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Wondmagegn T, Girma B, Habtemariam Y. Prevalence and determinants of developmental delay among children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1301524. [PMID: 38628845 PMCID: PMC11018911 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1301524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Developmental delay is a public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. However, there is no summarized evidence in low- and middle-income countries on developmental delay, and primary studies on this issue show varied and inconclusive results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled magnitude of confirmed developmental delay and its determinants among children in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to write this systematic review and meta-analysis. Primary studies were searched from PubMed, PsycINFO, Hinari, Science Direct, African Journal of Online, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, adapted for the cross-sectional studies, was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed by the I2 and Eggers tests, respectively. Due to the high heterogeneity, the random effects model was used for analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to show the association between developmental delay and its determinants. Results The pooled prevalence of confirmed developmental delay was 18.83, 95% CI (15.53-22.12). In the subgroup analysis, a high prevalence of developmental delay [26.69% (95% CI, 15.78-37.60)] was observed in studies performed in Africa. Maternal education [3.04; 95% CI (2.05, 4.52)] and low birth weight [3.61; 95% CI (1.72, 7.57)] were significant determinants of developmental delay. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of developmental delay in low- and middle-income countries was high as compared to that in high-income countries. Maternal education level and weight at birth were significantly associated with developmental delays. Therefore, strategies should be designed to decrease the rate of low birth weight and the number of illiterate mothers living in low- and middle-income countries. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, CRD42024513060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Wondmagegn
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Bekahegn Girma
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef Habtemariam
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Lye MS, Zarghami M, Charati JY, Abdollahi F. Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Iranian Children's Growth and Development: A Descriptive-analytical Study. Oman Med J 2023; 38:e464. [PMID: 36937772 PMCID: PMC10015342 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2023.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by married Iranian women and their impact on the growth and development of their children. Methods For this descriptive-analytical study, we recruited the mothers of one-year-old children attending primary health centers in Gonbad-e-Kavoos city, Iran. The data was collected using a questionnaire comprising the World Health Organization Domestic Violence, Ages and Stages Questionnaire-12; and queries related to the participants' socio-economic, obstetrics, demographic, and anthropometric characteristics. The body mass index z (BMI z) scores of the children were divided into five categories based on the World Health Organization's classification: severely underweight (z < -3), underweight (-3 ≤ z < -2), normal (-2 ≤ z < 1), overweight (1 ≤ z ≤ 2), and obese (z > 2). The data were subjected to descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and regression. Results A total of 596 of mother-child dyads were included in this study. The prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual IPV was 29.5%, 7.4%, and 2.4%, respectively. Most children (91.7%) had normal weight while the rest were overweight or obese. Developmental problems were reported in 1.7% of children. The education level of the father was significantly related to IPV (p =0.001) while the type of his occupation was related to delay in child growth (p =0.020). There was no significant difference between BMI z-score and developmental disabilities in the children of women exposed and not exposed to any type of IPV. Conclusions The prevalence of psychological IPV was high while those of physical and sexual IPV were low. The rates of poor child growth and development were also low. The father's educational and socio-economic status influenced IPV and the children's growth deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munn-Sann Lye
- Department of Community of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mehran Zarghami
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani Charati
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdollahi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Corresponding author:
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Li Y, Li S, Tang L, Bai Y. The effect of ECD program on the caregiver's parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices: based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial in economically vulnerable areas of China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1958. [PMID: 36280809 PMCID: PMC9590161 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first three years of life are the critical and sensitive periods for the formation of individual abilities. However, existing data indicates that early childhood development (ECD) in economically vulnerable areas of China is lagging, which is closely related to the lack of parenting knowledge and poor parenting practices. METHODS We conducted a non-masked cluster-randomized controlled trial in a former nationally designated poverty county of China. All 6-36-month-old