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Kasaragod DK, Aizawa H. Deep ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy of three-dimensional structures in the mouse brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8553. [PMID: 37237102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging at cellular resolution improves our understanding of the brain architecture and is crucial for structural and functional integration as well as for the understanding of normal and pathological conditions in the brain. We developed a wide-field fluorescent microscope for 3D imaging of the brain structures using deep ultraviolet (DUV) light. This microscope allowed fluorescence imaging with optical sectioning due to the large absorption at the surface of the tissue and hence low tissue penetration of DUV light. Multiple channels of fluorophore signals were detected using single or a combination of dyes emitting fluorescence in the visible range of spectrum upon DUV excitation. Combination of this DUV microscope with microcontroller-based motorized stage enabled wide-field imaging of a coronal section of the cerebral hemisphere in mouse for deciphering cytoarchitecture of each substructure in detail. We extended this by integrating vibrating microtome which allowed serial block-face imaging of the brain structure such as the habenula in mouse. Acquired images were with resolution high enough for quantification of the cell numbers and density in the mouse habenula. Upon block-face imaging of the tissues covering entire extent of the cerebral hemisphere of the mouse brain, acquired data were registered and segmented for quantification of cell number in each brain regions. Results in the current analysis indicated that this novel microscope could be a convenient tool for large-scale 3D analysis of the brain in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kamath Kasaragod
- Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Aizawa
- Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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2
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Yang SH, Yang E, Lee J, Kim JY, Yoo H, Park HS, Jung JT, Lee D, Chun S, Jo YS, Pyeon GH, Park JY, Lee HW, Kim H. Neural mechanism of acute stress regulation by trace aminergic signalling in the lateral habenula in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2435. [PMID: 37105975 PMCID: PMC10140019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress management is necessary for vertebrate survival. Chronic stress drives depression by excitation of the lateral habenula (LHb), which silences dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) via GABAergic neuronal projection from the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg). However, the effect of acute stress on this LHb-RMTg-VTA pathway is not clearly understood. Here, we used fluorescent in situ hybridisation and in vivo electrophysiology in mice to show that LHb aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase-expressing neurons (D-neurons) are activated by acute stressors and suppress RMTg GABAergic neurons via trace aminergic signalling, thus activating VTA dopaminergic neurons. We show that the LHb regulates RMTg GABAergic neurons biphasically under acute stress. This study, carried out on male mice, has elucidated a molecular mechanism in the efferent LHb-RMTg-VTA pathway whereby trace aminergic signalling enables the brain to manage acute stress by preventing the hypoactivity of VTA dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyeijung Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyung Sun Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jin Taek Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sungkun Chun
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, South Korea
| | - Yong Sang Jo
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Hee Pyeon
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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3
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Dai D, Li W, Chen A, Gao XF, Xiong L. Lateral Habenula and Its Potential Roles in Pain and Related Behaviors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1108-1118. [PMID: 35412792 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) is a tiny structure that acts as a hub, relaying signals from the limbic forebrain structures and basal ganglia to the brainstem modulatory area. Facilitated by updated knowledge and more precise manipulation of circuits, the progress in figuring out the neural circuits and functions of the LHb has increased dramatically over the past decade. Importantly, LHb is found to play an integrative role and has profound effects on a variety of behaviors associated with pain, including depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors, antireward or aversion, aggression, defensive behavior, and substance use disorder. Thus, LHb is a potential target for improving pain management and related disorders. In this review, we focused on the functions, related circuits, and neurotransmissions of the LHb in pain processing and related behaviors. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the LHb and pain will help to find new pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Dai
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Wanrong Li
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Aiwen Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
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Lie E, Yeo Y, Lee EJ, Shin W, Kim K, Han KA, Yang E, Choi TY, Bae M, Lee S, Um SM, Choi SY, Kim H, Ko J, Kim E. SALM4 negatively regulates NMDA receptor function and fear memory consolidation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1138. [PMID: 34588597 PMCID: PMC8481232 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many synaptic adhesion molecules positively regulate synapse development and function, but relatively little is known about negative regulation. SALM4/Lrfn3 (synaptic adhesion-like molecule 4/leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 3) inhibits synapse development by suppressing other SALM family proteins, but whether SALM4 also inhibits synaptic function and specific behaviors remains unclear. Here we show that SALM4-knockout (Lrfn3-/-) male mice display enhanced contextual fear memory consolidation (7-day post-training) but not acquisition or 1-day retention, and exhibit normal cued fear, spatial, and object-recognition memory. The Lrfn3-/- hippocampus show increased currents of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (GluN2B-NMDARs), but not α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs), which requires the presynaptic receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPσ. Chronic treatment of Lrfn3-/- mice with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to treat excessive fear memory that directly inhibits GluN2B-NMDARs, normalizes NMDAR function and contextual fear memory consolidation in Lrfn3-/- mice, although the GluN2B-specific NMDAR antagonist ifenprodil was not sufficient to reverse the enhanced fear memory consolidation. These results suggest that SALM4 suppresses excessive GluN2B-NMDAR (not AMPAR) function and fear memory consolidation (not acquisition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Lie
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620 Korea
| | - Yeji Yeo
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Kyungdeok Kim
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Han
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988 Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Mihyun Bae
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Suho Lee
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Seung Min Um
