Fernández-Pardo TE, Rodríguez-Nieto MJ, Furió-Valverde M, García-Arrabé M, Mallo-Lopez A, Mahillo-Fernández I, Peces-Barba Romero G. Inspiration Time: The Ultrasound Variable Necessary to Study the Diaphragm Functionality. A Cross-Sectional Controlled Study.
SAGE Open Nurs 2025;
11:23779608251337591. [PMID:
40297479 PMCID:
PMC12035299 DOI:
10.1177/23779608251337591]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction
The diaphragm is considered the main inspiratory muscle, and as such, its assessment is crucial in patients with respiratory pathology. It is known that the contractile capacity of a muscle is determined by strength, length, and the duration of contraction. Although transdiaphragmatic pressure is the gold standard test for its study, ultrasound has been confirmed as a useful tool in clinical practice. Thanks to it, both the strength (diaphragmatic thickness) and the length of movement (diaphragmatic excursion) can be evaluated. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the inspiratory time and the diaphragmatic contraction.
Design
Cross-sectional controlled study.
Methodology
Eighty healthy subjects, yoga practitioners, with no previous respiratory pathology participated in this study. They were asked to take three different types of deep breaths: diaphragmatic with nasal inspiration, pursed-lip inspiration, and ujjayi (nasal inspiration with slight contraction of the glottis). The variables of thickness, excursion, and inspiratory contraction time were taken for each of them by ultrasound.
Results
Diaphragmatic contraction time is the only variable that shows a significant correlation with the other two. Thus, the correlation between inspiratory time and diaphragmatic thickness is significant (p < .001) for the three breaths: diaphragmatic (0.60), ujjayi (0.67), and pursed lips (0.39) and the correlation between inspiratory time and diaphragmatic excursion is significant for diaphragmatic breaths (-0.24, p = .035) and ujjayi (0.27, p = .017), but not in pursed lips (-0.01, p = .90).
Conclusion
The inspiratory contraction time and the diaphragmatic excursion are two essential variables in the dynamic functional evaluation of the diaphragm, compared to the diaphragmatic thickness measurement that only reports its strength.
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