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Castro RS, Cordeiro BS, Rolim MAF, Costa APDM, Santos MDC, Silva MACND, Albuquerque IDC, Fonseca LMB, Pinho JRR, Gouvêa MSG, Silva AAMD, Ferreira ADSP. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2023; 65:e33. [PMID: 37098921 PMCID: PMC10124778 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202365033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson's regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Soares Castro
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Silva Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ferreira Rolim
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Porto de Macedo Costa
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Max Diego Cruz Santos
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical (LIM-07), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Soares Gomes Gouvêa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical (LIM-07), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adalgisa de Souza Paiva Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Medicina I, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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The unexpected high prevalence of HBV subgenotype D4 in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Galicia, a northwestern Spanish region, reflects strong links with Latin America. J Clin Virol 2022; 153:105195. [PMID: 35661583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) comprises 9 genotypes and multiple subgenotypes that depict differences in geographic distribution, clinical outcome and response to antiviral therapy. However, the molecular epidemiology of HBV geno/subgenotypes is globally scarce. In Spain, HBV genotype D seems to be more prevalent in the northwestern regions compared to the rest of the country for unclear reasons. METHODS HBV genotyping was performed using geno2pheno on a S gene fragment amplified from plasma collected from all chronic hepatitis B individuals attended at one reference hospital in Santiago de Compostela, the Galicia's capital town. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses using a fragment of 345 bp were performed in all viremic specimens. To avoid misleading allocation as consequence of short fragment analysis, several bioinformatic controls were used. RESULTS A total of 320 individuals with persistent serum HBsAg+ and detectable HBV-DNA were seen between 2000 and 2016 (male 68.4%; median age, 52 years-old; native Spaniards 83.8%). HBV genotype distribution was as follows: A 15.3%; B 1.6%; C 2.5%; D 71.6%; E 3.1%; F 2.2%; G 3.1%; and H 0.6%. HBV genotype D was mostly represented by D4 and D2 subgenotypes (33.4% and 15% of total, respectively). Compared to chronic hepatitis B patients with genotypes B, C, E and G, HBV-D4 carriers tended to be older (54.2% had >50 years-old) and HBeAg-negative (85%). Moreover, 43% were female, 4.7% had cirrhosis, 10.2% hepatitis C and 6.4% HIV coinfection. Phylogenetic analyses could be performed on 82 HBV-D4 specimens; and 79 were confirmed as HBV-D4 using PhyML. Phylogeography using FasTree suggested at least two distinct introductions of HBV-D4 in Galicia, one from the Caribbean and South America, and another from India. CONCLUSIONS HBV subgenotype D4 is the most prevalent HBV variant in chronic hepatitis B patients living in the northwest of Spain, representing 33.4% (107/320) of all chronic hepatitis B infections. This rate of HBV-D4 is among the highest reported worldwide. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses suggest a strong association with historical migrant exchanges with Latin America, and especially with the Caribbean basin.
