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Zhang G, Ye F, Yang Y, Xiong D, Zhi W, Wu Y, Sun Y, Zeng J, Liu W. Identification of a novel mutation in chibby family member 2 in a non-obstructive azoospermic patient. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100891. [PMID: 38733656 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Azoospermia constitutes a significant factor in male infertility, defined by the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, afflicting 15% of infertile men. However, a subset of azoospermic cases remains unattributed to known genetic variants. Prior investigations have identified the chibby family member 2 (CBY2) as prominently and specifically expressed in the testes of both humans and mice, implicating its potential involvement in spermatogenesis. In this study, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on an infertile family to uncover novel genetic factors contributing to azoospermia. Our analysis revealed a homozygous c .355 C>A variant of CBY2 in a non-obstructive azoospermic patient. This deleterious variant significantly diminished the protein expression of CBY2 both in vivo and in vitro, leading to a pronounced disruption of spermatogenesis at the early round spermatid stage post-meiosis. This disruption was characterized by a nearly complete loss of elongating and elongated spermatids. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the interaction between CBY2 and Piwi-like protein 1 (PIWIL1). Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed the co-localization of CBY2 and PIWIL1 in the testes during the spermatogenic process in both humans and mice. Additionally, diminished PIWIL1 expression was observed in the testicular tissue from the affected patient. Our findings suggest that the homozygous c .355 C>A variant of CBY2 compromises CBY2 function, contributing to defective spermatogenesis at the round spermiogenic stage and implicating its role in the pathogenesis of azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Reproduction Medical Center of West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Weiwei Zhi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Yongkang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiuzhi Zeng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China.
| | - Weixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China.
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2
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Ruprecht NA, Singhal S, Sens D, Singhal SK. Translating genetic findings to epigenetics: identifying the mechanisms associated with aging after high-radiation exposure on earth and in space. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333222. [PMID: 38584916 PMCID: PMC10995328 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exposure to radiation is a health concern within and beyond the Earth's atmosphere for aircrew and astronauts in their respective austere environments. The biological effects of radiation exposure from a multiomics standpoint are relatively unexplored and stand to shed light on tailored monitoring and treatment for those in these career fields. To establish a reference variable for genetic damage, biological age seems to be closely associated with the effect of radiation. Following a genetic-based study, this study explores the epigenetic landscape of radiation exposure along with its associative effects on aging processes. Methods We imported the results of the genetics-based study that was a secondary analysis of five publicly available datasets (noted as Data1). The overlap of these genes with new data involving methylation data from two datasets (noted as Data2) following similar secondary analysis procedures is the basis of this study. We performed the standard statistical analysis on these datasets along with supervised and unsupervised learning to create preranked gene lists used for functional analysis in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results There were 664 genes of interest from Data1 and 577 genes from Data2. There were 40 statistically significant methylation probes within 500 base pairs of the gene's transcription start site and 10 probes within 100 base pairs, which are discussed in depth. IPA yielded 21 significant pathways involving metabolism, cellular development, cell death, and diseases. Compared to gold standards for gestational age, we observed relatively low error and standard deviation using newly identified biomarkers. Conclusion We have identified 17 methylated genes that exhibited particular interest and potential in future studies. This study suggests that there are common trends in oxidative stress, cell development, and metabolism that indicate an association between aging processes and the effects of ionizing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Ruprecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sonalika Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Donald Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sandeep K. Singhal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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3
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Santiago J, Silva JV, Santos MAS, Fardilha M. Age-Dependent Alterations in Semen Parameters and Human Sperm MicroRNA Profile. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2923. [PMID: 38001924 PMCID: PMC10669352 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The trend to delay parenthood is increasing, impacting fertility and reproductive outcomes. Advanced paternal age (APA), defined as men's age above 40 years at conception, has been linked with testicular impairment, abnormal semen parameters, and poor reproductive and birth outcomes. Recently, the significance of sperm microRNA for fertilization and embryonic development has emerged. This work aimed to investigate the effects of men's age on semen parameters and sperm microRNA profiles. The ejaculates of 333 Portuguese men were collected between 2018 and 2022, analyzed according to WHO guidelines, and a density gradient sperm selection was performed. For microRNA expression analysis, 16 normozoospermic human sperm samples were selected and divided into four age groups: ≤30, 31-35, 36-40, and >40 years. microRNA target genes were retrieved from the miRDB and TargetScan databases and Gene Ontology analysis was performed using the DAVID tool. No significant correlation was found between male age and conventional semen parameters, except for volume. Fifteen differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) between groups were identified. Enrichment analysis suggested the involvement of DEMs in the sperm of men with advanced age in critical biological processes like embryonic development, morphogenesis, and male gonad development. Targets of DEMs were involved in signaling pathways previously associated with the ageing process, including cellular senescence, autophagy, insulin, and mTOR pathways. These results suggest that although conventional semen parameters were not affected by men's age, alterations in microRNA regulation may occur and be responsible for poor fertility and reproductive outcomes associated with APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Santiago
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.V.S.); (M.A.S.S.)
