1
|
Chen H, Zhao M, Li Y, Wang Q, Xing Y, Bian C, Li J. A study on the ultimate mechanical properties of middle-aged and elderly human aorta based on uniaxial tensile test. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1357056. [PMID: 38576445 PMCID: PMC10991712 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1357056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanical properties of the aorta are particularly important in clinical medicine and forensic science, serving as basic data for further exploration of aortic disease or injury mechanisms. Objective To study the influence of various factors (age, gender, test direction, anatomical location, and pathological characteristics) on the mechanical properties and thickness of the aorta. Methods In this study, a total of 24 aortas (age range: 54-88 years old) were collected, one hundred and seventy-four dog-bone-shaped samples were made, and then the uniaxial tensile test was run, finally, pathological grouping was performed through histological staining. Results Atherosclerotic plaques were mainly distributed near the openings of blood vessel branches. The distribution was most severe in the abdominal aorta, followed by the aortic arch. Aortic atherosclerosis was a more severe trend in the male group. In the comparison of thickness, there were no significant differences in age (over 50 years) and test direction, the average thickness of the aorta was greater in the male group than the female group and decreased progressively from the ascending aorta to the abdominal aorta. Comparing the mechanical parameters, various parameters are mainly negatively correlated with age, especially in the circumferential ascending aorta (εp "Y = -0.01402*X + 1.762, R2 = 0.6882", εt "Y = -0.01062*X + 1.250, R2 = 0.6772"); the parameters of males in the healthy group were larger, while the parameters of females were larger in atherosclerosis group; the aorta has anisotropy, the parameters in the circumferential direction were greater than those in the axial direction; the parameters of the ascending aorta were the largest in the circumferential direction, the ultimate stress [σp "1.69 (1.08,2.32)"] and ultimate elastic modulus [E2"8.28 (6.67,10.25)"] of the abdominal aorta were significantly larger in the axial direction; In the circumferential direction, the stress [σp "2.2 (1.31,3.98)", σt "0.13 (0.09,0.31)"] and ultimate elastic modulus (E2 "14.10 ± 7.21") of adaptive intimal thickening were greater than those of other groups, the strain (εp "0.82 ± 0.17", εt "0.53 ± 0.14") of pathological intimal thickening was the largest in the pathological group. Conclusion The present study systematically analyzed the influence of age, sex, test direction, anatomical site, and pathological characteristics on the biomechanical properties of the aorta, described the distribution of aortic atherosclerosis, and illustrated the characteristics of aortic thickness changes. At the same time, new insights into the grouping of pathological features were presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Minzhu Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunhao Bian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Criminal Investigation Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan M, Zhou J, Pan X, Wang J, Qi Q, Wang L. Drugs for the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms: Hormonal and non-hormonal therapy. Life Sci 2022; 312:121255. [PMID: 36470539 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal symptoms are systemic symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency after menopause. At present, treatments for postmenopausal symptoms include hormonal therapy (HT) and non-HT. However, the optimal regimen for balancing the benefits and risks remains unclear. This article reviewed the characteristics, regimens, and side effects of drugs used in hormonal and non-HT. However, HT is still the most effective treatment with safety in early initiation since menopause onset. Nevertheless, it is essential to evaluate the risks of related chronic diseases and customize individualized treatments. Possible estetrol preparations and more types of Tissue Selective Estrogen Complex formulations are potential directions of drug development in the future of HT. Regarding non-HT, fezolinetant, currently in phase III clinical trials, is poised to become a first-in-class therapy for vasomotor symptoms. Ospemifene, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and vaginal lasers can also be used for moderate-to-severe genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Recent data suggest a superior efficacy and safety of vaginal lasers, but more validated evidence of long-term tolerability is needed to respond to the United States Food and Drug Administration warning. Herbal medication commonly used in Asia is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms; however, its adverse effects still require more detailed reports and standardized observation methods. This review contributes to a better understanding of drugs for the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms and provides useful information for clinical drug selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Pan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyao Pan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Qi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu S, Hao P, Gou C, Zhang X, Wang L, Basang W, Zhu Y, Gao Y. Lysinibacillus sp. GG242 from Cattle Slurries Degrades 17β-Estradiol and Possible 2 Transformation Routes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091745. [PMID: 36144347 PMCID: PMC9504447 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental estrogen pollution has long been a concern due to adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. Biodegradation is a vital way to remove estrogen, a strain of Lysinibacillus sp. was isolated, numbered strain GG242. The degradation rate of 100 mg·L−1 17β-estradiol (E2)) > 95% in one week, and compared with extracellular enzymes, intracellular enzymes have stronger degradation ability. Strain GG242 can maintain a stable E2 degradation ability under different conditions (20−35 °C, pH 5−11, salinity 0−40 g·L−1). Under appropriate conditions (30 °C, pH 8, 1 g·L−1 NaCl), the degradation rate increased by 32.32% in one week. Based on the analysis of transformation products, inferred E2 was converted via two distinct routes. Together, this research indicates the degradation potential of strain GG242 and provides new insights into the biotransformation of E2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Peng Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Changlong Gou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xiqing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Wangdui Basang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-131-5975-2912
| |
Collapse
|