children and their caregivers living in 18 communities/clusters (10 towns and 8 districts of the county seat) were enrolled in a 9-month parenting training program. In the treatment-group communities, ECD centers were installed where community workers provided parenting training sessions. If caregivers were unable to visit the center, home-based parenting training was offered. No intervention was provided to the control group. Furthermore, we assigned half of the treatment group to receive monthly developmental feedback in addition to the parenting training. Based on the baseline and follow-up data, we investigated the treatment effects on parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices through Intention-to-Treat (ITT) and Treatment-on-the-Treated (TOT) analyses. RESULTS We found no effects on the parenting knowledge and attitudes of the caregivers but significant effects on the parenting practices. The effects were heterogeneous among families with different characteristics. Specifically, on average, the program had the largest effect on internally oriented caregivers, mothers with higher education, and mothers who are primary caregivers. We want to emphasize that, although the ITT effect on parenting practices (the average treatment effect) were stronger for mothers with higher education, the TOT effect on parenting practices (the local average treatment effect, LATE) were stronger for mothers with less education. That is, even though on average the program helped mothers with higher education, but among complier families, the program benefited mothers with less education. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that, at least in the short run, the program can directly change caregivers' parenting practices without changing their knowledge and attitudes. Future studies are needed to investigate whether parenting knowledge and attitudes can change in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- grid.443621.60000 0000 9429 2040School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, 430073 Wuhan, Hubei Province China
| | - Shanshan Li
- grid.443621.60000 0000 9429 2040 Innovation and Talent Base for Income Distribution and Public Finance, Zhongnan University of economics and law, 430073 Wuhan, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Tang
- grid.412498.20000 0004 1759 8395Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Yu Bai
- grid.411077.40000 0004 0369 0529School of Economics & China Institute for Vitalizing Border Areas and Enriching the People, Minzu University of China, 100081 Beijing, China
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HASANI KHIABANI N, BARZEGAR M, RAEISI S, JALALIAN CHALESHTORI M, HEIDARABADI S, BAHARI GHAREHGOZ A. Comparison of the Performance of Iranian Azeri-Speaking Children Based on Iran and Reference Bayley III Norms. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2022; 16:39-52. [PMID: 35497111 PMCID: PMC9047832 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v16i2.32930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to compare the performance of Iranian Azeri-speaking children based on Iran and the reference of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (Bayley III) norms. MATERIALS & METHODS The total sample included 248 infants and toddlers aged 16 days to 42 months and 15 days. The Iranian version of the Bayley III scale was used in this study. The scaled scores and composite scores in cognitive, language, and motor domains were compared based on Iran and reference Bayley III norms. Then, the proportions of children scoring < -1 standard deviation (SD) and < -2 SD were compared based on the two norms. RESULTS The scaled scores of the study group were higher based on the reference norms in receptive communication, fine motor, and gross motor subtests. The scaled scores were variable in expressive communication and cognitive subtests. The differences were significant for receptive communication and fine motor subtests (P<0.05). Using the reference norms instead of Iran norms resulted in under-referral regarding receptive communication and fine motor subtests. More children scored below 1 and 2 SD using Iran norms in comparison to those reported for using the reference norms. CONCLUSION Iran norms differ significantly from the reference norms over two subscales. It is recommended to use population-specific norms to identify children with developmental delay and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad BARZEGAR
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina RAEISI
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Seifollah HEIDARABADI
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Jalili Moayad S, Mohaqeqi Kamal SH, Sajjadi H, Vameghi M, Ghaedamini Harouni G, Makki Alamdari S. Child labor in Tehran, Iran: Abuses experienced in work environments. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 117:105054. [PMID: 33819823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child labor is exploitative and harmful and deprives children of opportunities for a healthy life. Nonetheless, child labor is prevalent worldwide. Abusive working conditions are common, especially in developing countries. OBJECTIVE This study was designed both to measure the prevalence of abuse in work environments and to identify possible risk and protective factors for such abuse in child laborers in Tehran, Iran. METHOD The researchers conducted this cross-sectional study from September 2018 to May 2019 in Tehran and recruited 250 children from seven child labor support centers. RESULTS The results demonstrated a relatively high rate of abuses experienced in work environments among Iranian child laborers: 77.6 % of children experienced at least one type of abuse, with emotional abuse (70.4 %) as the most frequently experienced abuse followed by neglect (52 %), physical abuse (5.8 %), and sexual abuse (3.6 %). Furthermore, living alone or with a single parent (OR = 3.15, CI 95 %: 1.33-7.45) was a risk factor, while working in home jobs (OR = 2.08, CI 95 %: 1.19-3.63), being male (OR = 0.19, CI 95 %: 0.06-0.55), and being older (OR = 0.32, CI 95 %: 0.17-0.60) were the protective factors of abuses experienced at work among child laborers. CONCLUSION The findings of this study have implications for designing and implementing early interventions to provide less harmful work environments for child laborers. Further, advocacy efforts to prevent and eliminate child labor should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Jalili Moayad