| | - Joana V. Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.V.S.); (M.A.S.S.)
| | - Manuel A. S. Santos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.V.S.); (M.A.S.S.)
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, MIA-Portugal, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.V.S.); (M.A.S.S.)
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Anisimova AS, Kolyupanova NM, Makarova NE, Egorov AA, Kulakovskiy IV, Dmitriev SE. Human Tissues Exhibit Diverse Composition of Translation Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098361. [PMID: 37176068 PMCID: PMC10179197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While protein synthesis is vital for the majority of cell types of the human body, diversely differentiated cells require specific translation regulation. This suggests the specialization of translation machinery across tissues and organs. Using transcriptomic data from GTEx, FANTOM, and Gene Atlas, we systematically explored the abundance of transcripts encoding translation factors and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSases) in human tissues. We revised a few known and identified several novel translation-related genes exhibiting strict tissue-specific expression. The proteins they encode include eEF1A1, eEF1A2, PABPC1L, PABPC3, eIF1B, eIF4E1B, eIF4ENIF1, and eIF5AL1. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a pervasive tissue-specific relative abundance of translation machinery components (e.g., PABP and eRF3 paralogs, eIF2B and eIF3 subunits, eIF5MPs, and some ARSases), suggesting presumptive variance in the composition of translation initiation, elongation, and termination complexes. These conclusions were largely confirmed by the analysis of proteomic data. Finally, we paid attention to sexual dimorphism in the repertoire of translation factors encoded in sex chromosomes (eIF1A, eIF2γ, and DDX3), and identified the testis and brain as organs with the most diverged expression of translation-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Anisimova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia M Kolyupanova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E Makarova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artyom A Egorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V Kulakovskiy
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117971 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Laboratory of Regulatory Genomics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Doneti R, Pasha A, Botlagunta M, Heena SK, Mutyala VVVP, Pawar SC. Molecular docking, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 7-azaindole-derivative (7AID) as novel anti-cancer agent and potent DDX3 inhibitor:-an in silico and in vitro approach. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:179. [PMID: 36048256 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The DEAD-box helicase family member DDX3 is involved in many diseases, such as viral infection, inflammation, and cancer. Many studies in the last decade have revealed the role of DDX3 in tumorigenesis and metastasis. DDX3 has both tumour suppressor and oncogenic effect, in the present study we have evaluated the expression levels of DDX3 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma at mRNA level via real-time PCR and protein level via Immunohistochemistry. DDX3 has become a molecule of interest in cancer biology that promotes drug resistance by adaptive response inevitably leading to treatment failure. One approach to avoid the development of resistant to disease is to create novel drugs that target the overexpressed proteins, we designed and synthesized a novel 7-azaindole derivative (7-AID) compound, {5-[1H-pyrrolo (2, 3-b) pyridin-5-yl] pyridin-2-ol]} that could lodge within the adenosine-binding pocket of the DDX3 (PDB ID: 2I4I). The binding efficacy of 7-AID compound with DDX3 was analysed by molecular docking studies. 7-AID was found to interact with the key residues Tyr200 and Arg202 from the Q-motif rendered by π-interactions and hydrogen bonds within the binding pocket with good docking score - 7.99 kcal/mol. The cytotoxicity effect of 7-AID compound was evaluated using MTT assay on human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA MB-231) and the compound shown effective inhibitory concentration (IC50) on Hela cells 16.96 µM/ml and 14.12 and 12.69 µM/ml on MCF-7 and MDA MB-231, respectively. Further, the in-vitro, in-vivo anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic assessment of 7-AID compound was evaluated on Hela cells using scratch wound-healing assay, DAPI staining, cell cycle analysis, immunoblotting, and chorioallontoic membrane assay. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of derivative compound on DDX3 was investigated in HeLa, MCF-7, and MDA MB-231 cells at the mRNA and protein levels. The results showed that the 7-AID compound effectively inhibited DDX3 in a dose-dependent manner, and the findings suggest that the compound could be used as a potential DDX3 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Doneti
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Akbar Pasha
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Mahendran Botlagunta
- School of Biosciences Engineering and Technology, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 466114, India
| | - S K Heena
- Department of Pathology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500095, India
| | | | - Smita C Pawar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.
