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Mori T, Rai A, Tsugawa H, Yamada Y, Saito K. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics strategy to explore plant metabolic diversity. Methods Enzymol 2023; 680:247-273. [PMID: 36710013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are expert chemists producing millions of metabolites, only a fraction of which are known to date. Plant metabolomics explores the rationale for highly diverse metabolites evolved and synthesized by plants. Over two-thirds of modern medicines are somehow inspired and/or derived from plants, making the identification of phytochemicals a means of discovering new medicines to challenge existing and emerging diseases. This chapter introduces our established liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach centered around discovering specialized metabolites (so-called secondary metabolites) across broad lineages of nonmodel plant species. Detecting hundreds to thousands of metabolite peaks, including assigning chemical identity, makes metabolomics data generation and analysis a very complex process. Various mass spectrometry techniques are currently being developed to approach the comprehensive metabolome. Among them, untargeted metabolomics can provide new biological insights by simultaneously and unbiasedly measuring and analyzing all detected metabolites. We have provided a hands-on modular account for untargeted plant metabolomics, from preparing plant biological samples to data analysis and processing using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The methods described here offer a foundation and expert opinion on plant metabolome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Amit Rai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan; Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsugawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan; Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Yoshimoto N, Asano T, Kisanuki A, Kanno C, Asanuma M, Yamazaki M, Fujii I, Saito K. The ability of callus tissues induced from three Allium plants to accumulate health-beneficial natural products, S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides. J Nat Med 2022; 76:803-810. [PMID: 35691991 PMCID: PMC10008257 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-Alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides (CSOs), such as methiin, alliin, and isoalliin, are health-beneficial natural products biosynthesized in the genus Allium. Here, we report the induction of multiple callus tissue lines from three Allium vegetables, onion (A. cepa), Welsh onion (A. fistulosum), and Chinese chive (A. tuberosum), and their ability to accumulate CSOs. Callus tissues were initiated and maintained in the presence of picloram and 2-isopentenyladenine as auxin and cytokinin, respectively. For all plant species tested, the callus tissues almost exclusively accumulated methiin as CSO, while the intact plants contained a substantial amount of isoalliin together with methiin. These results suggest that the cellular developmental conditions and the regulatory mechanisms required for the biosynthesis of methiin are different from those of alliin and isoalliin. The methiin content in the callus tissues of onion and Welsh onion was much higher compared to that in the intact plants, and its cellular concentration could be estimated as 1.9-21.7 mM. The activity of alliinase that degrades CSOs in the callus tissues was much lower than that of the intact plants for onion and Welsh onion, but at similar levels as in the intact plants for Chinese chive. Our findings that the callus tissues of onion and Welsh onion showed high methiin content and low alliinase activity highlighted their potential as a plant-based system for methiin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan. .,Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Takashi Asano
- School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Ayuna Kisanuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kanno
- School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Machiko Asanuma
- School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Isao Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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Nakabayashi R, Hashimoto K, Mori T, Toyooka K, Sudo H, Saito K. Spatial metabolomics using imaging mass spectrometry to identify the localization of asparaptine A in Asparagus officinalis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:311-315. [PMID: 34782817 PMCID: PMC8562583 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Spatial metabolomics uses imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to localize metabolites within tissue section. Here, we performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-IMS (MALDI-FTICR-IMS) to identify the localization of asparaptine A, a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, in green spears of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). Spatial metabolome data were acquired in an untargeted manner. Segmentation analysis using the data characterized tissue-type-dependent and independent distribution patterns in cross-sections of asparagus spears. Moreover, asparaptine A accumulated at high levels in developing lateral shoot tissues. Quantification of asparaptine A in lateral shoots using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) validated the IMS analysis. These results provide valuable information for understanding the function of asparaptine A in asparagus, and identify the lateral shoot as a potential region of interest for multiomics studies to examine gene-to-metabolite associations in the asparaptine A biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kei Hashimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sudo
- Medicinal Plant Garden, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Nakabayashi R, Yamada Y, Nishizawa T, Mori T, Asano T, Kuwabara M, Saito K. Tandem Mass Spectrum Similarity-Based Network Analysis Using 13C-Labeled and Non-labeled Metabolome Data to Identify the Biosynthetic Pathway of the Blood Pressure-Lowering Asparagus Metabolite Asparaptine A. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8571-8577. [PMID: 34269574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of asparaptine, a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in vitro, is largely unknown in Asparagus officinalis. To determine which metabolites are involved in the pathway, we performed tandem mass spectrum similarity-based metabolome network analysis using 13C-labeled and non-labeled valine-fed asparagus calluses. We revealed that S-(2-carboxy-n-propyl)-cysteine as an intermediate and two new metabolites as asparaptine analogues, lysine- and histidine-type conjugates, are involved in the pathway. Asparaptine was therefore renamed asparaptine A (arginine type), and the two analogues were named asparaptines B (lysine type) and C (histidine type). Oral feeding of asparaptine A to a hypertensive mouse breed showed that this metabolite lowers both the blood pressure and heart rate within 2 h and the effect of asparaptine A wears off after 2 days. These results suggest that asparaptine A may not only have effects as an ACE inhibitor but also have β-antagonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Asano
- Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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