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Nunes JDC, Silva DLFD, Fonseca LMB, Felipe IMA, Ferreira BR, Santana RDC, Martinelli ADLC, Silva AAMD, Pinho JRR, Gouvêa MSG, Santos MDC, Lima TFM, Albuquerque IDC, Souza MT, Moraes MJD, Caldas ADJM, Souza LAB, Silva CMPDME, Ferreira ADSP. Unexpected findings of hepatitis B and delta infection in northeastern Brazil: A public health alert. Ann Hepatol 2021; 22:100272. [PMID: 33075579 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Research has shown that hepatitis B (HBV) and Delta virus (HDV) are a worldwide public health problem. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rates of HBV and HDV infection in five municipalities of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total sample between 3856 and 4000 individuals. Questionnaires were used to register sociodemographic characteristics and factors associated with transmission. Patients were tested for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and antibodies against hepatitis Delta virus (anti-HDV). Factors associated with HBV were detected by means of multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS Overall, 3983 subjects were included. Ninety-two of the participants were HBsAg-positive (2.30%, 95% CI 1.80-2.80), and anti-HBc was detected in 1535 (38.50%, 95% CI 37-40). The factors associated with the presence of anti-HBc were: (1) Municipality (P<0.001); Age (P<0.001); School education (P<0.001); Illicit drug use (P=0.001); non-HBV vaccine (P=0.041). Among the HBsAg carriers, eight were anti-HDV-positive (8.69%, 95% CI 2.90-14.40). The most frequent HBV genotype was D4. The only HDV genotype was HDV-8. CONCLUSION HBV exhibited intermediate endemicity in the studied region. Traditional factors were associated with exposure to the virus. The presence of the HDV was confirmed. The most frequent HBV and HDV genotypes were unlike the ones currently described in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beatriz Rossetti Ferreira
- College of Nursing, Departament of Maternal-Infant Nursing and Public Health, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Carvalho Santana
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michele Soares Gomes Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Josélia Diniz Moraes
- Maranhão Clinical Research Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
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Meneghello BHDS, Soares MMCN, Silva VCM, Lemos MF, Cervato MC, Caetano Filho J, Sitnik R, Estécio TCH, Compri AP, Pinho JRR, Moreira RC. Hepatitis B in the Northwestern region of Sao Paulo State: genotypes and resistance mutations. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e78. [PMID: 34755817 PMCID: PMC8580483 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, few studies on the molecular aspects of hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection have been conducted in the interior regions of Sao Paulo State. This
study aimed to identify HBV genotypes and evaluate strains with resistance
mutations for nucleoside analogues in the Administrative Region (AR) of the
municipality of Sao Jose do Rio Preto. We performed nested PCRs of 127 samples
from the Health Care Services of the AR to amplify, sequence and analyze
fragments of the HBV DNA, in order to identify genotypes and resistance
mutations. The HBV S/Pol regions of 126 samples were successfully amplified and
sequenced. Five different genotypes were found, and the main ones were A, D and
F; a greater number of samples contained the subgenotypes A1 (n = 51; 40.5%), D3
(n = 36; 28.6%), A2 (n = 14; 11.1%) and F2a (n = 9; 7.1%). Resistance mutations
(rtM204V/I/S) associated or not with compensatory mutations (rtL180M, rtV173L)
were identified in 13.9% (5/36) of patients undergoing viral treatment and 1.1%
(1/90) of naïve patients. The diversity of genotypes/subgenotypes found is
probably due to the intense migration occurring in the region. These data can
complement epidemiological and clinical surveillance, and can be used for a more
effective management of chronic HBV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - João Caetano Filho
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Laboratório Regional, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sitnik
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, LIM-03, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical "João de Queiroz e Castorina Bettencourt Alves", LIM-07, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lima LA, Lago BVD, Weis-Torres SMDS, Martins RMB, Cesar GA, Bandeira LM, Rezende GR, Lindenberg ADSC, Gomes SA, Motta-Castro ARC. Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6708. [PMID: 32317697 PMCID: PMC7174315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a concern in vulnerable populations. In a study performed by our team in 1999–2003 in two Afro-Brazilian communities, Furnas dos Dionísios (FD) and São Benedito (SB), high prevalence rates of HBV exposure (42.7% and 16.0%, respectively), high susceptibility to HBV (55.3% and 63.0%) and low HBV vaccination like profile rates (2.0% and 21.0%) were observed. In 2015–2016, we reassessed HBV epidemiological and molecular features in these two communities to verify the impact of health actions adopted in the last years. The prevalence rate of HBV exposure among the enrolled 331 subjects was 35.3% in FD and 21.8% in SB. HBV chronic infection (5.8% in FD, 4.9% in SB) remained high. The rate of HBV vaccination like profile increased from 10.7% to 43.5% (2.0% to 45.9% in FD, 21.0% to 39.5% in SB) while susceptible subjects declined from 58.9% to 26.3% (55.3% to 18.8% in FD, 63.0% to 38.7% in SB). Among 18 HBsAg positive samples, 13 were successfully sequenced (pre-S/S region). Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates belong to HBV subgenotype A1, clustering within the Asian-American clade. Despite the maintenance of high prevalence rate of HBV exposure over these 13 years of surveillance, significant improvements were observed, reinforcing the importance of facilitated HBV vaccination to difficult-to-access population to close gaps in prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Alves Lima