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Brai A, Trivisani CI, Poggialini F, Pasqualini C, Vagaggini C, Dreassi E. DEAD-Box Helicase DDX3X as a Host Target against Emerging Viruses: New Insights for Medicinal Chemical Approaches. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10195-10216. [PMID: 35899912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, globalization, global warming, and population aging have contributed to the spread of emerging viruses, such as coronaviruses (COVs), West Nile (WNV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV). The number of reported infections is increasing, and considering the high viral mutation rate, it is conceivable that it will increase significantly in the coming years. The risk caused by viruses is now more evident due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the need to find new broad-spectrum antiviral agents able to tackle the present pandemic and future epidemics. DDX3X helicase is a host factor required for viral replication. Selective inhibitors have been identified and developed into broad-spectrum antivirals active against emerging pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 and most importantly against drug-resistant strains. This perspective describes the inhibitors identified in the last years, highlighting their therapeutic potential as innovative broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
| | | | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena Italy
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7
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Calvert JK, Fendereski K, Ghaed M, Bearelly P, Patel DP, Hotaling JM. The male infertility evaluation still matters in the era of high efficacy assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:34-46. [PMID: 35725120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Today's reproductive endocrinology and infertility providers have many tools at their disposal when it comes to achieving pregnancy. In the setting of highly efficacious assisted reproductive technology, it is natural to assume that male factor infertility can be overcome by acquiring sperm and then bypassing the male evaluation. In this review, we go through guideline statements and a stepwise male factor infertility evaluation to propose that a thorough male evaluation remains important to optimize pregnancy and live birth. The foundation of this parallel evaluation is referral to a reproductive urologist for the optimization of the male partner, for advanced diagnostics and interventions, and for the detection of other underlying male pathology. We also discuss what future developments might have an impact on the workup of the infertile male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Calvert
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kiarad Fendereski
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mohammadali Ghaed
- Urology Department, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Priyanka Bearelly
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Darshan P Patel
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego Health, San Diego, California
| | - James M Hotaling
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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8
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Kotov AA, Bazylev SS, Adashev VE, Shatskikh AS, Olenina LV. Drosophila as a Model System for Studying of the Evolution and Functional Specialization of the Y Chromosome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4184. [PMID: 35457001 PMCID: PMC9031259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y chromosome is one of the sex chromosomes found in males of animals of different taxa, including insects and mammals. Among all chromosomes, the Y chromosome is characterized by a unique chromatin landscape undergoing dynamic evolutionary change. Being entirely heterochromatic, the Y chromosome as a rule preserves few functional genes, but is enriched in tandem repeats and transposons. Due to difficulties in the assembly of the highly repetitive Y chromosome sequence, deep analyses of Y chromosome evolution, structure, and functions are limited to a few species, one of them being Drosophila melanogaster. Despite Y chromosomes exhibiting high structural divergence between even closely related species, Y-linked genes have evolved convergently and are mainly associated with spermatogenesis-related activities. This indicates that male-specific selection is a dominant force shaping evolution of Y chromosomes across species. This review presents our analysis of current knowledge concerning Y chromosome functions, focusing on recent findings in Drosophila. Here we dissect the experimental and bioinformatics data about the Y chromosome accumulated to date in Drosophila species, providing comparative analysis with mammals, and discussing the relevance of our analysis to a wide range of eukaryotic organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ludmila V. Olenina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (S.S.B.); (V.E.A.); (A.S.S.)
