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Li Y, Ma Y, Luo J, Jing J, Zhang X, Luo C, Wang H, Zhao H, Pan D, Luo M. Identifying reference values for serum lipids in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old: A national multicenter study. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:477-487. [PMID: 33931376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current reference values for pediatric dyslipidemia used in China were not developed based on local population studies and did not consider age and sex differences. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to determine suitable reference values for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C) for Chinese children and adolescents using a national multicenter school-based study. METHODS A total of 15,830 students aged 6-17 years were recruited from seven provinces of China. Age- and sex-specific percentile values for each lipid indicator were derived based on levels measured in the fasting state, and percentile curves of each indicator were plotted using the LMS method. RESULTS Serum lipid levels varied considerably with age in both sexes. Among boys, the cut-off value for high TC, nonHDL-C, LDL-C, and TG, based on the value of the 95th percentiles, ranged from 4.58 to 5.39, 3.34 to 3.99, 2.69 to 3.31, and 1.22 to 1.83 mmol/L, respectively; among girls, the cut-off value for high TC, nonHDL-C, LDL-C, and TC ranged from 5.01 to 5.39, 3.66 to 3.97, 2.97 to 3.32, and 1.41 to 1.93 mmol/L, respectively. The cut-point for low HDL-C ranged from 0.84 to 1.08 mmol/L in boys and from 0.89 to 1.04 mmol/L in girls. CONCLUSION These findings may help to determine age- and sex-specific reference values for serum lipids among Chinese children and adolescents and provide valuable guidance for screening of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No.238 Shang Ma Yuan Ling Road, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No.238 Shang Ma Yuan Ling Road, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunyan Luo
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | | | - Dehong Pan
- Liaoning Health Supervision Bureau, Shenyang, China.
| | - Miyang Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No.238 Shang Ma Yuan Ling Road, Changsha 410008, China.
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Sanghera DK, Bejar C, Sharma S, Gupta R, Blackett PR. Obesity genetics and cardiometabolic health: Potential for risk prediction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1088-1100. [PMID: 30667137 PMCID: PMC6530772 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing burden of obesity worldwide and its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is an opportunity for evaluation of preventive approaches. Both obesity and CVD have a genetic background and polymorphisms within genes which enhance expression of variant proteins that influence CVD in obesity. Genome-based prediction may therefore be a feasible strategy, but the identification of genetically driven risk factors for CVD manifesting as clinically recognized phenotypes is a major challenge. Clusters of such risk factors include hyperglycaemia, hypertension, ectopic liver fat, and inflammation. All involve multiple genetic pathways having complex interactions with variable environmental influences. The factors that make significant contributions to CVD risk include altered carbohydrate homeostasis, ectopic deposition of fat in muscle and liver, and inflammation, with contributions from the gut microbiome. A futuristic model depends on harnessing the predictive power of plausible genetic variants, phenotype reversibility, and effective therapeutic choices based on genotype-phenotype interactions. Inverting disease phenotypes into ideal cardiovascular health metrics could improve genetic and epigenetic assessment, and form the basis of a future model for risk detection and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- (Corresponding authors) Dharambir K. Sanghera, Ph.D., F.A.H.A., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm. D317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, , Piers R. Blackett, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,
| | - Cynthia Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sonali Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur 302033, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Academic Research Development Unit, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Kumbha Marg, Pratap Nagar, Jaipur 302033, India
| | - Piers R. Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- (Corresponding authors) Dharambir K. Sanghera, Ph.D., F.A.H.A., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm. D317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, , Piers R. Blackett, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,
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Maistry T, Gordon M, Sartorius B, Naidoo DP. Candidate gene polymorphisms related to lipid metabolism in Asian Indians living in Durban, South Africa. Indian J Med Res 2018; 148:169-179. [PMID: 30381540 PMCID: PMC6206769 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1150_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Asian Indians have been shown to have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), related to insulin resistance and possibly genetic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic patterns associated with MetS in Asian Indians living in Durban, South Africa. METHODS Nine hundred and ninety nine participants from the Phoenix Lifestyle Project underwent clinical, biochemical and genetic assessment. MetS was diagnosed according to the harmonized definition. The apolipoprotein A5 Q139X, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Hinf I, human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) 192Arg/Gln, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B, adiponectin 45T>G and leptin (LEP) 25CAG were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction in participants with and without MetS. Univariate-unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted relations were conducted for all analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was high (49.0%). More females had MetS than males (51.0 vs 42.8%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between participants with MetS and those without. Males with the MetS who had the adiponectin TG genotype and human paraoxonase 1 AA genotype were more likely to have reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P=0.001) and higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.018), respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS About half of the Asian Indians living in Phoenix had MetS. No association between the polymorphisms studied and the risk for MetS was observed. The adiponectin TG genotype may be associated with reduced HDL-C and the human paraoxonase 1 AA genotype with hypertension in males. This suggested that lifestyle factors were the major determinant for MetS in this ethnic group and the genetic risk might be related to its component risk factors than to MetS as an entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Maistry
- Department of Cardiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Michelle Gordon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Benn Sartorius
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Datshana P. Naidoo