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Homeira Sajjadi
- Social Welfare Management Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meroe Vameghi
- Social Welfare Management Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Makki Alamdari
- West Texas A&M University, Harrington Amarillo Center 380C, Amarillo, TX, USA
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Gholampour T, Noroozi M, Zavoshy R, Mohammadpoorasl A, Ezzeddin N. Relationship Between Household Food Insecurity and Growth Disorders in Children Aged 3 to 6 in Qazvin City, Iran. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2020; 23:447-456. [PMID: 32953640 PMCID: PMC7481058 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2020.23.5.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Food insecurity, which is the inability to obtain food or inadequate food consumption in terms of quality and quantity, has physical and psychological consequences on children's health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between children's growth disorders and food insecurity in Qazvin city, Iran. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 177 cases and 355 controls of children aged 3 to 6 years, who were referred to health centers in Qazvin city. The case group consisted of children with growth disorders. Data were obtained with the 18-item US Department of Agriculture questionnaire, a household socioeconomic questionnaire, a and growth monitoring card. The data were analyzed with using IBM SPSS Version 22.0, by independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression. RESULTS A significant relationship was found between children's growth disorders and household food insecurity with (p<0.05, odds ratio [OR]=17.0, confidence interval [CI]=5.9, 48.8) and without hunger (p<0.05, OR=2.69, CI=1.4, 4.9). There were also significant relationships between children's growth disorders and socioeconomic status (p<0.05, OR=3.4, CI=1.4, 8.5), the duration of breastfeeding (p<0.05, OR=0.94, CI=0.9, 0.98), and children's ages (p<0.05, OR=0.94, CI=0.92, 0.96). Sex and birth order, and the age of the parents was not found to be significantly related with growth disorders. CONCLUSION Lower socioeconomic status and household food insecurity were the important predictors of children's growth disorders. Policymakers should focus more on promoting steady employment and income among family members. Nutritional education for mothers is also recommended, in order to better meet the nutritional needs of the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Gholampour
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mostafa Noroozi
- Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Rosa Zavoshy
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Ezzeddin
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Socioeconomic Status and Child Developmental Delay: A Prospective Cohort Study. SHIRAZ E-MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/semj.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Children with developmental delays are at higher risk of poor health, and lower educational attainment and wellbeing than the normal ones. Objectives: As previous studies had contradictory results regarding the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and child development, the current study aimed at determining this association at the age of 60 months. Methods: The current prospective cohort study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, from summer 2011 to the end of 2016. The study was conducted on 640 mothers registered in the Fars Birth Cohort study. A checklist comprised of social and economic parts was employed. The children’s communication development was also assessed using the ages and stages questionnaire for 60-month-old children. In addition, SES was determined using 25 variables. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 19.0 and partitioning around medoid (PAM) clustering in R 3.5.0 software; P value < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: The majority of the subjects (79.1%) were categorized as the moderate level of SES; 106 (16.56%) children had a delay in at least one developmental domain. The current study results showed that the education level of parents and the occupational status of mothers were significantly associated with delayed communication skills in children (P < 0.05). Delay in communication skills was significantly more prevalent among children whose parents had a low education level (P < 0.05). After controlling other confounders, the relative risk of delay in communication skills was 3.7 times higher among children in the moderate level of SES and almost 10 times higher among the ones in the low level of SES. Conclusions: Children brought up in families with low SES had the highest level of delay in communication skills, followed by the ones in families with moderate SES. Considering the importance of communication skills in children socialization, more attention should be paid to SES of the families with preschool kids. It seems quite reasonable if health policymakers put more emphasis on the communication skills of preschool children.