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9
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Zhang X, Liao Z, Tang S, Yuan Z, Li F, Yue X. A mutation modulating DDX3Y gene expression cosegregates with the major Y-chromosomal haplogroups and with testis size in Hu sheep. Anim Genet 2021; 53:193-202. [PMID: 34963194 DOI: 10.1111/age.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the Y-chromosome are usually correlated with male-specific traits. However, this condition has been described only sporadically, even in human genetics. The present study was conducted to clone the full-length gene sequence of ovine DEAD-box helicase 3, Y-linked (DDX3Y), and investigate the effect of the expression and variation of DDX3Y on the reproductive traits of Hu sheep. Consequently, we identified the full coding sequence and genomic sequence of ovine DDX3Y. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that ovine DDX3Y was highly expressed in testis, and the expression level increased during testicular development. Furthermore, individuals with larger testis at 6 months expressed significantly more DDX3Y mRNA in the testis than individuals with smaller testis. Notably, a novel SNP (g. 12657 C>A) in the 3' untranslated region was identified in Hu sheep and Tan sheep according to the investigation of the full DDX3Y genomic sequence of 1069 individuals from nine sheep breeds. Association analysis revealed that the SNP was significantly related to testis size in Hu sheep. Meanwhile, Hu rams with the derived C allele showed significantly higher expression levels of DDX3Y in testis than those with the ancestral A allele. In addition, data mining in a previous study showed that the C allele cosegregated with the globally major Y-chromosomal haplogroups y-HA and y-HC, and the A allele is found in all rams with haplogroups y-HB1, y-HB2 and y-HD. This study suggests that the association of the Y-chromosomal haplogroups with testis size in Hu sheep can be extrapolated to the sheep population worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangpeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Lee SR, Lee TH, Song SH, Kim DS, Choi KH, Lee JH, Kim DK. Update on genetic screening and treatment for infertile men with genetic disorders in the era of assisted reproductive technology. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2021; 48:283-294. [PMID: 34875735 PMCID: PMC8651766 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2021.04476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A genetic etiology of male infertility is identified in fewer than 25% of infertile men, while 30% of infertile men lack a clear etiology, resulting in a diagnosis of idiopathic male infertility. Advances in reproductive genetics have provided insights into the mechanisms of male infertility, and a characterization of the genetic basis of male infertility may have broad implications for understanding the causes of infertility and determining the prognosis, optimal treatment, and management of couples. In a substantial proportion of patients with azoospermia, known genetic factors contribute to male infertility. Additionally, the number of identified genetic anomalies in other etiologies of male infertility is growing through advances in whole-genome amplification and next-generation sequencing. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview of the indications for appropriate genetic tests, summarize the characteristics of chromosomal and genetic diseases, and discuss the treatment of couples with genetic infertility by microdissection-testicular sperm extraction, personalized hormone therapy, and in vitro fertilization with pre-implantation genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ryeol Lee
- Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Urology, Fertility Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Song
- Department of Urology, Fertility Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Suk Kim
- Department of Urology, Fertility Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Choi
- Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Dae Keun Kim
- Department of Urology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Venkataramanan S, Gadek M, Calviello L, Wilkins K, Floor SN. DDX3X and DDX3Y are redundant in protein synthesis. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:1577-1588. [PMID: 34535544 PMCID: PMC8594478 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078926.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
DDX3 is a DEAD-box RNA helicase that regulates translation and is encoded by the X- and Y-linked paralogs DDX3X and DDX3Y While DDX3X is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues and essential for viability, DDX3Y is male-specific and shows lower and more variable expression than DDX3X in somatic tissues. Heterozygous genetic lesions in DDX3X mediate a class of developmental disorders called DDX3X syndrome, while loss of DDX3Y is implicated in male infertility. One possible explanation for female-bias in DDX3X syndrome is that DDX3Y encodes a polypeptide with different biochemical activity. In this study, we use ribosome profiling and in vitro translation to demonstrate that the X- and Y-linked paralogs of DDX3 play functionally redundant roles in translation. We find that transcripts that are sensitive to DDX3X depletion or mutation are rescued by complementation with DDX3Y. Our data indicate that DDX3X and DDX3Y proteins can functionally complement each other in the context of mRNA translation in human cells. DDX3Y is not expressed in a large fraction of the central nervous system. These findings suggest that expression differences, not differences in paralog-dependent protein synthesis, underlie the sex-bias of DDX3X-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivats Venkataramanan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Margaret Gadek
