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Bowhay CR, Hanington PC. Animal granulins: In the GRN scheme of things. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:105115. [PMID: 38101714 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Granulins are conserved in nearly all metazoans, with an intriguing loss in insects. These pleiotropic peptides are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes yet have been overwhelmingly examined in mammalian systems. While work in other animal models has been informative, a richer understanding of the proteins should be obtained by integrating knowledge from all available contexts. The main bodies of work described here include 1) the structure-function relationships of progranulin and its cleavage products, 2) the role of expanded granulin gene families and different isoforms in fish immunology, 3) the release of granulin peptides to promote host angiogenesis by parasitic worms, 4) a diversity of molluscan uses for granulins, including immune activation in intermediate hosts to trematodes, 5) knowledge gained on lysosomal functions from C. elegans and the stress-related activities of granulins. We provide an overview of functional reports across the Metazoa to inform much-needed future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Bowhay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Patrick C Hanington
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Granulin A Synergizes with Cisplatin to Inhibit the Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103060. [PMID: 30301274 PMCID: PMC6213591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapy drugs widely used for cancer treatment. However, due to resistance and toxicity, the application of cisplatin for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited. Our previous study has shown that granulin A (GRN A), an anticancer peptide, is able to interact with enolase1 (ENO1) and inhibit the growth of HCC in vitro. In the present study, we studied the synergistic effect of the combination of cisplatin and GRN A for the inhibitory effect on HCC. An 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and Chou-Talalay approaches revealed that the combination of GRN A and cisplatin displayed potent synergistic effect. The colony formation and cell viability of HCC cells were inhibited significantly in cells treated with the combination of cisplatin and GRN A, compared with cells treated with cisplatin or GRN A alone. Overexpression of ENO1 diminished the synergistic effect of GRN A and cisplatin in HCC cells. The combination of the two drugs exhibited a more obvious inhibitory effect on cancer cell apoptosis, as analyzed by the cytometry flow, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and western blot analysis. An in vivo study confirmed that the combined use of the two drugs displayed more potent antitumor activity compared to mice treated with cisplatin and GRN A alone; the inhibitory rate of tumor growth was 65.46% and 68.94%, respectively, in mice treated with GRN A and cisplatin. However, the inhibitory rate increased to 86.63% in mice treated with the combination of the two drugs. This study provides evidence that the combination of GRN A and cisplatin is able to sensitize the liver cancer to cisplatin, and that targeting ENO1 is a promising approach for enhancing the antitumor activity of cisplatin.
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Dastpeyman M, Bansal PS, Wilson D, Sotillo J, Brindley PJ, Loukas A, Smout MJ, Daly NL. Structural Variants of a Liver Fluke Derived Granulin Peptide Potently Stimulate Wound Healing. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8746-8753. [PMID: 30183294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Granulins are a family of growth factors involved in cell proliferation. The liver-fluke granulin, Ov-GRN-1, isolated from a carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, can significantly accelerate wound repair in vivo and in vitro. However, it is difficult to express Ov-GRN-1 in recombinant form at high yield, impeding its utility as a drug lead. Previously we reported that a truncated analogue ( Ov-GRN12-35_3s) promotes healing of cutaneous wounds in mice. NMR analysis of this analogue indicates the presence of multiple conformations, most likely as a result of proline cis/ trans isomerization. To further investigate whether the proline residues are involved in adopting the multiple confirmations, we have synthesized analogues involving mutation of the proline residues. We have shown that the proline residues have a significant influence on the structure, activity, and folding of Ov-GRN12-35_3s. These results provide insight into improving the oxidative folding yield and bioactivity of Ov-GRN12-35_3s and might facilitate the development of a novel wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Dastpeyman
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , QLD 4870 , Australia
| | - Paramjit S Bansal
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , QLD 4870 , Australia
| | - David Wilson
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , QLD 4870 , Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , QLD 4870 , Australia
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , George Washington University , Washington, D.C. 20052 , United States
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , QLD 4870 , Australia
| | - Michael J Smout
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , QLD 4870 , Australia
| | - Norelle L Daly
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , QLD 4870 , Australia
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Dastpeyman M, Smout MJ, Wilson D, Loukas A, Daly NL. Folding of granulin domains. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Dastpeyman
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University; Cairns Queensland Australia
| | - Michael J. Smout
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University; Cairns Queensland Australia
| | - David Wilson
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University; Cairns Queensland Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University; Cairns Queensland Australia
| | - Norelle L. Daly
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University; Cairns Queensland Australia
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Chen X, Xu H, Wu N, Liu X, Qiao G, Su S, Tian Y, Yuan R, Li C, Liu X, Lin X. Interaction between granulin A and enolase 1 attenuates the migration and invasion of human hepatoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30305-30316. [PMID: 28415822 PMCID: PMC5444744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulin A (GRN A), a peptide with a molecular 6 kDa, is derived from proteolysis of progranulin (PGRN). Previous study in our laboratory has shown that GRN A is able to inhibit cancer cell growth significantly. In the present study, we confirmed that GRN A can bind to α-enolase (ENO1) specifically as analyzed using Pull-down/MS approaches. The interaction of GRN A with ENO1 was further confirmed by Western blotting and Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. Treatment of human HepG-2 cells with GRN A inhibited cancer cell growth as well as migration and invasion of cancer cells as analyzed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) and Scratch wound healing assay as well as Transwell experiments. Additionally, GRN A treatment results in augmentation of glucose uptake in cancer cells. Further study reveals that higher expression of ENO1 reversed the inhibitory effects of GRN A on migration and invasion of HepG-2 cells. The increase of glucose uptake, as well as the expression of apoptosis-related genes, is also reversed in cells overexpressing ENO1. The study provides solid evidence that there is the interaction between GRN A and ENO1 and the interaction is responsible for the effects of GRN A on glucose uptake as well as cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huanli Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gan Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuonan Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ru Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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