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Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhao M, Lower EE, Baughman RP. SACE and IL-2R as serum biomarkers for evaluation of multi-organ involvement and prognosis of sarcoidosis. Respir Res 2023; 24:219. [PMID: 37679741 PMCID: PMC10486044 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum biomarkers in the evaluation of organ involvement and prognostic monitoring of sarcoidosis have not been determined. The purpose of this study was to identify common biomarkers that could be used to assess organ involvement and monitor outcomes in sarcoidosis patients. METHODS From Mar 2013 to Sep 2021, patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis were enrolled in this study in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. The information from medical records was retrospectively collected including diagnosis, organ involvement, laboratory tests and follow up data. Differences of continuous variables between groups were analyzed by unpaired Student's t-test. Multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify potential independent factors associated with multiple organ involvement. RESULTS A total of 832 patients were included in the study. There were 339 (40.7%) patients with single organ pulmonary involvement, while 493 (59.3%) patients had two to seven organs involved. Among the routine serum tests, only the serum angiotensin converting enzyme (SACE) level was an independent factor of multiple organ involvement. Compared to those patients without involvement, SACE levels were higher in patients with extra-thoracic lymph node, skin, or spleen involvement as well as abnormal calcium metabolism. Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) levels were higher in patients with extra-thoracic lymph node, spleen involvement and abnormal calcium metabolism than in those without it. The mean levels of SACE and IL-2R showed upward trends paralleling the increase on number of organs involved. In follow up, SACE and IL-2R levels were both decreased in an improved patient group, while there was no obvious difference was noticed before and after treatment in patients with persistent disease. CONCLUSION SACE and IL-2R were useful as serum biomarkers in the initial evaluation of organ involvement as well as monitoring prognosis in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xianqiu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Elyse E Lower
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert P Baughman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Sikorova K, Osoegawa K, Kocourkova L, Strnad A, Petrkova J, Fernández-Viña MA, Doubkova M, Petrek M. Association between sarcoidosis and HLA polymorphisms in a Czech population from Central Europe: focus on a relationship with clinical outcome and treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1094843. [PMID: 37153085 PMCID: PMC10160604 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1094843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated systemic disease with unknown etiology affecting the lung predominantly. The clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis is rather diverse ranging from Löfgren's syndrome to fibrotic disease. Also, it differs among patients with distinct geographical and ethnic origins, consistent with environmental and genetic factors' role in its pathogenesis. Of those, the polymorphic genes of the HLA system have been previously implicated in sarcoidosis. Therefore, we have performed an association study in a well-defined cohort of Czech patients aiming to define how variation in HLA genes, may contribute to disease origin and development. Materials and methods Total of the 301 Czech unrelated sarcoidosis patients were diagnosed according to international guidelines. In those, HLA typing was performed using next-generation sequencing. The allele frequencies at six HLA loci (HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1,-DQA1, and -DQB1) observed in the patients were compared with HLA allele distribution determined in 309 unrelated healthy Czech subjects; sub-analyses of relationships between HLA and distinct sarcoidosis clinical phenotypes were performed. Associations were assessed by two-tailed Fischer's exact test with correction for multiple comparisons. Results We report two variants, HLA-DQB1*06:02, and HLA-DQB1*06:04, as risk factors for sarcoidosis, and three variants, HLA-DRB1*01:01, HLA-DQA1*03:01, and HLA-DQB1*03:02 as protective factors. HLA-B*08:01, HLA-C*07:01, HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DQA1*05:01, and HLA-DQB1*02:01 variants associated with Löfgren's syndrome, a more benign phenotype. HLA- DRB1*03:01 and HLA-DQA1*05:01 alleles were connected with better prognosis-chest X-ray (CXR) stage 1, disease remission, and non-requirement of corticosteroid treatment. The alleles HLA-DRB1*11:01 and HLA-DQA1*05:05 are associated with more advanced disease represented by the CXR stages 2-4. HLA-DQB1*05:03 associated with sarcoidosis extrapulmonary manifestation. Conclusion In our Czech cohort, we document some associations between sarcoidosis and HLA previously described in other populations. Further, we suggest novel susceptibility factors for sarcoidosis, such as HLA-DQB1*06:04, and characterize associations between HLA and sarcoidosis clinical phenotypes in Czech patients. Our study also extends the role of the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (HLA-A*01:01∼HLA-B*08:01∼HLA-C*07:01∼HLA-DRB1*03:01∼HLA-DQA1*05:01∼HLA-DQB1*02:01), already implicated in autoimmune diseases, as a possible predictor of better prognosis in sarcoidosis. The general translational application of our newly reported findings for personalized patient care should be validated by an independent study from another, international referral center.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sikorova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - K. Osoegawa
- Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - L. Kocourkova
- Laboratory of Cardiogenomics–Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - A. Strnad
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - J. Petrkova
- Laboratory of Cardiogenomics–Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - M. A. Fernández-Viña