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Lorenzo Calviello
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Kevin Wilkins
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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12
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O’Reilly J, Ono‐Moore KD, Chintapalli SV, Rutkowsky JM, Tolentino T, Lloyd KCK, Olfert IM, Adams SH. Sex differences in skeletal muscle revealed through fiber type, capillarity, and transcriptomics profiling in mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15031. [PMID: 34545692 PMCID: PMC8453262 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle anatomy and physiology are sexually dimorphic but molecular underpinnings and muscle-specificity are not well-established. Variances in metabolic health, fitness level, sedentary behavior, genetics, and age make it difficult to discern inherent sex effects in humans. Therefore, mice under well-controlled conditions were used to determine female and male (n = 19/sex) skeletal muscle fiber type/size and capillarity in superficial and deep gastrocnemius (GA-s, GA-d), soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and plantaris (PLT), and transcriptome patterns were also determined (GA, SOL). Summed muscle weight strongly correlated with lean body mass (r2 = 0.67, p < 0.0001, both sexes). Other phenotypes were muscle-specific: e.g., capillarity (higher density, male GA-s), myofiber size (higher, male EDL), and fiber type (higher, lower type I and type II prevalences, respectively, in female SOL). There were broad differences in transcriptomics, with >6000 (GA) and >4000 (SOL) mRNAs differentially-expressed by sex; only a minority of these were shared across GA and SOL. Pathway analyses revealed differences in ribosome biology, transcription, and RNA processing. Curation of sexually dimorphic muscle transcripts shared in GA and SOL, and literature datasets from mice and humans, identified 11 genes that we propose are canonical to innate sex differences in muscle: Xist, Kdm6a, Grb10, Oas2, Rps4x (higher, females) and Ddx3y, Kdm5d, Irx3, Wwp1, Aldh1a1, Cd24a (higher, males). These genes and those with the highest "sex-biased" expression in our study do not contain estrogen-response elements (exception, Greb1), but a subset are proposed to be regulated through androgen response elements. We hypothesize that innate muscle sexual dimorphism in mice and humans is triggered and then maintained by classic X inactivation (Xist, females) and Y activation (Ddx3y, males), with coincident engagement of X encoded (Kdm6a) and Y encoded (Kdm5d) demethylase epigenetic regulators that are complemented by modulation at some regions of the genome that respond to androgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana O’Reilly
- Division of Exercise PhysiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | | | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Todd Tolentino
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Mouse Biology ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - K. C. Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Mouse Biology ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - I. Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise PhysiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic ScienceUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Chen M, Asanuma M, Takahashi M, Shichino Y, Mito M, Fujiwara K, Saito H, Floor SN, Ingolia NT, Sodeoka M, Dodo K, Ito T, Iwasaki S. Dual targeting of DDX3 and eIF4A by the translation inhibitor rocaglamide A. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:475-486.e8. [PMID: 33296667 PMCID: PMC8052261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The translation inhibitor rocaglamide A (RocA) has shown promising antitumor activity because it uniquely clamps eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A onto polypurine RNA for selective translational repression. As eIF4A has been speculated to be a unique target of RocA, alternative targets have not been investigated. Here, we reveal that DDX3 is another molecular target of RocA. Proximity-specific fluorescence labeling of an O-nitrobenzoxadiazole-conjugated derivative revealed that RocA binds to DDX3. RocA clamps the DDX3 protein onto polypurine RNA in an ATP-independent manner. Analysis of a de novo-assembled transcriptome from the plant Aglaia, a natural source of RocA, uncovered the amino acid critical for RocA binding. Moreover, ribosome profiling showed that because of the dominant-negative effect of RocA, high expression of eIF4A and DDX3 strengthens translational repression in cancer cells. This study indicates that sequence-selective clamping of DDX3 and eIF4A, and subsequent dominant-negative translational repression by RocA determine its tumor toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Miwako Asanuma
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mari Takahashi
- Laboratory for Translation Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shichino
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mari Mito
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujiwara
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hironori Saito
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas T Ingolia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Ito
- Laboratory for Translation Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwasaki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan.
