The comparison of the effect of Transactional Model-based Teaching and Ordinary Education Curriculum- based Teaching programs on stress management among teachers

Development and evaluation of a theory-based health promotion programme aimed at improving retirees' psychological well-being and quality of life: a protocol for a mixed-method study

INTRODUCTION

The changes that retirees experience during their retirement years will challenge their ability to cope, potentially endangering their health and quality of life. This study aims to design and evaluate a theory-based health promotion programme to improve retirees' psychological well-being and quality of life.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

This mixed-method, non-blinded study uses an embedded design. The purposive sampling method will be employed for the qualitative aspect of the study. Qualitative data will be collected at baseline, focusing on retirement adjustment, through semistructured, in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. The data will be analysed using Graneheim and Lundman's qualitative content analysis method. A pre-post test controlled group design will be conducted for the quantitative part of the study. A sample size of 80 is estimated for both the intervention and control groups. Systematic sampling and the block randomisation method will be employed for sampling. The training programme in the intervention group will consist of eight 60 min sessions and environmental support, implemented after assessing the research environment and obtaining approval from the relevant officials. A brief training programme unrelated to the intervention group's focus (home safety) will be implemented for the control group. Quantitative measures will be collected in both groups at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after the intervention. These measures will include self-administered questionnaires covering demographic variables, retirement adjustment, retirement resources, quality of life, coping methods, spiritual well-being and psychological well-being. Analytical statistics will be performed using the generalised linear model, with p values≤0.05 considered significant.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

This protocol has received approval from the ethics committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The research findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts, presentation in abstracts at National and International Scientific Conferences, and data sharing among researchers.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

IRCT20180516039690N2.

Intervention Programs Targeting the Mental Health, Professional Burnout, and/or Wellbeing of School Teachers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

This paper outlines a systematic review and meta-analyses to identify, describe, and evaluate randomised and non-randomised controlled trials of psychological programs targeting the mental health, professional burnout, and/or wellbeing of school classroom teachers. Eighty-eight unique studies were identified for inclusion in the review, and of those 46 were included in the meta-analyses (23 randomised controlled trials). In randomised controlled trials, the programs examined had large effects on stress (g=0.93), and moderate effects on anxiety (g=0.65), depression (g=0.51), professional burnout (g=0.57), and wellbeing (g=0.56) at post. In non-randomised controlled trials, programs had moderate effects on stress (g=0.50), and small effects on anxiety (g=0.38) and wellbeing (g=0.38) at post. Studies were heterogeneous in design and methodological quality was generally poor, particularly in non-randomised controlled trials. There was an inadequate number of comparisons to perform sub-group analyses, meta-regression, or publication bias analyses. Most of the programs examined required significant time, effort, and resources to deliver and complete. These programs may not translate well outside of research trials to real-world contexts due to teachers being time-poor. Priorities for research include using methodologically rigorous designs, developing programs for teachers with teachers (i.e. co-design), and considering implementation factors to ensure feasibility, acceptability, and uptake. Systematic Review Registration Number: PROPSERO - CRD42020159805.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10648-023-09720-w.

The effectiveness of intervention based on the transactional model on improving coping efforts and stress moderators in hemodialysis patients in Tehran: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Present study was conducted to determine the effect of training on coping efforts and stress moderators, based on transactional model of Lazarus and Folkman, in hemodialysis patients.

METHODS

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial on 116 hemodialysis patients referred to dialysis centers in Tehran from May to August 2018. The patients were assigned to two experimental and control groups using a simple randomization method. The intervention included 6 training sessions in the form of coping efforts and moderators of transactional model. Data were collected before and 3 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.

RESULTS

After 3 months training intervention, there was significant increase in the intervention group in the mean scores of coping efforts (P < 0.001), moderators and subscales of emotional regulation from 51.18 ± 20.42 to 64.87 ± 13.18 (P < 0.001), dispositional coping style from 45.56 ± 19.45 to 55.84 ± 18.03 and social support from 49.61 ± 20.14 to 55.55 ± 17.35 (P < 0.005).

CONCLUSION

The training based on transactional model was successful in the increase of social support, dispositional coping style and emotional regulation in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, Nurses and healthcare providers can use this program to help hemodialysis patients to increase their adaptation to the illness and reduce stress.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

IRCT registration number: IRCT20180524039814N1 ; Registration date: 13-08-2018; Registration timing: retrospectively registered: Last update: 13-08-2018.

Factors Related to Behavioral Functioning in Mothers of Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Application of Transactional Model of Stress and Coping

BACKGROUND

Having a child with diabetes creates a great deal of stress for mothers. The transactional model of stress and coping is one of the best conceptual frameworks for stressors.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to investigate factors related to health promoting behaviors based on transactional model in mothers of children with type 1 diabetes.

METHODS

This study was conducted on 180 mothers of children with type 1 diabetes. The data was collected using a multi-sectional questionnaire including demographic characteristics and questions about the model constructs. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and using statistical tests.

RESULTS

The highest mean score was related to interpersonal relationships (13.8 ± 4.5) and the lowest was related to stress management (10.8 ± 4.2). Linear regression model showed that mother's education, information seeking, and social support had a positive effect, and primary appraisal and emotion-focused coping had a negative effect on the mother's health promotion behaviors. In the regression model R-square accounts for 53.7% of the variance.

CONCLUSIONS

The transactional model was an appropriate framework for explaining the coping outcomes in mothers of children with type 1 diabetes. By mothers' attempts to improve attitude about diabetes and reduce their vulnerability, training to use coping strategies, increasing information and inter-sectoral interventions for attracting sufficient support from patients' families can be hopeful in improving mothers' behavioral Functioning.

Coping strategies in Iranian mothers of children with type 1 diabetes

Purpose

Having a child with type 1 diabetes as a stressor causes the use of coping strategies in mothers. The aim of this study was to investigate the coping strategies in mothers of children with type 1 diabetes and their relationship with stress management.

Methods

This study was conducted on mothers of children with type 1 diabetes (N = 180) in Tehran and Karaj (Iran). Data were collected by a multi-sectional questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (v 19) and using statistical tests.

Results

The highest mean score was related to problem-focused coping (22.11) and the lowest was related to emotion-focused coping strategies (12.2). Regression model showed that the variables of mother's age, problem- focused coping, and meaning-based coping had a positive effect, and variables of father's age and emotion-focused coping had a negative effect on stress management in mothers.

Conclusion

Mothers of children with type 1 diabetes can be more successful in their stress management through using problem-focused and meaning-based coping approaches. Hence, the need for continuous education of effective coping strategies to these mothers is felt.