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stanford Blood Center, Stanford University School Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - M. Doubkova
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - M. Petrek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: M. Petrek,
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Rana GD, d'Alessandro M, Rizzi L, Bergantini L, Cameli P, Vozza A, Sestini P, Suppressa P, Bargagli E. Clinical phenotyping in sarcoidosis management. SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES 2021; 38:e2021007. [PMID: 34316252 PMCID: PMC8288209 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v38i2.10423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous granulomatous disease. Biological markers and clinical features could allow specific phenotypes to be associated with different prognosis, severity and treatment responses. This retrospective multicentre study aims to analyse the clinical and immunological features of sarcoidosis and to identify a routine non-invasive biomarker useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Domenico Rana
- Internal Medicine Unit "C. Frugoni", Centre for rare diseases, University Hospital Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Miriana d'Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzi
- Internal Medicine Unit "C. Frugoni", Centre for rare diseases, University Hospital Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alfredo Vozza
- Internal Medicine Unit "C. Frugoni", Centre for rare diseases, University Hospital Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Suppressa
- Internal Medicine Unit "C. Frugoni", Centre for rare diseases, University Hospital Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Ishihara M, Meguro A, Ishido M, Takeuchi M, Shibuya E, Mizuki N. Usefulness of Combined Measurement of Serum Soluble IL-2R and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in the Detection of Uveitis Associated with Japanese Sarcoidosis. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:2311-2317. [PMID: 32848359 PMCID: PMC7429236 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s264595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is conventionally used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of uveitis associated with sarcoidosis, but its sensitivity is relatively low. In this study, we investigated whether serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is also useful as a diagnostic marker, in addition to ACE, in the detection of uveitis associated with sarcoidosis. Patients and Methods Data were analyzed from 126 patients with uveitis (52 sarcoidosis and 74 non-sarcoid uveitis) and 12 with primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) who had their serum sIL-2R and ACE levels measured. Results Serum sIL-2R level was elevated in 69.2% of patients with sarcoid uveitis, 5.4% of those with non-sarcoid uveitis, and 16.7% of those with PIOL. The sensitivity and specificity of an elevated sIL-2R level for the detection of sarcoidosis were 69.2% and 93.0%, respectively. In contrast, serum ACE levels were elevated only in patients with sarcoid uveitis, with a sensitivity of 44.2% and specificity of 100%. Furthermore, serum sIL-2R and/or ACE level was elevated in 75.0% of patients with sarcoid uveitis, which is higher than those who had elevated serum ACE level only (44.2%, P = 0.0025). The sensitivity and specificity of elevated sIL-2R and/or ACE in detecting sarcoid uveitis were 75.0% and 93.0%, respectively. The PPV was 0.87, and the NPV was 0.86. Conclusion Compared with the sensitivity of serum ACE levels alone, combined measurement of both serum sIL-2R and ACE levels improves sensitivity in the detection of uveitis associated with sarcoidosis. Nevertheless, serum ACE alone remains useful thanks to its high specificity in the differentiation of uveitis patients, with sarcoidosis from those without sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Ishihara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ishido
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Etsuko Shibuya
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Turk MA, Hayworth JL, Nevskaya T, Pope JE. Ocular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Connective Tissue Disease, and Vasculitis: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. J Rheumatol 2020; 48:25-34. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases may present with ocular manifestations.The purpose of our work was to determine the prevalence and type of eye involvement in RA and other connective tissue diseases through a metaanalysis and literature review.Methods.A systematic review of the literature was performed using Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from their inceptions until January 7, 2019. Conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xeropthalmia, uveitis, eye hemorrhage, optic neuritis, papilledema, orbital disease, retinal artery/vein occlusion, macular edema, retinitis, chorioretinitis, scleritis, iridocyclitits, choroid hemorrhage, blindness, and amaurosis fugax were searched for prevalence in patients with RA, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), dermatomyositis, polymyositis, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren syndrome (SS), undifferentiated connective tissue disease, giant cell arteritis, granulomatosis polyangiitis (GPA; formerly Wegener granulomatosis), systemic vasculitis, and sarcoidosis.Results.There were 3394 studies identified and 65 included. The prevalence of eye involvement was 18% in RA, 26% in GPA, 27% in giant cell arteritis, 27% in sarcoidosis, 31% in SLE, and 35% in APS. The most common manifestation was dry eye syndrome (“dry eye”; keratoconjunctivitis sicca) in most diseases analyzed, with an especially high frequency of 89% in SS. Anterior and posterior uveitis were the most common ocular complications in sarcoidosis, occurring in 16% (95% CI 3–28) and 6% (95% CI 3–9) of patients, respectively.Conclusion.Eye involvement is present in approximately one-fifth of patients with RA, and a one-quarter to one-third of patients with connective tissue diseases (other than SS at 89%) and vasculitis.