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AHMADI DOULABI M, SAJEDI F, VAMEGHI R, MAZAHERI MA, AKBARZADEH BAGHBAN A, AFRAZ F. Marital Satisfaction and Depression in Mothers of 3-4 Year Old Children with Developmental Delay in Comparison with Mothers of Normal Children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2019; 13:91-108. [PMID: 31645870 PMCID: PMC6789078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study evaluated the depression and marital satisfaction in mothers of 36-48 months old children with developmental delay in comparison with mothers of normal children. MATERIALS & METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 616 mothers and their children, aged 36 - 48 months, from Apr 2015 to Feb 2016, in some kindergartens in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The children were divided according to the developmental status into two groups of normal development and developmental delay. The following instruments were used: A demographic and children specification questionnaire, marital satisfaction scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation were employed at significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The mean age of children with developmental delay and normal development was 41.94±4.48 and 42.17±5.02 months, respectively. The prevalence of developmental delay in children aged 36-48 months was 17.4% and in normal development children was 82.6%. Developmental delay in boys was 23%. The highest incidence of developmental delays was in fine motor skills. Independent t-test revealed a significant difference between mothers' depression and marital satisfaction with and without developmental delays in their children (P=0.0001). In addition, the correlation was observed between the mother's depression and marital satisfaction (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION Mothers of children with developmental delay suffer more from depression and have less marital satisfaction compared to mothers of healthy children. Interventional studies to reduce depression and increase marital satisfaction and its impact on development status should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh AHMADI DOULABI
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh SAJEDI
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center,University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak VAMEGHI
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center,University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali MAZAHERI
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza AKBARZADEH BAGHBAN
- Proteomics Research Center,Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh AFRAZ
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Selected Risk Factors of Developmental Delay in Polish Infants: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122715. [PMID: 30513831 PMCID: PMC6313560 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite a number of studies on the risk factors of developmental delay (DD) in children conducted in developed countries, Polish data are scarce, which hinder an early diagnosis and initiation of prevention/control measures. Objective: To assess selected risk factors of DD in infants. A case-control survey was conducted in 2017–2018 on 50 infants (≤1 year old) with DD and 104 healthy controls from three outpatient clinics in Szczecin, Poland. Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire distributed among mothers. The most common risk factors in infants with DD were: Caesarian section (68%), infections (46%), and chronic diseases during pregnancy (48%). DD was significantly correlated with maternal infections and chronic diseases during pregnancy (both: p < 0.001), caesarian section (p < 0.001), preterm birth (p = 0.004), birth weight <2500 g (p = 0.03), Apgar score ≤7 (p < 0.01), prolonged hyperbilirubinemia (p < 0.001), and no breast-feeding (p = 0.04). This study reinforces multiple etiologies of DD. Preventive strategies regarding DD in Polish infants should focus on the pre/peri/postnatal risk factors identified in this study. Strategies that prevent and control such risk factors and those on early detection and intervention in high-risk infants are highly recommended.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the State of Kuwait, family physicians and pediatricians are responsible for identifying and referring children at risk of disability. The aims of this study were to better understand physician (1) use of developmental screening instruments, (2) referral practices for children at risk of developmental disability, (3) interpretation of screening results, and (4) anticipatory guidance topics prioritized over child screening. METHODS A nonprobability volunteer, self-selection sample of family physicians, general practitioners, and pediatricians (n = 398) completed a 60-item paper questionnaire. Items assessed included: (1) practitioner familiarity with, belief in, and use of screening instruments; (2) familiarity with early childhood intervention services; (3) perceived barriers to screening implementation; and (4) anticipatory topics prioritized over screening. Logistic regression was used to test a priori hypotheses. RESULTS In general, family doctors and pediatricians practicing in public hospitals and primary health care centers in the State of Kuwait do not use or know how to use a developmental screening instrument, while over half prioritized immunization counseling over child screening. Screening confidence and training on using screening instruments increased the likelihood of tool use. Staff shortages, time constraints, and a perceived lack of Arabic screening instruments were barriers to tool use. CONCLUSION Raising health care providers' awareness of standardized developmental screening instruments and establishment of an early identification system in the State of Kuwait are needed. Standardization and adaptation of technically sound Arabic-language screening tools for use in the State of Kuwait and physician training programs on screening are recommended.
