.3%). Most of ESBL-PE isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%) and ceftriaxone (91.7%). A low resistance level was recorded for amikacin (25%). Among ESBL-producing genes, blaCTX-M (35.7%) was the most prevalent, followed by blaTEM and blaSHV gene 32.1% for each. CONCLUSIONS Appearance of ESBL-PE in ICUs environment is posing a serious threat to control healthcare associated infections. The high level of resistance shows the need of policies for devising infection control procedures and detection of ESBL-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemse Sebre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Woldaregay Erku Abegaz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aminu Seman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tewachew Awoke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Wude Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Desalegn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sambrano H, Castillo JC, Ramos CW, de Mayorga B, Chen O, Durán O, Ciniglio C, Aguilar C, Cisterna O, de Chial M. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulent factors in nosocomial clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Panamá. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 25:101038. [PMID: 33285136 PMCID: PMC9392144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important causative agent of nosocomial infections. As pathogen, P. aeruginosa is of increasing clinical importance due to its ability to develop high-level multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods The aim of the present study was to better understand the intrinsic virulence of circulating strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by surveying and characterizing the antibiotic resistance profiles and prevalence of virulence factors in 51 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from children admitted to Hospital del Niño-Panamá during the period of October 2016 until March 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for 12 antibiotics against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates using the VITEK system (https://www.biomerieux.com). Additionally, all isolates were examined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the presence of components of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump system (mexABR) and pyoverdine receptor genes and betalactamases resistance genes (ESBL) using gene-specific primers. Results A total of 51 pyoverdine producing clinical isolates were analyzed, all of which expressed resistance genes such as genes of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump system (mexABR) and pyoverdine receptor genes (fpvA). Out of 51 MDR isolates, 22 were ESBL producers. The most common ESBL gene was blaTEM expressed by 43% of the isolates. The isolates tested in this study showed increased resistance to antibiotics in the following categories: (i) penicillins (ampicillin (69%), piperacillin (22%); (ii) pyrimethamines (trimethoprim, 65%); (iii) nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, 63%), and (iv) third-generation cephalosporin cefotaxime (53%). These results underscore a high prevalence of MDR amongst clinical isolates from Panama. Conclusions The present study indicates that prevalence of BlaTEM-carrying strains is increasing with subsequent multidrug resistance in Panamá and as well reported worldwide. The virulent factors identified in this study provide valuable information regarding the prevalence of resistance genes and their potential impact on treatments that exploit the unique physiology of the pathogen. To prevent further spread of MDR, the proportions of resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa should be constantly evaluated on healthcare institutions of Panamá. More importantly, this information can be used to better understand the evolution and dissemination of strains hoping to prevent the development of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Future studies quantifying the expression of these virulent genes will emphasize on the acquisition of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Sambrano
- Universidad de Panamá, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Panama
| | - Julio César Castillo
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología de Panamá (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama
| | - Carlos W Ramos
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | - Brenda de Mayorga
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Panama
| | - Olga Chen
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | - Ovidio Durán
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | - Carmelo Ciniglio
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | - Criseida Aguilar
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | | | - Magaly de Chial
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama.
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Promite S, Saha SK. Escherichia coli in respiratory tract infections: Evaluating antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of fimA, neuC and iutA virulence genes. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sarowska J, Futoma-Koloch B, Jama-Kmiecik A, Frej-Madrzak M, Ksiazczyk M, Bugla-Ploskonska G, Choroszy-Krol I. Virulence factors, prevalence and potential transmission of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources: recent reports. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:10. [PMID: 30828388 PMCID: PMC6383261 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are facultative pathogens that are part of the normal human intestinal flora. The ExPEC group includes uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), sepsis-associated E. coli (SEPEC), and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Virulence factors (VF) related to the pathogenicity of ExPEC are numerous and have a wide range of activities, from those related to bacteria colonization to those related to virulence, including adhesins, toxins, iron acquisition factors, lipopolysaccharides, polysaccharide capsules, and invasins, which are usually encoded on pathogenicity islands (PAIs), plasmids and other mobile genetic elements. Mechanisms underlying the dynamics of ExPEC transmission and the selection of virulent clones are still poorly understood and require further research. The time shift between colonization of ExPEC and the development of infection remains problematic in the context of establishing the relation between consumption of contaminated food and the appearance of first disease symptoms. What appears to be most difficult is to prove that ExPEC strains cause disease symptoms and to examine the mechanism of transition from the asymptomatic colonization of the intestines to the spreading of the bacteria outside the digestive system. A significant problem for researchers who are trying to ascribe ExPEC transmission to food, people or the environment is to draw the distinction between colonization of ExPEC and infection. Food safety is an important challenge for public health both at the production stage and in the course of its processing and distribution. Examination of the genetic similarity of ExPEC strains will allow to determine their origin from different sources. Many levels of genotyping have been proposed in which the typing of strains, plasmids and genes is compared in order to obtain a more complete picture of this complex problem. The aim of our study was to characterize E. coli strains isolated from humans, animals and food for the presence of bacterial genes encoding virulence factors such as toxins, and iron acquisition systems (siderophores) in the context of an increasing spread of ExPEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sarowska