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YKL-40, Soluble IL-2 Receptor, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme and C-Reactive Protein: Comparison of Markers of Sarcoidosis Activity. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030084. [PMID: 30154391 PMCID: PMC6164141 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to describe the clinical, radiological and immunological features of a population of sarcoidosis patients and to analyse chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), neopterin concentrations and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in serum of these patients in order to understand their potential as disease markers. Fifty-nine patients affected by chronic sarcoidosis, in active (20 patients) and inactive (39 patients) phase according to the clinical, radiological and laboratory criteria were studied. Serum YKL-40, sIL-2R, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neopterin levels and ADA activities were evaluated and compared with those of 25 healthy controls. Individuals with chronic sarcoidosis were significantly higher serum YKL-40, sIL-2R, neopterin, hs-CRP concentrations, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ADA activity than those of control subjects. Sarcoidosis patients in the active phase of the disease were significantly higher YKL-40, sIL-2R, hs-CRP levels and ACE activity than those in the inactive phase, while ADA activities and neopterin levels did not display any significant difference between the active and inactive disease groups. In comparison to the other parameters, as panel measurement of the serum YKL-40, sIL-2R, ACE and hs-CRP indicate a greater discrimination between active and inactive disease. The results indicate that serum YKL-40, sIL-2R, ACE and hs-CRP concentrations may be useful marker for monitoring sarcoidosis disease activity.
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Li CW, Tao RJ, Zou DF, Li MH, Xu X, Cao WJ. Pulmonary sarcoidosis with and without extrapulmonary involvement: a cross-sectional and observational study in China. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018865. [PMID: 29453299 PMCID: PMC5829779 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterised by the formation of granulomas within various organs, mainly the lungs. Several studies from different countries have been undertaken to investigate sarcoidosis with extrapulmonary involvement except from China. The objective of this study is to investigate a comparative clinical analysis in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis with and without extrapulmonary involvement from China. METHODS Data from inpatients diagnosed with sarcoidosis at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (Shanghai, China) between January 2009 and December 2014 were retrospectively collected and analysed. Six hundred and thirty-six patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis were included in the study, including 378 isolated pulmonary sarcoidosis and 258 pulmonary sarcoidosis plus extrapulmonary involvement. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-eight (40.6%) patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis had extrapulmonary involvement. Extrapulmonary localisations were detected mostly in extrathoracic lymph nodes (n=147) and skin (n=86). Statistically significant differences were demonstrated between patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis plus extrapulmonary involvement and patients with isolated pulmonary sarcoidosis for fatigue (16.6%vs8.3%, P<0.05), serum ACE (SACE) levels (79.0±46.9 IU/L vs 69.7±38.7 IU/L, P<0.05), and high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings (53.8%vs46.2%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Extrapulmonary involvement is common in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, with the most common sites being extrathoracic lymph nodes and skin. Patients with sarcoidosis with extrapulmonary involvement are more symptomatic (fatigue), have higher SACE levels and more deteriorating HRCT findings, to which clinicians should pay attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru-Jia Tao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Feng Zou
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man-Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jun Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Vanmaris RMM, Rijkers GT. Biological role of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor in sarcoidosis. SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES 2017; 34:122-129. [PMID: 32476833 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v34i2.5369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation. The soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is used as a biomarker for disease severity in sarcoidosis. Moreover, rather than just a biomarker, evidence indicates that sIL-2R could be of biological significance in this disease. The aim of this review is to investigate both its qualities as a biomarker and a potential biological role in sarcoidosis. As a biomarker, the serum level of sIL-2R can be used to distinguish patients from healthy controls, active from inactive disease and to assess treatment success. Additionally, sIL-2R correlates with other biomarkers, including angiotensin-converting enzyme, and with lung function tests and nuclear imaging studies. In sarcoidosis T helper cells and alveolar macrophages are the most likely sources of sIL-2R. While most of the evidence indicates that sIL-2R is generated through proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound IL-2Rα, no endogenous enzyme has been found to be clearly responsible for sIL-2R formation. It is unclear if sIL-2R has immunostimulatory, immunomodulatory or no functional effects, since conflicting results have been reported. Several potential mechanisms of sIL-2R's biological functions include IL-2 sequestration, prolonging IL-2 half-life, preventing activation of resting T cells or increasing affinity of IL-2Rβ for IL-2. The most likely function of sIL-2R is to modify IL-2 signaling. Increased levels of sIL-2R could either promote disease processes, represent an ineffective attempt to resolve the inflammation or have no effect at all. Further research is required to determine its exact role in the disease and thus its usefulness as a therapeutic target. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2017; 34: 122-129).
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi M M Vanmaris
- Science Department, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ger T Rijkers
- Science Department, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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