- Department of Cardiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ahmadi Z, Senemar S, Toosi S, Radmanesh S. The Association of Lipoprotein Lipase Genes, HindIII and S447X Polymorphisms With Coronary Artery Disease in Shiraz City. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2015; 7:63-7. [PMID: 26191394 PMCID: PMC4492180 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several polymorphisms at the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) locus are associated with variations in LPL activity serum lipid concentrations and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the LPL S447X and HindIII polymorphism in a sample of subjects with CAD and compare them with healthy subjects. METHODS The study enrolled 115 patients and 89 healthy subjects who were recruited from Namazi hospital in 2010-2012. The presence of two common polymorphisms of the LPL gene (HindIII and S447X) was determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using genomic DNA. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS S447X was significantly different between the patients with CAD and the healthy subjects (P < 0.001). But HindIII was not significantly different between the patients with CAD and the healthy subjects (P = 0.741). Risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels had a significant association with CAD. CONCLUSION In our study, the presence of G allele S447X polymorphism increases the TG level and decrease HDL level, so it increases the susceptibility CAD. Moreover, HindIII polymorphism did not have any significant association with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ahmadi
- Human Genetics Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture & Research (ACECR), Fars Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Senemar
- Human Genetics Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture & Research (ACECR), Fars Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Toosi
- Human Genetics Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture & Research (ACECR), Fars Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Salma Radmanesh
- Department of Cardiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abdullah MMH, Jones PJH, Eck PK. Nutrigenetics of cholesterol metabolism: observational and dietary intervention studies in the postgenomic era. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:523-43. [PMID: 26117841 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is a well-defined responder to dietary intakes and a classic biomarker of cardiovascular health. For this reason, circulating cholesterol levels have become key in shaping nutritional recommendations by health authorities worldwide for better management of cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of mortality and one of the most costly health problems globally. Data from observational and dietary intervention studies, however, highlight a marked between-individual variability in the response of cholesterol metabolism to similar dietary protocols, a phenomenon linked to genetic heterogeneity. This review summarizes the postgenomic evidence of polymorphisms within cholesterol-associated genes relative to fasting circulating cholesterol levels under diverse nutritional conditions. A number of cholesterol-related gene-diet interactions are confirmed, which may have clinical importance, supporting a deeper look into the rapidly emerging field of nutrigenetics for meaningful conclusions that may eventually lead to genetically targeted dietary recommendations in the era of personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M H Abdullah
- M.M.H. Abdullah, P.J.H. Jones, and P.K. Eck are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. P.J.H. Jones is with the Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- M.M.H. Abdullah, P.J.H. Jones, and P.K. Eck are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. P.J.H. Jones is with the Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter K Eck
- M.M.H. Abdullah, P.J.H. Jones, and P.K. Eck are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. P.J.H. Jones is with the Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Zhu XC, Lin J, Wang Q, Liu H, Qiu L, Fang DZ. Associations of lipoprotein lipase gene rs326 with changes of lipid profiles after a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in healthy Chinese Han youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:4544-54. [PMID: 24762672 PMCID: PMC4025011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110404544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of a high-carbohydrate and low-fat (HC/LF) diet on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins (Apos) of healthy Chinese Han youth with different genotypes of lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) rs326, 56 subjects were given a washout diet of 30.1% fat and 54.1% carbohydrate for seven days, followed by the HC/LF diet of 13.8% fat and 70.1% carbohydrate for six days, with no total energy restriction. Plasma glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Apo B-100 and Apo A-I were analyzed at baseline and before and after the HC/LF diet. The results show that, when compared with before the HC/LF diet, only the male G carriers experienced increased HDL-C (p = 0.008) and Apo A-I (p = 0.005) after the HC/LF diet. Decreased TC in both males and females and increased TG in females were found regardless of the genotype after the HC/LF diet. LDL-C decreased in all the subjects although the decrease was not significant in the female G carriers. These results demonstrate that the G allele of LPL rs326 associates with the elevated levels of HDL-C and Apo A-I after the HC/LF diet in males of the healthy Chinese Han Youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-chun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ding-zhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Liu H, Lin J, Zhu X, Li Y, Fan M, Zhang R, Fang D. Effects of R219K polymorphism of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 gene on serum lipids ratios induced by a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in healthy youth. Biol Res 2014; 47:4. [PMID: 25027185 PMCID: PMC4060374 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diets are the important players in regulating plasma lipid profiles. And the R219K polymorphism at the gene of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1(ABCA1) was reported to be associated with the profiles. However, no efforts have been made to investigate the changes of lipid profiles after a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in different subjects with different genotypes of this polymorphism. This study was to evaluate the effects of ABCA1 R219K polymorphism on serum lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) ratios induced by a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (high-CHO) diet. After a washout diet of 54.1% carbohydrate for 7 days, 56 healthy young subjects (22.89 ± 1.80 years old) were given a high-CHO diet of 70.1% carbohydrate for 6 days. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apoA-1 and apoB-100 were measured on the 1st, 8th and 14th days of this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratios (WHR), log(TG/HDL-C), TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and apoA-1/apoB-100 were calculated. ABCA1 R219K was analyzed by a PCR-RFLP method. Results The results indicate that the male subjects of all the genotypes had higher WHR than their female counterparts on the 1st, 8th and 14th days of this study. The male K carriers had higher log(TG/HDL-C) and TC/HDL-C than the female carriers on the 1st and 14th days, and higher LDL-C/HDL-C on the 14th day. When compared with that on the 8th day, TC/HDL-C was decreased regardless of the genotypes and genders on the 14th day. Log(TG/HDL-C) was increased in the males with the RR genotype and the female K carriers. Lowered BMI, Glu and LDL-C/HDL-C were found in the male K carriers, but only lowered BMI in the female K carriers and only lowered LDL-C/HDL-C in the females with the RR genotype. Conclusions These results suggest that ABCA1 R219K polymorphism is associated differently in males and females with elevated log(TG/HDL-C) and decreased LDL-C/HDL-C induced by the high-CHO diet.
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