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Futoma-Koloch
- 2Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frej-Madrzak
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Ksiazczyk
- 2Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Ploskonska
- 2Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Irena Choroszy-Krol
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Uzoechi SC, Abu-Lail NI. The Effects of β-Lactam Antibiotics on Surface Modifications of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli: A Multiscale Approach. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:135-150. [PMID: 30869575 PMCID: PMC6599534 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618015696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Possible multidrug-resistant (MDR) mechanisms of four resistant strains of Escherichia coli to a model β-lactam, ampicillin, were investigated using contact angle measurements of wettability, crystal violet assays of permeability, biofilm formation, fluorescence imaging, and nanoscale analyses of dimensions, adherence, and roughness. Upon exposure to ampicillin, one of the resistant strains, E. coli A5, changed its phenotype from elliptical to spherical, maintained its roughness and biofilm formation abilities, decreased its length and surface area, maintained its cell wall integrity, increased its hydrophobicity, and decreased its nanoscale adhesion to a model surface of silicon nitride. Such modifications are suggested to allow these cells to conserve energy during metabolic dormancy. In comparison, resistant strains E. coli D4, A9, and H5 elongated their cells, increased their roughness, increased their nanoscale adhesion forces, became more hydrophilic, and increased their biofilm formation upon exposure to ampicillin. These results suggest that these strains resisted ampicillin through biofilm formation that possibly introduces diffusion limitations to antibiotics. Investigations of how MDR bacterial cells modify their surfaces in response to antibiotics can guide research efforts aimed at designing more effective antibiotics and new treatment strategies for MDR bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Uzoechi
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Nehal I. Abu-Lail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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Abstract
Preharvest food safety research and activities have advanced over time with the recognition of the importance and complicated nature of the preharvest phase of food production. In developed nations, implementation of preharvest food safety procedures along with strict monitoring and containment at various postharvest stages such as slaughter, processing, storage, and distribution have remarkably reduced the burden of foodborne pathogens in humans. Early detection and adequate surveillance of pathogens at the preharvest stage is of the utmost importance to ensure a safe meat supply. There is an urgent need to develop rapid, cost-effective, and point-of-care diagnostics which could be used at the preharvest stage and would complement postmortem and other quality checks performed at the postharvest stage. With newer methods and technologies, more efforts need to be directed toward developing rapid, sensitive, and specific methods for detection or screening of foodborne pathogens at the preharvest stage. In this review, we will discuss the molecular methods available for detection and molecular typing of bacterial foodborne pathogens at the farm. Such methods include conventional techniques such as endpoint PCR, real-time PCR, DNA microarray, and more advanced techniques such as matrix-assisted layer desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and whole-genome sequencing.
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Identification of beta-Lactamases and beta-Lactam-Related Proteins in Human Pathogenic Bacteria using a Computational Search Approach. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:915-920. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Alikhani MY, Shahcheraghi F, Khodaparast S, Mozaffari Nejad AS, Moghadam MK, Mousavi SF. Molecular characterisation of Klebsiella oxytoca strains isolated from patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Arab J Gastroenterol 2016; 17:95-101. [PMID: 27344094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Colitis is a common complication after treatment with antibiotics such as β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides. Recently, Klebsiella oxytoca has been implicated in this type of diarrhoea. The prevalence and characterisations of K. oxytoca isolated from patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea were investigated. The K. oxytoca isolates were also tested for cytotoxin production. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was conducted from May 2011 to Dec 2013. Faecal samples were collected from hospitalised patients receiving antibiotic treatment. Initial cultivation was performed on specific media. The clinical isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the specific K. oxytoca polygalacturonase (pehX) gene. The double-disc diffusion test was used to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. Tracking of ESBL-encoding genes was performed via PCR. The organism was cultured on Hep-2 cell lines for cytotoxin production. RESULTS Out of 331 samples collected from patients, 40 were confirmed molecularly to be clinical isolates of K. oxytoca. Fourteen (35%) ESBL-producing strains were isolated using the double-disc diffusion method. Among the molecularly confirmed K. oxytoca isolates, seven (17.5%) tested positive for the blaSHV gene, 12 (30%) for blaTEM, 10 (25%) for blaCTX-M, three (7.5%) for blaOXA, nine (22.5%) for blaCTX-M-15, and seven (17.5%) for blaTEM-1. Five (12%) isolates showed cytotoxin activity below 30%, 12 (30%) strains showed moderate cytotoxin activity between 30% and 60%, and 23 (58%) strains showed cytotoxin activity ⩾60%. CONCLUSIONS The cytotoxin-producing K. oxytoca is found to be one of the causes of antibiotic-induced colitis. Discontinuing treatment and allowing normal intestinal flora to be established or prescribing appropriate medication after antibiogram can help patients with antibiotic-induced haemorrhagic colitis in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Shahcheraghi