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Sajedi F, Habibi E, Hatamizadeh N, Shahshahanipour S, Malek Afzali H. Early storybook reading and childhood development: A cross-sectional study in Iran. F1000Res 2018; 7:411. [PMID: 30135726 PMCID: PMC6092897 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14078.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Development is a process that continues from childhood to death, and most developmental changes occur during childhood. UNICEF introduced early storybook-reading (ESR) and storytelling as part of child care indicators. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of book-reading to children and its relationship with early childhood development in Iran. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study conducted in Tehran April-May 2017. In total, 272 mothers of children aged 3-30 months, who were referred to health centers, were selected using a convenience sampling method. Exclusion criteria was scoring below the cutoff point of any developmental domains of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). ESR was assessed by checklist and child development was assessed by the ASQ. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The mean number of children's books owned was 10.23±8.642, and 84.75% had at least 3 books. The average book reading, storytelling and singing duration for children was 10±9.65, 11.48±11.756, and 23.88 ±17.880 min per day, respectively. Average book reading, storytelling, and singing duration was significantly greater in children 18-30 months than <17 months. There was a significant relationship between the number of books and a child's age, mother's age, family income, income satisfaction, father's employment, and parents' education. The score of communication domain in the ASQ questionnaire was significantly related to the number of books, duration of reading and storytelling, while problem-solving had a significant relationship only with the number of books (p˂0.05). Based on linear regression, child's age, income, and mother's and father's educational level were models for predicting the number of children's books (p=0.0001 for all). Conclusions: ESR was associated with some developmental domains of communication and problem-solving in the present study. Therefore, creation of ESR culture in Iranian families as an integral part of the life of children is necessary from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Sajedi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Child Neurology Association, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elham Habibi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Hatamizadeh
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shahshahanipour
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Malek Afzali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khandan S, Riazi H, Amir Ali Akbari S, Nasiri M, Montazeri A. Adaptation to maternal role and infant development: a cross sectional study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2018; 36:289-301. [PMID: 29546769 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2018.1437895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the correlation between adaptation to maternal role (AMR) and infant development. BACKGROUND Maternal role is an important key in infant's care and development. Previous findings demonstrated an inconsistency in the effect of the mother's adaptation on each domain of infant's development. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 healthy mothers and healthy infants attending health centres affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2016. Data were collected using the 'AMR in Iranian Primiparous Women Questionnaire' and the 'Ages and Stages Questionnaire' (ASQ). The correlation between adaptation to maternal role and infant development was assessed using partial correlation analysis adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS In all 14 infants had developmental delay giving a prevalence rate of 5.4%. The mean AMR score was 123.9 (SD =13.1) and there was no significant correlation between the AMR total score and infant development (r = 0.06, p = 0.27). However, significant correlation were observed between some aspects of adaptation to maternal role and infant development such as the 'support and consolidation of the couple's relationship' and 'communication' (p = 0.04); the 'concern and anxiety' subscale and 'gross motor skills' (p = 0.03), the 'attachment to the child' subscale and 'personal-social development' (p = 0.02) and the 'emotional development' subscale with 'personal-social development' domain (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that correlation exists between some aspects of adaptation to maternal role and infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samine Khandan
- a School of Nursing and Midwifery , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hedyeh Riazi
- b Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amir Ali Akbari
- b Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Malihe Nasiri
- a School of Nursing and Midwifery , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- c Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research , Tehran , Iran.,d Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center , Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
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Habibi E, Sajedi F, Afzali HM, Hatamizadeh N, Shahshahanipour S, Glascoe FP. Early Childhood Development and Iranian Parents' Knowledge: A Qualitative Study. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:84. [PMID: 29142650 PMCID: PMC5672654 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_159_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood is the most important step throughout the lifespan and it is a critical period continuing to the end of 8-year-old. Mothers' knowledge is one of the important aspects of child development. The goals of this study were to determine the situation of knowledge in Iranian parents about the concept and the importance of early childhood development (ECD) and determining the sources of parental knowledge about ECD from the perspective of parents and grandparents. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted based on the directional content analysis in 2016. The purposive sampling method is utilized to select 24 participants among parents and grandparents in Tehran. The inclusion criteria consisted of speaking in Persian and having a child or grandchild <3-year-old. Data were collected through four focus group discussions and four individual interviews. RESULTS Iranian parental knowledge about integrative ECD is not enough, their knowledge about motor development and speech and language are relatively better, about cognitive development is little and socialemotional is very little. They said parents and other caregivers influence the process of children's development. Parents' knowledge resources about ECD included human resources, physical resources, virtual space, and the media. According to the majority of participants, "pediatricians are the most reliable source of parents' knowledge about ECD" even though the main focus of pediatricians is on treating diseases, physical health, and growth of children. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, the knowledge of Iranian parent is not enough about ECD; therefore, actions must be taken to increase their knowledge in these domains. Parents look for reliable and valid sources to enhance their knowledge and they rely the most on pediatricians in this regard. Therefore, more studies on assessing parents' knowledge in community and the practical methods for knowledge promotion in this field is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Habibi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Sajedi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Malek Afzali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Hatamizadeh