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Vieira do Lago
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Institute of Technology in Immunobiology, Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. .,Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Mato Grosso do Sul, Ministry of Health, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Campollo O, Roman S. Consensus and clinical practice guidelines in Latin America: Who, where, when and how. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:281-284. [PMID: 31230669 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Campollo
- Center of Studies on Alcohol and Addictions. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara FAA, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico; Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara FAA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Roman
- Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara FAA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
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Lago BV, do Espirito-Santo MP, Costa VD, Marques VA, Villar LM, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Mello FCA. Genetic Diversity of the Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotypes in Brazil. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090860. [PMID: 31540166 PMCID: PMC6784006 DOI: 10.3390/v11090860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotypes may be related to clinical outcomes and response to antiviral therapy. Most Brazilian studies on HBV subgenotypes are restricted to some regions and to specific population groups. Here, we provide an insight about genetic diversity of HBV subgenotypes in 321 serum samples from all five geographical regions, providing a representative overview of their circulation among chronic carriers. Overall, HBV/A1 was the most prevalent subgenotype, being found as the major one in all regions except in South Brazil. Among HBV/D samples, subgenotype D3 was the most prevalent, found in 51.5%, followed by D2 (27.3%) and D4 (21.2%). D2 and D3 were the most prevalent subgenotypes in South region, with high similarity with European strains. D4 was found in North and Northeast region and clustered with strains from Cape Verde and India. For HBV/F, the most frequent subgenotype was F2 (84.1%), followed by F4 (10.1%) and F1 (5.8%), closely related with strains from Venezuela, Argentina and Chile, respectively. Phylogeographic analyses were performed using an HBV full-length genome obtained from samples infected with genotypes rarely found in Brazil (B, C, and E). According to Bayesian inference, HBV/B2 and HBV/C2 were probably introduced in Brazil through China, and HBV/E from Guinea, all of them mostly linked to recent events of human migration. In conclusion, this study provided a comprehensive overview of the current circulation of HBV subgenotypes in Brazil. Our findings might contribute to a better understand of the dynamics of viral variants, to establish a permanent molecular surveillance on the introduction and dispersion patterns of new strains and, thus, to support public policies to control HBV dissemination in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara V Lago
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcia P do Espirito-Santo
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa D Costa
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa A Marques
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Livia M Villar
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Lia L Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
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Sousa DDD, Silva CRDS, Lima Junior WP, Barros JDA, Nascimento IADS, Souza VCD, Naveca FG, Granja F. Phylogenetic analysis and genotype distribution of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Roraima, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e35. [PMID: 30043939 PMCID: PMC6056886 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem. HBV has a
high viral genetic diversity, with 10 genotypes recognized. In Brazil, the
Roraima State is the third in the Northern region regarding the number of
hepatitis B cases. On the other hand, few data on HBV genotyping and
phylogenetic analysis are available. The purpose of this study is to
characterize the HBV genotypes circulating in Roraima State. Of the 113 chronic
hepatitis B patients enrolled in this study, 40 were HBV-DNA positive. A
fragment of 280 bp (S gene) was amplified by PCR and submitted to nucleotide
sequencing. A dataset containing the viral sequences obtained in this study,
plus 130 obtained from GenBank was used for genotyping by phylogenetic analysis.
The HBV subgenotype distribution found was A1 (62.5%), A2 (7.5%), D2, D3, D4
(2.5%), F2a (12.5%), and F3 (10%). We characterized the genotypes and
subgenotypes of HBV circulating among patients in the State of Roraima. In
addition, our study shows for the first time the HBV/F3 genotype circulating in
Brazil. In conclusion, our findings showed a high diversity of HBV genotypes in
Roraima, which is also found in other Brazilian geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Dinelly de Sousa
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Raquel de Sousa Silva
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Wilson Pereira Lima Junior
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline de Aguiar Barros
- Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Coordenação Geral de Vigilância em Saúde, SESAU/RR, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Fiocruz-Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Granja
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
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