- Microbiology Research Center & Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khodaparast
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (AP), India; Department of Microbiology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Sayed Fazlollah Mousavi
- Microbiology Research Center & Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Horáková M, Ĺubušká L, Kolář M, Hricová K, Vrba R, Neoral Č, Zapletalová J. Individualized Prophylaxis in Patients with Esophageal Replacement Because of Cancer. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2015; 16:513-7. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2014.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Horáková
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ĺubušká
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kolář
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Hricová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Vrba
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Čestmír Neoral
- Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zapletalová
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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14
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Sedighi I, Arabestani MR, Rahimbakhsh A, Karimitabar Z, Alikhani MY. Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Quinolone Resistance Genes Among Clinical Isolates of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Children. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e19184. [PMID: 26421128 PMCID: PMC4584072 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.19184v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common childhood bacterial infections and Escherichia coli is the major pathogen. Producing β-lactamase enzymes are the most common mechanism of bacterial resistance. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Quinolone Resistance (qnr) genes in E. coli strains isolated from UTIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a total of 120 isolates of E. coli from urinary tract infections of the children were collected at Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, from October 2010 to October 2011. The bacterial isolates were identified by standard biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by disk diffusion method, and ESBLs-producing was confirmed phenotypically using the double-disk synergy (DDS) test. The presence and identification of ESBLs and qnr genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS The highest sensitivity was seen to imipenem (96.7%), amikacin (92.5%), nitrofurantoin (93.3%), ofloxacin (81.7%), gentamicin norfloxacin (70.8%), and ciprofloxacin (79.2%). In contrast, the highest rate of resistance was seen to co-trimoxazole (77%) and nalidixic acid (40.9%). The results showed that 6 (2.18%) and 4 (1.12%) isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli were positive with respect to having qnrB and qnrS genes, respectively. No isolates was found to have qnrA. CONCLUSIONS CTX-M was the most prevalent ESBL genotype in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolated from UTI. In addition, a high frequency of qnr genes among ESBL-producing E. coli was identified in this study. In order to avoid treatment failures, we recommend using phenotypic and molecular methods to diagnose these enzymes and qnr genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Sedighi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Ali Rahimbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic and Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Karimitabar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Yousef Alikhani, Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-8118380755, Fax: +98-8118380130, E-mail:
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15
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Sedláková MH, Urbánek K, Vojtová V, Suchánková H, Imwensi P, Kolář M. Antibiotic consumption and its influence on the resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:454. [PMID: 25027417 PMCID: PMC4115467 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the most serious problems in current medicine. An important factor contributing to the growing prevalence of multiresistant bacteria is application of antibiotics. This study aimed at analyzing the development of resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to selected beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics in the University Hospital Olomouc and assessing the effect of selection pressure of these antibiotics. Methods For the period between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2011, resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus mirabilis to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides was retrospectively studied. For the assessment of selection pressure of antibiotics, a parameter of defined daily dose in absolute annual consumption (DDDatb) based on the ATC/DDD classification and in relative annual consumption (RDDDatb) as the number of defined daily doses per 100 bed-days was used. The relationship between frequency of strains resistant to a particular antibiotic and antibiotic consumption was assessed by linear regression analysis using Spearman’s correlation. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results A total of 113,027 isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family were analyzed. There was a significant effect of selection pressure of the primary antibiotic in the following cases: piperacillin/tazobactam in Klebsiella pneumoniae, gentamicin in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and amikacin in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. Also, there was significant correlation between resistance to ceftazidime and consumption of piperacillin/tazobactam in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. No relationship was found between consumption of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and resistance to ceftazidime or between fluoroquinolone consumption and resistance to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion The study showed the effects of both direct and indirect selection pressure on increasing resistance to gentamicin, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftazidime. Given the fact that no correlation was found between resistance to fluoroquinolones and consumption of either primary or secondary antibiotics, we assume that the increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones is probably due to circulation of resistance genes in the bacterial population and that this resistance was not affected by reduced use of these antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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