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14
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Xiao Y, Sosa F, de Armas LR, Pan L, Hansen PJ. An improved method for specific-target preamplification PCR analysis of single blastocysts useful for embryo sexing and high-throughput gene expression analysis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3722-3735. [PMID: 33455782 PMCID: PMC8050830 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression analysis in preimplantation embryos has been used for answering fundamental questions related to development, prediction of pregnancy outcome, and other topics. Limited amounts of mRNA in preimplantation embryos hinders progress in studying the preimplantation embryo. Here, a method was developed involving direct synthesis and specific-target preamplification (STA) of cDNA for gene expression analysis in single blastocysts. Effective cell lysis and genomic DNA removal steps were incorporated into the method. In addition, conditions for real-time PCR of cDNA generated from these processes were improved. By using this system, reliable embryo sexing results based on expression of sex-chromosome linked genes was demonstrated. Calibration curve analysis of PCR results using the Fluidigm Biomark microfluidic platform (Fluidigm, South San Francisco, CA) was performed to evaluate 96 STA cDNA from single blastocysts. In total, 93.75% of the genes were validated. Robust amplification was detected even when STA cDNA from a single blastocyst was diluted 1,024-fold. Further analysis showed that within-assay variation increased when cycle threshold values exceeded 18. Overall, STA quantitative real-time PCR analysis was shown to be useful for analysis of gene expression of multiple specific targets in single blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910
| | - Froylan Sosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910
| | - Lesley R de Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910.
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15
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Bazylev SS, Adashev VE, Shatskikh AS, Olenina LV, Kotov AA. Somatic Cyst Cells as a Microenvironment for the Maintenance and Differentiation of Germline Cells in Drosophila Spermatogenesis. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Perfetto M, Xu X, Lu C, Shi Y, Yousaf N, Li J, Yien YY, Wei S. The RNA helicase DDX3 induces neural crest by promoting AKT activity. Development 2021; 148:dev.184341. [PMID: 33318149 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA helicase DDX3 have emerged as a frequent cause of intellectual disability in humans. Because many individuals carrying DDX3 mutations have additional defects in craniofacial structures and other tissues containing neural crest (NC)-derived cells, we hypothesized that DDX3 is also important for NC development. Using Xenopus tropicalis as a model, we show that DDX3 is required for normal NC induction and craniofacial morphogenesis by regulating AKT kinase activity. Depletion of DDX3 decreases AKT activity and AKT-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, leading to reduced levels of β-catenin and Snai1: two GSK3β substrates that are crucial for NC induction. DDX3 function in regulating these downstream signaling events during NC induction is likely mediated by RAC1, a small GTPase whose translation depends on the RNA helicase activity of DDX3. These results suggest an evolutionarily conserved role of DDX3 in NC development by promoting AKT activity, and provide a potential mechanism for the NC-related birth defects displayed by individuals harboring mutations in DDX3 and its downstream effectors in this signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Perfetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Congyu Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Natasha Yousaf
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jiejing Li
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yvette Y Yien
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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17
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Discrete roles of RNA helicases in human male germline and spermatogenesis. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:415-419. [PMID: 32328902 PMCID: PMC7413869 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
RNA helicases are known from their ability to bind and unwind double-stranded RNA initiating RNA processing events. These evolutionary conserved RNA binding proteins are broadly expressed in a variety of tissues; however, we can distinguish those, which represent tissue-specific expression pattern and play unique roles in certain cell lineages. For instance, some RNA helicases mediate transcriptomic changes triggering cell differentiation which results in specification and establishment of germline in a developing embryo. Others act as safeguards responsible for maintenance of DNA integrity in germ cell. In this article, we focus on selected DEAD/DEAH-box RNA helicases involved in germline development and spermatogenesis presenting their diverse functions and implications for male fertility.
