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Urquhart CG, Pinheiro TDR, da Silva JLG, Leal DBR, Burgo TAL, Iglesias BA, Santos RCV. Antimicrobial activity of water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 42:103266. [PMID: 36587859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript presents the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm preliminary properties, and associated therapy with commercial drugs using water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two commercial tetra-cationic porphyrins were tested against a standard strain of P. aeruginosa 01 (PA01) in antibacterial activity assays under dark conditions and irradiated with white light for 120 min. Porphyrin 4-H2TMePor showed better antimicrobial activity and was chosen for further tests. Increased minimum inhibitory concentration was observed in the presence of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that photooxidation was mediated by the singlet oxygen production. In the time-kill curve assay, 4-H2TMePor inhibited bacterial growth in 90 min of irradiation. The checkerboard assay revealed synergistic interactions. Biofilms of the standard PA01 strain and three clinical isolates were formed. The biofilm destruction assay was more efficient for PA01, significantly reducing the biofilm biomass formed compared to the positive control. The associated treatment to destroy the biofilm potentiated a significant decrease in the biofilm biomass compared to the positive control. The photosensitizer did not damage human keratinocytes or mouse fibroblasts in the cytotoxicity assays, demonstrating the safety of using 4-H2TMePor. Atomic force microscopy indicated lower adhesion force, higher cell wall deformation, and higher dissipation energy in the treated control compared to untreated PA01. Given our findings, it is evident that water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins have excellent antimicrobial and a preliminary antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative bacteria, proving to be a potential photosensitizer for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez Urquhart
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (LAPEMICRO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ticiane da Rosa Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (LAPEMICRO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas Gutknecht da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Lima Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Cristovao Colombo, 2265, S. J. Rio Preto, SP 15014-100, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos (LBMP), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Christ Vianna Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (LAPEMICRO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Rossi GG, Guterres KB, Moreira KS, Burgo TAL, de Campos MMA, Iglesias BA. Photo-damage promoted by tetra-cationic palladium(II) porphyrins in rapidly growing mycobacteria. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102514. [PMID: 34481062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has gained prominence in microbiology, especially in treating non-invasive infections. Diseases such as mycobacteriosis, which causes localized infections and has a slow treatment, tend to be future targets for this type of technology. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the action of two isomeric Pd(II)-porphyrins on fast-growing mycobacterial strains (RGM). Tetra-cationic porphyrins (4-PdTPyP and 3-PdTPyP) were synthesized and applied against standard strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus (ATCC 19977), Mycolicibacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841), Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (ATCC 700084), and Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense (ATCC 48898). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers were used in an attempt to determine possible ROS produced by the photosensitizers (PS) under study. Moreover, the impact of porphyrin on the mycobacterial surface was further evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and we observed significant damage on cells walls and altered nanomechanical and electrostatic adhesion properties. The results presented herein show that the positively charged porphyrin at the meta position (3-PdTPyP) was the most efficient PS against the RGM strains, and its bactericidal activity was proven in two irradiation sessions, with singlet oxygen species being the main ROS involved in this process. This study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of porphyrins, especially the 3-PdTPyP derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazille Guidolin Rossi
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kevim Bordignon Guterres
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Schneider Moreira
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Lima Burgo
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marli Matiko Anraku de Campos
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil..
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Kirar S, Chaudhari D, Thakur NS, Jain S, Bhaumik J, Laha JK, Banerjee UC. Light-assisted anticancer photodynamic therapy using porphyrin-doped nanoencapsulates. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 220:112209. [PMID: 34049179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Light activatable porphyrinic photosensitizers (PSs) are essential components of anticancer and antimicrobial therapy and diagnostic imaging. However, their biological applications are quite challenging due to the lack of hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. To overcome such drawbacks, photosensitizers can be doped into a biocompatible polymer such as gelatin and further can be used for biomedical applications. Herein, first, a novel A4 type porphyrin PS [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-pyridylamidephenyl)porphyrin; TPyAPP] was synthesized via a rational route with good yield. Further, this porphyrin was encapsulated into the gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) to develop hydrophilic phototherapeutic nanoagents (PTNAs, A4por-GNPs). Notably, the synthesis of such porphyrin-doped GNPs avoids the use of any toxic chemicals or solvents. The nanoprobes have also shown good fluorescence quantum yield demonstrating their applicability in bioimaging. Further, the mechanistic aspects of the anticancer and antimicrobial efficacy of the developed A4por-GNPs were evaluated via singlet oxygen generation studies. Overall, our results indicated porphyrin-doped biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles act as effective phototherapeutic agents against a broad range of cancer cell lines and microbes upon activation by the low-cost LED light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Kirar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Dasharath Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Neeraj S Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Uttam C Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India.
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Patel N, Swavey S, Robinson J. A Cationic Porphyrin, ZnPor, Disassembles Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Matrix, Kills Cells Directly, and Enhances Antibiotic Activity of Tobramycin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E875. [PMID: 33291344 PMCID: PMC7762324 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest threats to human health is the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) is an "opportunistic" pathogen known to cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals and is the most common pathogen in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). We report here a cationic zinc (II) porphyrin, ZnPor, that effectively kills planktonic and biofilm-associated cells of PsA. In standard tests against 16-18 h-old biofilms, concentrations as low as 16 µg/mL resulted in the extensive disruption and detachment of the matrix. The pre-treatment of biofilms for 30 min with ZnPor at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels (4 µg/mL) substantially enhanced the ability of tobramycin (Tobra) to kill biofilm-associated cells. We demonstrate the rapid uptake and accumulation of ZnPor in planktonic cells even in dedicated heme-uptake system mutants (ΔPhu, ΔHas, and the double mutant). Furthermore, uptake was unaffected by the ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP). Cells pre-exposed to ZnPor took up the cell-impermeant dye SYTOXTM Green in a concentration-dependent manner. The accumulation of ZnPor did not result in cell lysis, nor did the cells develop resistance. Taken together, these properties make ZnPor a promising candidate for treating multi-drug-resistant infections, including persistent, antibiotic-resistant biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Patel
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA;
| | - Shawn Swavey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA;
| | - Jayne Robinson
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA;
- Integrated Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
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Kirar S, Thakur NS, Laha JK, Banerjee UC. Porphyrin Functionalized Gelatin Nanoparticle-Based Biodegradable Phototheranostics: Potential Tools for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4202-4212. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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