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988 Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
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5
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Wang GT, Pan HY, Lang WH, Yu YD, Hsieh CH, Kuan YS. Three-dimensional multi-gene expression maps reveal cell fate changes associated with laterality reversal of zebrafish habenula. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1632-1645. [PMID: 33638209 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The conserved bilateral habenular nuclei (HA) in vertebrate diencephalon develop into compartmentalized structures containing neurons derived from different cell lineages. Despite extensive studies demonstrated that zebrafish larval HA display distinct left-right (L-R) asymmetry in gene expression and connectivity, the spatial gene expression domains were mainly obtained from two-dimensional (2D) snapshots of colorimetric RNA in situ hybridization staining which could not properly reflect different HA neuronal lineages constructed in three-dimension (3D). Combing the tyramide-based fluorescent mRNA in situ hybridization, confocal microscopy and customized imaging processing procedures, we have created spatial distribution maps of four genes for 4-day-old zebrafish and in sibling fish whose L-R asymmetry was spontaneously reversed. 3D volumetric analyses showed that ratios of cpd2, lov, ron, and nrp1a expression in L-R reversed HA were reversed according to the parapineal positions. However, the quantitative changes of gene expression in reversed larval brains do not mirror the gene expression level in the obverse larval brains. There were a total 87.78% increase in lov+ nrp1a+ and a total 12.45% decrease in lov+ ron+ double-positive neurons when the L-R asymmetry of HA was reversed. Thus, our volumetric analyses of the 3D maps indicate that changes of HA neuronal cell fates are associated with the reversal of HA laterality. These changes likely account for the behavior changes associated with HA laterality alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tzau Wang
- National Center for High-Performance Computing, Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - He-Yen Pan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Wei-Han Lang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Ding Yu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chang-Huain Hsieh
- National Center for High-Performance Computing, Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yung-Shu Kuan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.,Neuroscience Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
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6
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Kweon H, Jung WB, Im GH, Ryoo J, Lee JH, Do H, Choi Y, Song YH, Jung H, Park H, Qiu LR, Ellegood J, Shim HJ, Yang E, Kim H, Lerch JP, Lee SH, Chung WS, Kim D, Kim SG, Kim E. Excitatory neuronal CHD8 in the regulation of neocortical development and sensory-motor behaviors. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108780. [PMID: 33626347 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD8 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8) is a chromatin remodeler associated with autism spectrum disorders. Homozygous Chd8 deletion in mice leads to embryonic lethality, making it difficult to assess whether CHD8 regulates brain development and whether CHD8 haploinsufficiency-related macrocephaly reflects normal CHD8 functions. Here, we report that homozygous conditional knockout of Chd8 restricted to neocortical glutamatergic neurons causes apoptosis-dependent near-complete elimination of neocortical structures. These mice, however, display normal survival and hyperactivity, anxiolytic-like behavior, and increased social interaction. They also show largely normal auditory function and moderately impaired visual and motor functions but enhanced whisker-related somatosensory function. These changes accompany thalamic hyperactivity, revealed by 15.2-Tesla fMRI, and increased intrinsic excitability and decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission in thalamic ventral posterior medial (VPM) neurons involved in somatosensation. These results suggest that excitatory neuronal CHD8 critically regulates neocortical development through anti-apoptotic mechanisms, neocortical elimination distinctly affects cognitive behaviors and sensory-motor functions in mice, and Chd8 haploinsufficiency-related macrocephaly might represent compensatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Kweon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won Beom Jung
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jia Ryoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Joon-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hogyeong Do
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Choi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - You-Hyang Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hwajin Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Haram Park
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hyun-Ji Shim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Seung-Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea; Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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7
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Yoo H, Yang SH, Kim JY, Yang E, Park HS, Lee SJ, Rhyu IJ, Turecki G, Lee HW, Kim H. Down-regulation of habenular calcium-dependent secretion activator 2 induces despair-like behavior. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3700. [PMID: 33580180 PMCID: PMC7881199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent secretion activator 2 (CAPS2) regulates the trafficking and exocytosis of neuropeptide-containing dense-core vesicles (DCVs). CAPS2 is prominently expressed in the medial habenula (MHb), which is related to depressive behavior; however, how MHb neurons cause depressive symptoms and the role of CAPS2 remains unclear. We hypothesized that dysfunction of MHb CAPS neurons might cause defects in neuropeptide secretion and the activity of monoaminergic centers, resulting in depressive-like behaviors. In this study, we examined (1) CAPS2 expression in the habenula of depression animal models and major depressive disorder patients and (2) the effects of down-regulation of MHb CAPS2 on the animal behaviors, synaptic transmission in the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), and neuronal activity of monoamine centers. Habenular CAPS2 expression was decreased in the rat chronic restraint stress model, mouse learned helplessness model, and showed tendency to decrease in depression patients who died by suicide. Knockdown of CAPS2 in the mouse habenula evoked despair-like behavior and a reduction of the release of DCVs in the IPN. Neuronal activity of IPN and monoaminergic centers was also reduced. These results implicate MHb CAPS2 as playing a pivotal role in depressive behavior through the regulation of neuropeptide secretion of the MHb-IPN pathway and the activity of monoaminergic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeijung Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Korea 21 FOUR, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Korea 21 FOUR, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Korea 21 FOUR, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung Sun Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Se Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Korea 21 FOUR, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas, Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Korea 21 FOUR, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Korea 21 FOUR, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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