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18
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The Drosophila RNA Helicase Belle (DDX3) Non-Autonomously Suppresses Germline Tumorigenesis Via Regulation of a Specific mRNA Set. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030550. [PMID: 32111103 PMCID: PMC7140462 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX3 subfamily DEAD-box RNA helicases are essential developmental regulators of RNA metabolism in eukaryotes. belle, the single DDX3 ortholog in Drosophila, is required for fly viability, fertility, and germline stem cell maintenance. Belle is involved both in translational activation and repression of target mRNAs in different tissues; however, direct targets of Belle in the testes are essentially unknown. Here we showed that belle RNAi knockdown in testis cyst cells caused a disruption of adhesion between germ and cyst cells and generation of tumor-like clusters of stem-like germ cells. Ectopic expression of β-integrin in cyst cells rescued early stages of spermatogenesis in belle knockdown testes, indicating that integrin adhesion complexes are required for the interaction between somatic and germ cells in a cyst. To address Belle functions in spermatogenesis in detail we performed cross-linking immunoprecipitation and sequencing (CLIP-seq) analysis and identified multiple mRNAs that interacted with Belle in the testes. The set of Belle targets includes transcripts of proteins that are essential for preventing the tumor-like clusters of germ cells and for sustaining spermatogenesis. By our hypothesis, failures in the translation of a number of mRNA targets additively contribute to developmental defects observed in the testes with belle knockdowns both in cyst cells and in the germline.
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19
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Jia R, Zhao XF. MicroRNA-497 functions as an inflammatory suppressor via targeting DDX3Y and modulating toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB in cigarette smoke extract-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells. J Gene Med 2019; 22:e3137. [PMID: 31696986 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the biological effect of miR-497 in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-damaged human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS MiR-497 mimic was transfected into HBE cells to up-regulate miR-497 expression. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE, 20 μg/mL) was utilized to treat HBE cells to form the injury model. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK8 and flow cytometry assays. DDX3Y mRNA expression was determined by a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between miR-497 and DDX3Y was verified by a luciferase reporter assay. Protein expression levels were tested by western blotting. RESULTS CSE treatment decreased miR-497 level in HBE cells. CSE exposure restrained cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced the relative expression of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65. DDX3Y was predicted as a target of miR-497. The mRNA and protein expression of DDX3Y was negatively modulated by miR-497 in CSE-injured HBE cells. Up-regulation of miR-497 by miR-497 mimic increased cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis in CSE-treated HBE cells, which were rescued by DDX3Y high expression in CSE-treated HBE cells. Consistently, Bcl-2 protein level was heightened, whereas Bax and actived caspase-3/9 protein levels were decreased by miR-497 mimic in CSE-stimulated HBE cells, which was reversed by DDX3Y over-expression in CSE-stimulated HBE cells. The relative expression of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 was decreased by miR-497 mimic, whereas they were rescued by DDX3Y over-expression in CSE-damaged HBE cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that up-regulation of miR-497 exhibits a protective effect on CSE-damaged HBE cells, which might be achieved by targeting DDX3Y and regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jia
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Kerr CL, Bol GM, Vesuna F, Raman V. Targeting RNA helicase DDX3 in stem cell maintenance and teratoma formation. Genes Cancer 2019; 10:11-20. [PMID: 30899416 PMCID: PMC6420792 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DDX3 is an RNA helicase that has antiapoptotic properties, and promotes proliferation and transformation. Besides the role of DDX3 in transformed cells, there is evidence to indicate that DDX3 expression is at its highest levels during early embryonic development and is also expressed in germ cells of adults. Even though there is a distinct pattern of DDX3 expression during embryonic development and in adults, very little is known regarding its role in embryonic stem cells and pluripotency. In this work, we examined the relationship between DDX3 and human embryonic stem cells and its differentiated lineages. DDX3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in human embryonic stem cells and embryonal carcinoma cells. From the data obtained, it was evident that DDX3 was overexpressed in undifferentiated stem cells compared to differentiated cells. Moreover, when DDX3 expression was abrogated in multiple stem cells, proliferation was decreased, but differentiation was facilitated. Importantly, this resulted in reduced potency to induce teratoma formation. Taken together, these findings indicate a distinct role for DDX3 in stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace L Kerr
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guus M Bol
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Farhad Vesuna