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shahshahanipour
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Azari N, Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Shahshahani S, Karimi H, Kraskian A, Shahrokhi A, Teymouri R, Gharib M. A Psychometric Study of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development in Persian Language Children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2017; 11:50-56. [PMID: 28277556 PMCID: PMC5329760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bayley Scales of infant & toddler development is a well-known diagnostic developmental assessment tool for children aged 1-42 months. Our aim was investigating the validity & reliability of this scale in Persian speaking children. MATERIALS & METHODS The method was descriptive-analytic. Translation- back translation and cultural adaptation was done. Content & face validity of translated scale was determined by experts' opinions. Overall, 403 children aged 1 to 42 months were recruited from health centers of Tehran, during years of 2013-2014 for developmental assessment in cognitive, communicative (receptive & expressive) and motor (fine & gross) domains. Reliability of scale was calculated through three methods; internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, test-retest and interrater methods. Construct validity was calculated using factor analysis and comparison of the mean scores methods. RESULTS Cultural and linguistic changes were made in items of all domains especially on communication subscale. Content and face validity of the test were approved by experts' opinions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was above 0.74 in all domains. Pearson correlation coefficient in various domains, were ≥ 0.982 in test retest method, and ≥0.993 in inter-rater method. Construct validity of the test was approved by factor analysis. Moreover, the mean scores for the different age groups were compared and statistically significant differences were observed between mean scores of different age groups, that confirms validity of the test. CONCLUSION The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development is a valid and reliable tool for child developmental assessment in Persian language children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Azari
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Soleimani
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Vameghi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Sajedi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shahshahani
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Karimi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adis Kraskian
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Shahrokhi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robab Teymouri
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Gharib
- Ph.D Candidate, Faculty of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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15
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AHMADI DOULABI M, SAJEDI F, VAMEGHI R, MAZAHERI MA, AKBARZADEH BAGHBAN A. Socioeconomic Status Index to Interpret Inequalities in Child Development. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2017; 11:13-25. [PMID: 28698723 PMCID: PMC5493825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There have been contradictory findings on the relationship between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and child development although SES is associated with child development outcomes. The present study intended to define the relationship between SES and child development in Tehran kindergartens, Iran. MATERIALS & METHODS This cross-sectional survey studied 1036 children aged 36-60 month, in different kindergartens in Tehran City, Iran, in 2014-2015. The principal factor analysis (PFA) model was employed to construct SES indices. The constructed SES variable was employed as an independent variable in logistic regression model to evaluate its role in developmental delay as a dependent variable. RESULTS The relationship between SES and developmental delay was significant at P=0.003. SES proved to have a significant (P<0.05) impact on developmental delay, both as an independent variable and after controlling risk factors. CONCLUSION There should be more emphasis on developmental monitoring and appropriate intervention programs for children to give them higher chance of having a more productive life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh AHMADI DOULABI
- PhD Candidate of Pediatric, Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh SAJEDI
- Pediatric Department, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak VAMEGHI
- Pediatric Department, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza AKBARZADEH BAGHBAN
- PhD in Biostatistics, Proteomics Research Center, Department of Basic Sciences,School of Rehabilitation Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
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16
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Mardani M, Rezapour S, Ahmadipour S, Mohsenzadeh A, Khalkhali Rad AH, Roosta S, Ebrahimzadeh F. Prevalence of anemia and its risk factors among pregnant women in Khorramabad (Iran) 2010-2014. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:826-829. [PMID: 27149881 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1187126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anemia's adverse effects on physical and behavioral development and on the reduction of efficiency have been proven. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women referred to the health care centers of Khorramabad from 2010 to 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 2821 prenatal care cases of pregnant women referred to health care centers of Khorramabad were studied. Studied variables included the following: hemoglobin, hematocrit, age, parity, trimester of pregnancy status, number of deliveries, number of abortions, number of children, weight, height, time gap from previous delivery, negative RH, history of eclampsia/preeclampsia, coagulation disorder and blood pressure. RESULTS The mean age of the studied women was 26.7 ± 5.5. The mean levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit from the population was 12 ± 1.1 and 36.1 ± 9.2, respectively. The prevalence of anemia was 16.8%. Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women referred to health care centers of Khorramabad was found to be high. CONCLUSIONS Staff working at different parts of health care centers were advised to pay more attention to this problem. They should also try to control and treat anemia by regular distribution of iron supplements among women referred to health care centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mardani
- a Department of Health and Nutrition , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Sadegh Rezapour
- b Department of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran , and
| | - Shokoufeh Ahmadipour
- b Department of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran , and
| | - Azam Mohsenzadeh
- b Department of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran , and
| | - A H Khalkhali Rad
- c Department of Health and Nutrition , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Sajjad Roosta
- c Department of Health and Nutrition , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
| | - Farzad Ebrahimzadeh
- c Department of Health and Nutrition , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran
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