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Narutaki A, Kahar P, Shimadzu S, Maeda S, Furuya T, Ishizaki K, Fukaki H, Ogino C, Kondo Y. Sucrose Signaling Contributes to the Maintenance of Vascular Cambium by Inhibiting Cell Differentiation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1511-1522. [PMID: 37130085 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce sugars by photosynthesis and use them for growth and development. Sugars are transported from source-to-sink organs via the phloem in the vasculature. It is well known that vascular development is precisely controlled by plant hormones and peptide hormones. However, the role of sugars in the regulation of vascular development is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of sugars on vascular cell differentiation using a vascular cell induction system named 'Vascular Cell Induction Culture System Using Arabidopsis Leaves' (VISUAL). We found that sucrose has the strongest inhibitory effect on xylem differentiation, among several types of sugars. Transcriptome analysis revealed that sucrose suppresses xylem and phloem differentiation in cambial cells. Physiological and genetic analyses suggested that sucrose might function through the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 transcription factor, which is the central regulator of vascular cell differentiation. Conditional overexpression of cytosolic invertase led to a decrease in the number of cambium layers due to an imbalance between cell division and differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that sucrose potentially acts as a signal that integrates environmental conditions with the developmental program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Narutaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Prihardi Kahar
- Department of Chemical and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shunji Shimadzu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shota Maeda
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuya
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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Wang X, Mäkilä R, Mähönen AP. From procambium patterning to cambium activation and maintenance in the Arabidopsis root. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102404. [PMID: 37352651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In addition to primary growth, which elongates the plant body, many plant species also undergo secondary growth to thicken their body. During primary vascular development, a subset of the vascular cells, called procambium and pericycle, remain undifferentiated to later gain vascular cambium and cork cambium identity, respectively. These two cambia are the lateral meristems providing secondary growth. The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem, which give plants mechanical support and transport capacity. Cork cambium produces a protective layer called cork. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the formation of procambium and its gradual maturation to active cambium in the Arabidopsis thaliana root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Mäkilä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Morinaka H, Sakamoto Y, Iwase A, Sugimoto K. How do plants reprogramme the fate of differentiated cells? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102377. [PMID: 37167921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Being able to change cell fate after differentiation highlights the remarkable developmental plasticity of plant cells. Recent studies show that phytohormones, such as auxin and cytokinin, promote cell cycle reactivation, a critical first step to reprogramme mitotically inactive, differentiated cells into organogenic stem cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that wounding provides an additional cue to convert the identity of differentiated cells by promoting the loss of existing cell fate and/or acquisition of new cell fate. Differentiated cells can also alter cell fate without undergoing cell division and in this case, wounding and phytohormones induce master regulators that can directly assign new cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsune Morinaka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Shimadzu S, Furuya T, Kondo Y. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Establishment and Maintenance of Vascular Stem Cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:274-283. [PMID: 36398989 PMCID: PMC10599399 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system plays pivotal roles in transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant body. Primary vasculature is established as a continuous strand, which subsequently initiates secondary growth through cell division. Key factors regulating primary and secondary vascular developments have been identified in numerous studies, and the regulatory networks including these factors have been elucidated through omics-based approaches. However, the vascular system is composed of a variety of cells such as xylem and phloem cells, which are commonly generated from vascular stem cells. In addition, the vasculature is located deep inside the plant body, which makes it difficult to investigate the vascular development while distinguishing between vascular stem cells and developing xylem and phloem cells. Recent technical advances in the tissue-clearing method, RNA-seq analysis and tissue culture system overcome these problems by enabling the cell-type-specific analysis during vascular development, especially with a special focus on stem cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the establishment and maintenance of vascular stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Shimadzu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of
Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku,
Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuya
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of
Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan
University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577 Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of
Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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Piacentini D, Della Rovere F, D’Angeli S, Fattorini L, Falasca G, Betti C, Altamura MM. Convergence between Development and Stress: Ectopic Xylem Formation in Arabidopsis Hypocotyl in Response to 24-Epibrassinolide and Cadmium. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3278. [PMID: 36501318 PMCID: PMC9739498 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic xylary element (EXE) formation in planta is a poorly investigated process, and it is unknown if it occurs as a response to the soil pollutant Cadmium (Cd). The pericycle cells of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl give rise to EXEs under specific hormonal inputs. Cadmium triggers pericycle responses, but its role in EXE formation is unknown. Brassinosteroids (BRs) affect numerous developmental events, including xylogenesis in vitro, and their exogenous application by 24-epibrassinolide (eBL) helps to alleviate Cd-stress by increasing lateral/adventitious rooting. Epibrassinolide's effects on EXEs in planta are unknown, as well as its relationship with Cd in the control of the process. The research aims to establish an eBL role in pericycle EXE formation, a Cd role in the same process, and the possible interaction between the two. Results show that 1 nM eBL causes an identity reversal between the metaxylem and protoxylem within the stele, and its combination with Cd reduces the event. All eBL concentrations increase EXEs, also affecting xylary identity by changing from protoxylem to metaxylem in a concentration-dependent manner. Cadmium does not affect EXE identity but increases EXEs when combined with eBL. The results suggest that eBL produces EXEs to form a mechanical barrier against the pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Piacentini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone D’Angeli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Betti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Iwase A, Umeda M. Preface to the special issue "Stem cell reformation in plants". PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:1-4. [PMID: 35800967 PMCID: PMC9200089 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0000p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Shimadzu S, Furuya T, Ozawa Y, Fukuda H, Kondo Y. Spatio-temporal imaging of cell fate dynamics in single plant cells using luminescence microscope. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e15. [PMID: 37077981 PMCID: PMC10095866 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell fates are spatio-temporally regulated during plant development. Time-lapse imaging of fluorescence reporters is the most widely used method for spatio-temporal analysis of biological processes. However, excitation light for imaging fluorescence reporters causes autofluorescence and photobleaching. Unlike fluorescence reporters, luminescence proteins do not require excitation light, and therefore offer an alternative reporter for long-term and quantitative spatio-temporal analysis. We established an imaging system for luciferase, which enabled monitoring cell fate marker dynamics during vascular development in a vascular cell induction system called VISUAL. Single cells expressing the cambium marker, proAtHB8:ELUC, had sharp luminescence peaks at different time points. Furthermore, dual-color luminescence imaging revealed spatio-temporal relationships between cells that differentiated into xylem or phloem, and cells that transitioned from procambium to cambium. This imaging system enables not only the detection of temporal gene expression, but also facilitates monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics of cell identity transitions at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Shimadzu
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuya
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ozawa
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Author for correspondence: Y. Kondo, E-mail:
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