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Venu Raman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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New insights into the genetics of spermatogenic failure: a review of the literature. Hum Genet 2019; 138:125-140. [PMID: 30656449 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic anomalies are known to affect about 15% of infertile patients with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. Despite a throughout diagnostic work-up, in up to the 72% of the male partners of infertile couples, no etiological factor can be found; hence, the cause of infertility remains unclear. Recently, several novel genetic causes of spermatogenic failure (SPGF) have been described. The aim of this review was to collect all the available evidence of SPGF genetics, matching data from in-vitro and animal models with those in human beings to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the genes capable of affecting spermatogenesis. By reviewing the literature, we provided a list of 60 candidate genes for SPGF. Their investigation by Next Generation Sequencing in large cohorts of patients with apparently idiopathic infertility would provide new interesting data about their racial- and ethnic-related prevalence in infertile patients, likely raising the diagnostic yields. We propose a phenotype-based approach to identify the genes to look for.
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22
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Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Efremova OV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency. Front Genet 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30505319 PMCID: PMC6250818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional analysis of 167 genes overexpressed in Krebs-2 tumor initiating cells was performed. In the first part of the study, the genes were analyzed for their belonging to one or more of the three groups, which represent the three major phenotypic manifestation of malignancy of cancer cells, namely (1) proliferative self-sufficiency, (2) invasive growth and metastasis, and (3) multiple drug resistance. 96 genes out of 167 were identified as possible contributors to at least one of these fundamental properties. It was also found that substantial part of these genes are also known as genes responsible for formation and/or maintenance of the stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent stem cells. These results suggest that the malignancy is simply the ability to maintain the stem cell specific genes expression profile, and, as a consequence, the stemness itself regardless of the controlling effect of stem niches. In the second part of the study, three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress," which are assumed to activate the expression of these genes, were defined. In addition, possible mechanisms for such activation were identified. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem phenotype in the subpopulation of "committed" tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Efremova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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23
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Colaco S, Modi D. Genetics of the human Y chromosome and its association with male infertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:14. [PMID: 29454353 PMCID: PMC5816366 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Y chromosome harbors genes that are responsible for testis development and also for initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis in adulthood. The long arm of the Y chromosome (Yq) contains many ampliconic and palindromic sequences making it predisposed to self-recombination during spermatogenesis and hence susceptible to intra-chromosomal deletions. Such deletions lead to copy number variation in genes of the Y chromosome resulting in male infertility. Three common Yq deletions that recur in infertile males are termed as AZF (Azoospermia Factor) microdeletions viz. AZFa, AZFb and AZFc. As estimated from data of nearly 40,000 Y chromosomes, the global prevalence of Yq microdeletions is 7.5% in infertile males; however the European infertile men are less susceptible to Yq microdeletions, the highest prevalence is in Americans and East Asian infertile men. In addition, partial deletions of the AZFc locus have been associated with infertility but the effect seems to be ethnicity dependent. Analysis of > 17,000 Y chromosomes from fertile and infertile men has revealed an association of gr/gr deletion with male infertility in Caucasians and Mongolian men, while the b2/b3 deletion is associated with male infertility in African and Dravidian men. Clinically, the screening for Yq microdeletions would aid the clinician in determining the cause of male infertility and decide a rational management strategy for the patient. As these deletions are transmitted to 100% of male offspring born through assisted reproduction, testing of Yq deletions will allow the couples to make an informed choice regarding the perpetuation of male infertility in future generations. With the emerging data on association of Yq deletions with testicular cancers and neuropsychiatric conditions long term follow-up data is urgently needed for infertile men harboring Yq deletions. If found so, the information will change the current the perspective of androgenetics from infertility and might have broad implication in men health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Colaco
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India.
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